青光眼小梁切除术后浅前房临床分析

目的 探讨青光眼小梁切除术后浅前房的原因及发生情况。方法 回顾总结我院1997年1月至2001年12月连续92例104只眼小梁切除术后发生浅前房的程度及原因。结果 本组发生术后浅前房16眼；占15.4％，其中结膜漏1眼(6．25％)，滤过过强11眼(68．75％)，脉络膜睫状体脱离4眼(25％)。结论 青光眼小梁切除术后浅前房原因复杂，与术前眼压关系密切，与患者年龄及青光眼类型无关，最常见的原因是房水滤过过强。     

颈椎前路钢板在脊髓型颈椎病前路手术中的作用

目的 评价内固定在脊髓型颈椎病前路减压中的作用。方法 143例脊髓型颈椎病患者经前路减压后自体髂骨植骨，带锁钢板内固定。获得随访病例132例，随访时间平均20个月，观察术后神经功能恢复情况，植骨融合率，椎间高度及颈椎生理曲度恢复情况。结果 单节段与两节段病变者术后3月均获得骨性愈合，融合率为100％，16例3节段病变者融合体为81．3％，内固定并发症为5／132(3．8％)。术后椎间高度与生理曲度均获得满意重建。JOA记分平均改善率65．8％。结论 在脊髓型颈椎病前路减压手术中应用带锁钢板内固定可有效维持椎间高度和生理曲度，并有助于后路间接减压。     

The need for future surgical low rectal cancer studies

Optimal surgery remains the mainstay of best outcome for rectal cancer. The demonstration, during the 3rd Annual Pelican Surgical Workshop Symposium, of an abdomino‐perineal excision (APE) performed in the ‘Berlin position’, further added to the debate on optimal surgical technique. Much interest was created at the 1st Pelican symposium with the demonstration, by the Swedish surgeon Dr Torbjorn Holm, of a prone APE and the delivery of a ‘cylindrical’ specimen and the potential to reduce local recurrence using this approach. The high rates of local recurrence following APE and the discussions as to optimal technique have led to the development of a proposed MERCURY Study Group study to assess the benefit of a radical APE, with careful assessment of the impact that this operation may have on morbidity. A German study has also been proposed adopting the UK's multidisciplinary team approach. It aims at targeting preoperative chemoradiotherapy at those patients in whom a radical APE or total mesorectal excision is likely to result in an involved surgical resection margin. In this article we review the evidence for improving the surgical technique for low rectal cancer. We believe improvements may be best achieved through continued European prospective, multi‐centre, multidisciplinary studies.     

颈椎椎体次全切除钛网钉板系统的临床应用

目的探讨颈椎前路椎体次全切除钛网钉板植骨融合的临床效果。方法自2001年3月～2003年3月间应用颈前路椎体次全切除钛网植骨融合及钉板固定治疗颈椎管狭窄性疾病22例，其中4例患者行2椎体次全切除3节椎间隙减压手术。术后观察减压、固定、融合及神经功能恢复情况，并行X线摄片或CT扫描检查。结果患者获6～12个月随访，神经功能得到不同程度改善，无加重情况。椎间隙高度无丢失、无成角，均获得骨性融合。术后3d在颈围领固定下下床活动，4周后可恢复较轻工作。结论此术式可避免传统手术方法的缺点，即不取自体髂骨，融合率高，稳定性好，并减压彻底，疗效好，是一种值得推广的新技术。     

小儿前,后连合间径与身长和颅脑间相关性的探讨

取身长为50～150cm的小儿标本90例,分别测量了身长、头围、脑矢状径、脑垂半径和连合间径的长度,按身长不同分为三组统计均数和标准差,并作直线相关和回归分析。结果表明连合间径长度与身长、头围、脑矢状径和脑垂半径间存在明显的正相关关系,建立用身长、头围、脑矢状径和脑垂半径估计连合间径长度的一元和多元回归方程,初步找到连合间径随身长和颅脑生长发育的变化规律。填补了小儿连合间径方面的空白,为脑立体定位术中确定脑原点和脑矢状轴提供数据,并为研究小儿脑生长发育规律积累资料。     

颈前路带锁钛板在脊髓型颈椎病手术中的应用

目的评价脊髓型颈椎病前路减压后应用带锁钛板内固定的价值。方法对51例脊髓型颈椎病患者采用前路减压、取自体髂骨植骨和颈椎带锁钛板内固定治疗。结果随访43例,平均随访时间2a,术后3个月植骨块获得骨性融合,颈椎椎间高度和生理曲度维持满意,感觉、肌力明显恢复,钛板及螺钉无松动及断裂现象。结论脊髓型颈椎病前路减压术后应用带锁钛板内固定能促使植骨块融合,有效地维持椎间高度和颈椎生理曲度,有较高的应用价值。     

Saccular Aneurysm of the Azygos Anterior Cerebral Artery: Three Case Reports

The azygos anterior cerebral artery, a rare anomaly in the circle of Willis in which only a single vessel supplies the medial aspects of both anterior cerebral hemispheres, is closely associated with saccular aneurysms. We present three cases of azygos anterior cerebral artery aneurysms among the 781 cerebral aneurysms surgically treated at our institution in an 11-year period. These three cases all involved elderly women who presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Conventional cerebral angiography and CT angiography revealed small saccular aneurysms at the distal ends of the azygos anterior cerebral arteries. These aneurysms were clipped successfully using a bifrontal interhemispheric approach. Hence, the pathogenesis of these particular aneurysms relating to hemodynamic change, associated anomalies, and surgical pitfalls is discussed with review of literature.     

颈椎后纵韧带骨化症前路手术的多因素分析

[目的]探讨影响颈椎后纵韧带骨化症前路手术疗效的相关因素。[方法]48例颈椎后纵韧带骨化症患者，行前路手术治疗，随访1～4年，平均2．1年。根据术后神经功能JOA评分改善率，将患者分为预后良好、预后不佳2组。采用多元Logistic回归分析患者年龄、性别、神经功能、症状持续时间、合并糖尿病、Pavlov值、椎管狭窄率、骨化物分型、CT双影征、脊髓高信号、手术范围以及骨化物处理对患者手术疗效的影响。[结果]骨化物的处理方式是影响患者疗效的唯一因素（P=0．0067）。[结论]前路手术彻底切除骨化之后纵韧带，对脊髓充分减压是前路手术治疗颈椎后纵韧带骨化症的关键。     

The effect of central corneal thickness on estimates of the anterior chamber depth

Background: The slitlamp can be used to estimate the anterior chamber depth (ACD). The length of a slit object is increased until the corneal and iris/lens images appear to just touch. Multiplying the just‐touching‐slit‐length (JTSL) by a conversion factor gives an estimate of the ACD as measured by ultrasonography. The purpose of this study was to determine if central corneal thickness (CCT) affects the accuracy of this technique. Methods: The ACD of 50 subjects was measured by A‐scan ultrasonography and estimated by the slitlamp technique. CCT was measured by ultrasonic pachometry. The refractive error was determined subjectively. Results: The average ultrasonographic ACD for all subjects was 3.32 ± 0.65 mm. The average JTSL was 2.46 ± 0.38 mm. The conversion ratio between the ultrasonographic ACD and the average JTSL was 1.35. The predicted ACD using the regression equation of JTSL on the ultrasound anterior chamber depth (USACD) was 3.32 ± 0.54 mm. The corresponding value using the regression equation of JTSL and CCT on USACD was exactly the same, that is, 3.32 ± 0.54 mm. Conclusion: Incorporation of CCT into a regression equation does not improve the accuracy of the Smith technique.