Pulse pressure waveform estimation using distension profiling with contactless optical probe

The pulse pressure waveform has, for long, been known as a fundamental biomedical signal and its analysis is recognized as a non-invasive, simple, and resourceful technique for the assessment of arterial vessels condition observed in several diseases. In the current paper, waveforms from non-invasive optical probe that measures carotid artery distension profiles are compared with the waveforms of the pulse pressure acquired by intra-arterial catheter invasive measurement in the ascending aorta. Measurements were performed in a study population of 16 patients who had undergone cardiac catheterization. The hemodynamic parameters: area under the curve (AUC), the area during systole (AS) and the area during diastole (AD), their ratio (AD/AS) and the ejection time index (ETI), from invasive and non-invasive measurements were compared. The results show that the pressure waveforms obtained by the two methods are similar, with 13% of mean value of the root mean square error (RMSE). Moreover, the correlation coefficient demonstrates the strong correlation. The comparison between the AUCs allows the assessment of the differences between the phases of the cardiac cycle. In the systolic period the waveforms are almost equal, evidencing greatest clinical relevance during this period. Slight differences are found in diastole, probably due to the structural arterial differences. The optical probe has lower variability than the invasive system (13% vs 16%). This study validates the capability of acquiring the arterial pulse waveform with a non-invasive method, using a non-contact optical probe at the carotid site with residual differences from the aortic invasive measurements.     

高密度多孔聚乙烯人工泪管植入治疗外伤性泪道阻塞的疗效分析

目的观察内窥镜指导下高密度多孔聚乙烯（high-density Porous polyethylene,HDPP）人工泪管植入治疗外伤性泪道阻塞的疗效。方法外伤性泪小管离断患者12例（12只眼）,行高密度多孔聚乙烯人工泪管植入术,术后随访6-24个月,平均随访15个月。结果术后患者溢泪症状消失或明显改善,所有人工泪管均冲洗通畅,术后并发症包括人工泪管结膜侧管口中度肉芽增殖1例（8.3%）,管口周围结膜组织肥厚1例（8.3%）,局部不适感2例（16.6%）。结论 HDPP人工泪管植入手术能明显改善外伤性泪道阻塞患者的溢泪症状,术后无严重并发症,该手术安全有效。     

Lacrimal gland abscess in children: Two case reports and literature review

Acute suppurative bacterial dacryoadenitis (ASBD) with abscess formation is rarely seen in clinical practice. A retrospective review of medical records in the past 8 years identified two unilateral cases in children, one developed presumably after methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) conjunctivitis and the other due to community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) infection. Computerized tomography scans showed globe indentation by the enlarged lacrimal glands with rim-enhancing lesions. After failing to respond to intravenous antibiotics, both abscesses resolved promptly with surgical drainage without any long-term sequelae.     

37所医院消化内镜超声探头清洗消毒现况调查

目的 了解目前国内消化内镜超声探头的清洗消毒现状及存在的问题。方法 采用问卷调查的方式对全国范围内37所医院的消化内镜超声探头清洗和消毒灭菌情况进行调查。结果 70.27%的医院内镜超声探头数量为1~3条，奥林巴斯品牌最多（72.97%），48.65%的医院内镜中心每日使用探头的患者例数为0~5例；83.78%的医院采用专人清洗消毒内镜超声探头，人员主要以护理员为主（51.35%）；清洗方法以"酶洗-擦洗-擦干"为主（89.19%），清洗时间以>1 min为主（62.16%）；83.78%的医院内镜超声探头消毒方式为化学消毒剂浸泡，其中以邻苯二甲醛（70.27%）和全浸泡消毒（48.65%）为主；消毒时间以≥ 5 min为主（56.76%）；27.03%的医院对内镜超声探头进行灭菌，其中以"一用一灭菌"（21.62%）和过氧乙酸浸泡10 min（10.81%）为主；消毒灭菌后的内镜超声探头主要放置在内镜储存柜（56.76%）；78.38%的医院对当日拟使用的内镜超声探头进行再次消毒；56.76%的医院从未对消毒后的内镜超声探头进行消毒效果监测。结论 37所医院对内镜超声探头清洗和消毒灭菌情况存在一定差异，建议尽快制定内镜超声探头清洗消毒相关国家标准，规范内镜超声探头的清洗消毒流程。     

ELISA检测中全自动加样引起拖带假阳性现象的分析

目的：探讨ELISA检测中全自动加样引起拖带假阳性现象的原因以及所要采取的对策。方法别使用试剂检测筛查血液标本，然后根据检测试剂说明书的要求，在全自动样本处理系统控制微机上编辑程序，程序包括初检和复检。使用一次性探针和永久性探针的污染情况对比，再使用2种标本进行3孔复检，在进行判断是否为强阳性所引起的拖带污染现象。结果整个检测过程中，以HIV检测为例所检测的7324份血液检测中出现拖带假阳性现象的为2例，而2013年1月-2014年5月间共检测血液标本66085份，没有出现拖带假阳性现象。结论一次性加样探针的使用能够很好的减少甚至杜绝拖带假阳性污染现象的发生，在检测过程中由于不同的厂家的试剂有所区别，在设计加样参数时应该遵循科学合理的原则，检测仪器要定期进行检验维修，校准，同时对于血液标本要严格质量控制，提高检测的准确性和安全性，使得全自动检测设备的优势充分。     

Endoscopic aspects in diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease and motility disorders: Bravo,capsule, and functional lumen imaging probe

Catheter-based testing remains the current standard of practice for the diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease and esophageal motility abnormalities. Ambulatory pH testing and esophageal manometry have been in use for the past 40 years, but with the development of high-resolution manometry and multichannel intraluminal impedance testing, catheter-based testing has undergone significant recent technological improvement. Nonetheless, these tests continue to have limitations. In the case of ambulatory reflux testing, patient discomfort and limited activity remain significant problems. For esophageal manometry, methodological issues limit its ability to evaluate the function of the esophagogastric junction in normal and diseased states. In recent years, several new diagnostic tools have been developed to address the shortcomings of catheter-based testing. The wireless pH probe has been available for clinical use for more than 10 years, is better tolerated than catheter-based testing, and provides longer monitoring periods. Esophageal capsule endoscopy has undergone clinical evaluation for gastroesophageal reflux disease and Barrett esophagus with mixed results. Functional lumen imaging probe testing is a new technology that is still undergoing clinical evaluation but holds promise as a complimentary method for evaluating esophageal physiology, in particular esophagogastric junction function.     

Characterization of a Large Novel α-Globin Gene Cluster Deletion Causing α0-Thalassemia in a Chinese Family

We report a large novel α-globin cluster deletion that we named –?–^PG (NG_000006.1: g.93628_542759del450131), in a Chinese family. This large deletion is approximately 450?kb long, spanning from upstream of the PolR3k gene at the 5′ end to the RAB11FIP3 gene at the 3′ end of chromosome 16p13.3. This deletion removes all the globin distal regulatory elements as well as the whole α-globin gene cluster. Patients with heterozygous –?–^PG/αα had red blood cell (RBC) indices consistent with α-thalassemia (α-thal) trait, but no apparent increase in a cancer tendency or mental disability, microcephaly, relative hypertelorism, unusual facies or genital anomalies.