APA微囊包裹的牙髓干细胞成牙本质作用的研究

目的:观察海藻酸钠-多聚赖氨酸-海藻酸钠(APA)微囊包裹的牙髓干细胞移植在Scid小鼠腹腔内后成牙本质的作用,探讨APA作为牙齿组织工程支架材料的可行性。方法:用APA微囊包裹第二代人牙髓干细胞,植入Scid鼠腹腔内,植入6周后取材,通过检测被APA微囊包裹的牙髓干细胞是否表达牙本质基质特异性蛋白,观察牙本质形成情况。结果:APA微囊包裹的牙髓干细胞在植入6周后可以检测到特异性牙本质基质蛋白-牙本质涎磷蛋白的形成。结论:用APA作为支架材料,采用组织工程方法包裹的牙髓干细胞可以形成牙本质基质,牙髓干细胞和APA用于组织工程牙本质的构建具有广阔前景。     

绵毛酸模叶蓼的生药学研究

目的：对药用植物绵毛酸模叶蓼的组织形态进行鉴别。方法：采集原植物，对该植物进行植物学及生药学的鉴定。结果：绵毛酸模叶蓼的生药学特征明显：其叶横切面具草酸钙簇晶层，主脉雏管柬分为四柬，粉末中有众多的草酸钙簇晶、非腺毛等特征。结论：上述特征可作为绵毛酸模叶蓼的质量标准制定的参考依据。     

组织谐波成像技术在确定心内膜边界与评价室壁运动中的应用价值

目的：探讨组织谐波成像技术（ＴＨＩ）在显像困难患者的心内膜边界确定和室壁运动评分中的应用价值。方法：６０例因肥胖、肺气过多及高龄原因所致常仙超声显像不满意患者,按标准１６节段进行基波和组织谐波状态下心内膜边界勾画和室壁运动评分分析。结果：谐波状态下心内膜边界评分在全部节段中７１％得到改善,其中包括２９％节段从不能勾画或勾画不良改善为显像较清晰或良好。室壁运动评分在１０８／９６０个节段中更改。结论：     

超长段尿道狭窄术后勃起功能的评估

目的 探讨自体组织替代治疗超长段尿道狭窄对勃起功能的影响.方法 回顾性分析2007年1月至2009年1月采用不同自体组织补片(阴囊纵隔、包皮内板、口腔黏膜)Onlay术式替代治疗超长段男性尿道狭窄患者的临床资料,并随访患者ⅡEF-5评分、QOL评分及最大尿流率,并与术前相应情况进行分析.结果 根据研究标准收集23份有效数据.患者术前及术后3、6、12个月QOL评分分别为5.22±0.75、1.22±1.40、1.82±1.17、2.07±0.46,最大尿流率分别为(3.93±3.62)、(22.46±4.65)、(23.81±6.22)、(21.52±7.44)ml/s,术后不同时期均较术前明显改善(P＜0.01).术前及术后3、6、12个月ⅡEF-5评分分别为14.47±9.55、14.70±5.32、14.26±3.29和14.58±3.62,组间比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).9例狭窄部位累及至后尿道者术后3、6、12个月ⅡEF-5评分分别为11.67±2.59、12.35±1.83、13.19±1.67,14例单纯前尿道狭窄者分别为17.79±6.42、16.57±4.78、16.01±3.85,2组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).狭窄累及后尿道患者多元线性回归分析中,年龄、受伤时间及尿道狭窄段长度与替代术后ⅡEF-5评分呈多元线性相关.结论 自体组织替代治疗男性超长段尿道狭窄对勃起功能影响不明显;狭窄段累及后尿道时可能对患者勃起功能产生一定影响.患者年龄和受伤时间对勃起功能有协同影响作用.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effect of substitutive reconstruction of long urethral stricture on male erectile function. Methods From January 2007 to January 2009, 23 patients with anterior or posterior long urethral stricture were accepted for a variety of onlay substitutive procedures, including lingual mucosa, perputial skin, and mid-scrotal skin. During the follow-up, data from the International Index of Erectile Function-5 (ⅡEF-5) questionnaire and the Quality of Life (QOL) questionnaire as well as maximal flow rate were recorded. All data were compared with those obtained before surgery. Results Significant improvement in QOL (1.22 ± 1.40, 1.82 ± 1. 17,2.07± 0.46) and maximal flow rate (22.46± 4.65, 23.81 ± 6.22, 21.52 ±7.44 ) could be observed 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery compared with those before surgery (5. 22 ± 0. 75, 3. 93 ± 3. 62)(P＜0.01). No significant differences in the responses to the ⅡEF-5 questionnaire were observed among all patients during the follow-up (P＞0. 05). At the 3, 6 and 12 months after procedure,scores of ⅡEF-5 in patients with anterior urethral stricture ( 17.79 ± 6.42, 16. 57 ± 4. 78, 16.01 ±3.85) were significantly higher than those with posterior urethral stricture (11.67 ± 2.59, 12.35 ±1.83,13. 19±1.67, P＜0.05). In patients with posterior urethral stricture, the multiple linear regression showed that age, time interval of injury and length of stricture were related to the ⅡEF-5score (P＜0.05). Conclusions Substitutive reconstruction for treating the long urethral stricture has little effect on male erectile function. But the location of stricture, especially extended to posterior urethra, may have impact on the erectile function.     

A Novel Model of Urinary Tract Differentiation,Tissue Regeneration,and Disease: Reprogramming Human Prostate and Bladder Cells into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Background

Primary culture and animal and cell-line models of prostate and bladder development have limitations in describing human biology, and novel strategies that describe the full spectrum of differentiation from foetal through to ageing tissue are required. Recent advances in biology demonstrate that direct reprogramming of somatic cells into pluripotent embryonic stem cell (ESC)-like cells is possible. These cells, termed induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), could theoretically generate adult prostate and bladder tissue, providing an alternative strategy to study differentiation.

Objective

To generate human iPSCs derived from normal, ageing, human prostate (Pro-iPSC), and urinary tract (UT-iPSC) tissue and to assess their capacity for lineage-directed differentiation.

Design, setting, and participants

Prostate and urinary tract stroma were transduced with POU class 5 homeobox 1 (POU5F1; formerly OCT4), SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 2 (SOX2), Kruppel-like factor 4 (gut) (KLF4), and v-myc myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog (avian) (MYC, formerly C-MYC) genes to generate iPSCs.

Outcome measurements and statistical analysis

The potential for differentiation into prostate and bladder lineages was compared with classical skin-derived iPSCs. The student t test was used.

Results and limitations

Successful reprogramming of prostate tissue into Pro-iPSCs and bladder and ureter into UT-iPSCs was demonstrated by characteristic ESC morphology, marker expression, and functional pluripotency in generating all three germ-layer lineages. In contrast to conventional skin-derived iPSCs, Pro-iPSCs showed a vastly increased ability to generate prostate epithelial-specific differentiation, as characterised by androgen receptor and prostate-specific antigen induction. Similarly, UT-iPSCs were shown to be more efficient than skin-derived iPSCs in undergoing bladder differentiation as demonstrated by expression of urothelial-specific markers: uroplakins, claudins, and cytokeratin; and stromal smooth muscle markers: α-smooth-muscle actin, calponin, and desmin. These disparities are likely to represent epigenetic differences between individual iPSC lines and highlight the importance of organ-specific iPSCs for tissue-specific studies.

Conclusions

IPSCs provide an exciting new model to characterise mechanisms regulating prostate and bladder differentiation and to develop novel approaches to disease modelling. Regeneration of bladder cells also provides an exceptional opportunity for translational tissue engineering.     

视网膜静脉微穿刺治疗视网膜静脉阻塞的实验研究

目的：探讨视网膜静脉微穿刺介入治疗视网膜静脉阻塞的技术方法、并发症及其处理措施,观察疗效。方法：利用自行研制的超显微手术系统,实现活体视网膜静脉微穿刺;采和光动力学方法建立视网膜静脉阻塞动物模型,在阻塞的视网膜静脉内注入溶栓剂tPA,观察溶栓效果和术中、术后视网膜及其血管改变。结果：超显微手术系统能够实现稳定的视网膜血管微穿刺,并向血管内持续注药。在视网膜静脉血栓形成早期,该方法能使血栓迅速溶解脱落,疏通血管,恢复静脉血流。病理结果显示,视网膜静脉微穿刺介入溶栓后,不但能够逆转视网膜静脉阻塞的 病理改变,而且对视网膜及其血管无明显损伤。结论：视网膜静脉微穿刺,注入溶栓可能为视网膜静脉阻塞早期治疗提供一条新途径。该技术的不断完善,不仅可望用于视网膜静脉阻塞的治疗,而且还可用于清除视网膜下出血、视网膜组织活检、视网膜肿瘤介入治疗以及视网膜细胞移植等操作精度较高的手术。     

Ki-67、P27在GCB及non-GCB弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤中的表达及意义

目的:探讨Ki-67、P27在GCB及non-GCB型弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)中的表达及意义。方法:收集60例DLBCL及19例淋巴结反应性增生组织,并制作其组织芯片,采用免疫组化对DLBCL进行生发中心样B细胞(germinal center B cell-like,GCB)和非生发中心样B细胞(non-GCB)免疫表型分类,同时检测Ki-67及P27蛋白的表达。结果:(1)60例DLBCL中GCB类型29例(48.3%),non-GCB类型31例(51.7%)。(2)Ki-67及P27蛋白的表达在DLBCL中GCB及non-GCB亚型中差异均有显著性意义(均P<0.05)。(3)在DLBCL中Ki-67及P27蛋白表达呈负相关(r=0.449,P<0.05)。结论:Ki-67及P27的表达可能与DLBCL免疫学分型有关,non-GCB中,Ki-67高表达,P27蛋白低表达。     

Toxicokinetics of fumonisin B1 in turkey poults and tissue persistence after exposure to a diet containing the maximum European tolerance for fumonisins in avian feeds

The kinetic of fumonisin B1 (FB1) after a single IV and oral dose, and FB1 persistence in tissue were investigated in turkey poults by HPLC after purification of samples on columns. After IV administration (single-dose: 10mg FB1/kg bw), serum concentration-time curves were best described by a three-compartment open model. Elimination half-life and mean residence time of FB1 were 85 and 52min, respectively. After oral administration (single-dose: 100mg FB1/kg bw) bioavailability was 3.2%; elimination half-life and mean residence time were 214 and 408min, respectively. Clearance of FB1 was 7.6 and 7.5ml/min/kg for IV and oral administration, respectively. Twenty-four hours after the administration of FB1 by the intravenous route, liver and kidney contained the highest levels of FB1 in tissues, level in muscle was low or below the limit of detection (LD, 13mug/kg). The persistence of FB1 in tissue was also studied after administration for 9 weeks of a feed that contained 5, 10 and 20mg FB1+FB2/kg diet. Eight hours after the last intake of 20mg FB1+FB2/kg feed (maximum recommended concentration of fumonisins established by the EU for avian feed), hepatic and renal FB1 concentrations were 119 and 22mug/kg, level in muscles was below the LD.     

丙溴磷对家兔组织中血管内皮活性物质的影响

目的　探讨丙溴磷对组织中血管内皮活性物质的影响及意义。方法　对不同染毒剂量、不同染毒时间家兔进行了全血胆碱酯酶 (ChE)活力 ,以及大脑、肝和肾组织中的内皮素 (ET)、一氧化氮 (NO)浓度的测定。结果　与染毒前和对照组比较 ,染毒后家兔全血ChE活力显著下降 (P <0 0 1) ;染毒后家兔组织中ET浓度 [( 9 2 1～ 12 65 )pg ml]较染毒前 [( 7 98～ 10 2 5 )pg ml]有明显增高趋势 ,而染毒后NO浓度 [( 10 3 8～ 17 3 6)nmol ml]较染毒前 [( 15 44～ 2 5 64 )nmol ml]有明显下降趋势 (P <0 0 5 ,P <0 0 1) ,且随染毒时间延长变化更明显。结论　丙溴磷所致的血管内皮活性物质的紊乱 ,可能是丙溴磷抑制ChE活力以外的毒性表现     

Inhibitory effect of a spicamycin derivative,KRN5500, on the growth of hepatic metastasis of human colon cancer-producing tissue polypeptide antigen

 The inhibitory effect of KRN5500, a spicamycin derivative, on the growth of hepatic metastasis of the tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA)-producing human colon cancer COL-1 was examined in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. Prior to this chemotherapeutic study, we confirmed the high correlation coefficient (r=0.86, P<0.01) between plasma TPA levels in athymic nude mice bearing COL-1 and tumor volume. In the chemotherapy of experimental hepatic metastasis induced by intrasplenic injection of COL-1 cells, KRN5500 at 12 mg/kg per day was administered i.v. three times at 4-day intervals. From the start of chemotherapy (day 1), plasma TPA levels in the mice were significantly decreased from 8332 U/l to a minimum of 494 U/l on day 16 and were within the range for intact SCID mice (409–634 U/l). The mean tumor weight was 4.87 g in the liver of untreated mice on day 19 and 0.74 g, in the liver of KRN5500-treated mice, a significant difference, representing a tumor growth inhibition rate of 85%. These results suggest the usefulness of TPA as a tumor marker in an experimental xenograft model. The chemotherapeutic efficacy of KRN5500 against experimental hepatic metastasis indicates that it may be a useful drug for the treatment of patients with hepatic metastases of colon cancer. Received: 26 June 1995/accepted: 6 December 1995