假性胰腺囊肿的内窥镜治疗

目的 探讨假性胰腺囊肿内窥镜治疗的适应证、手术效果、并发症及优缺点。方法 对假性胰腺囊肿内窥镜治疗的相关文献进行综述。结果 内窥镜技术具有创伤小、操作方便、可反复进行等特点，其适应证正不断扩大．除内窥镜治疗失败、囊肿合并并发症和多发性囊肿时考虑外科手术外，其他情况下假性胰腺囊肿的治疗可考虑内窥镜优先的策略。结论 假性胰腺囊肿的治疗应根据囊肿大小、数量、解剖学部位及有无并发症等综合因素实行个体化原则。     

Carbamazepine Side Effects in Children and Adults

Summary: Most of the side effects associated with carbamazepine (Tegretol^®, USP, Geigy Pharmaceuticals) therapy are mild, transient, and reversible with an adjustment in dosage or rate of dosage increase. Direct reports to Geigy Pharmaceuticals for the period 1975 to 1986 totaled 371 hematologic, 396 dermatologic, and 156 hepatic and pancreatic occurrences out of more than 4 million patients treated. These include 27 cases of aplastic anemia and 10 of agranulocytosis. In a study of the incidence of side effects in 220 children below the age of 16 years who were receiving carbamazepine, drowsiness, loss of coordination, and vertigo were the most commonly observed side effects and were almost always transient and dose related. The findings of this study are comparable with those of other series assessing carbam-azepine-associated adverse reactions in children and adults. Overall, 30 to 50% of children and adults were reportedly free of side effects in these studies. Recommendations for carbamazepine therapy include education of patients and parents in the nature and likelihood of possible serious adverse reactions and routine monitoring to detect laboratory abnormalities.     

Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and iodine-131 whole-body scintigraphy in the follow-up of differentiated thyroid cancer

Metastases of differentiated thyroid cancer may show different uptake patterns for fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose and [¹³¹I]NaI. FDG positron emission tomography (PET), iodine-131 whole-body scintigraphy (¹³¹I WBS) and magnetic resonance imaging were performed in 58 unselected patients, and spiral computed tomography (CT) of the lung in 25 patients. Thirty-eight patients presented with papillary carcinomas, 15 patients with follicular carcinomas and five patients with variants of follicular carcinoma. Primary tumour stage (pT) was pT1 in 3, pT2 in 19, pT3 in 11 and pT4 in 25 cases. For the detection of metastases, FDG PET was found to have a sensitivity of 50%, ¹³¹I WBS a sensitivity of 61%, and the two methods combined a sensitivity of 86%. When FDG PET was limited to patients with elevated thyroglobulin (Tg) levels and negative ¹³¹I WBS, the sensitivity of this algorithm was 82%. Of the 21 patients with lymph node metastases, seven presented with FDG uptake but no iodine uptake. In four of them, a second FDG hot spot appeared in a lymph node metastasis of normal size. Five of the seven patients underwent surgery. None of the eight patients with pulmonary metastases smaller than 1 cm exhibited FDG uptake, while five of them had iodine uptake. All had positive results on spiral CT. In conclusion, FDG PET cannot be substituted for ¹³¹I WBS. If the Tg level is elevated and ¹³¹I WBS is negative, FDG PET can be used to detect lymph node metastases and complements anatomical imaging. A spiral CT of the lung is useful to exclude pulmonary metastases before planning a dissection of iodine-negative lymph node metastases. Received 2 May and in revised form 8 July 1997     

不同针刺手法调节体温效应机制研究概况

目的:介绍近年不同的针刺手法对体表温度调节效应的研究,并探讨其产生体温效应的机制。方法:从临床研究、实验研究等方面进行综述。结论:针刺穴位的作用及其疗效,随着手法引起的温度变化而不同,针刺补法引起体温升高,而泻法则引起体温下降。体表温度是由血液循环状态、交感神经兴奋程度和组织新陈代谢状态等多方面决定的,不同的针刺手法引起的皮肤温度变化与影响上述3个环节状态有关。     

10-羟基喜树碱对HepG2体外生长及其小鼠肾包膜下移植瘤的影响

目的　探讨 10 羟基喜树碱 (HCPT)对人肝癌细胞HepG2体外生长及其小鼠肾包膜下移植瘤的影响。方法　用 10 HCPT处理HepG2细胞 ,四甲基偶氮唑蓝 (MTT )法检测其生长指数 (GI) ,软琼脂克隆形成试验检测其克隆形成率 ;建立HepG2小鼠肾包膜下移植瘤模型 ,每天腹腔注射 10 HCPT ,第 6天处死动物 ,测量瘤块体积。结果　 10～ 3 60mg/L浓度 10 HCPT处理组HepG2细胞GI分别为 84.72 %～ 47.65 % ,与对照组比较明显降低 (P <0 .0 5 )。 90～ 3 60mg/L 10 HCPT处理组HepG2软琼脂克隆形成率分别为 3 8.80 %～ 2 5 .2 0 % ,与对照组比较亦明显降低 (P <0 .0 1) ,两者均具有量效依赖关系。 3× 10 -3 ～ 9× 10 -3 mg/3 0 g剂量 10 HCPT处理组小鼠肾包膜移植瘤体积分别为 2 .93～ 1.88mm3 ,与对照组比较明显缩小 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　 10 HCPT对HepG2的体外生长及其小鼠肾包膜移植瘤均具有明显抑制作用。     

急性非结石性胆囊炎病因和手术时机探讨

目的 探讨急性非结石性胆囊炎(ACC)发病原因和手术时机。方法 回顾性总结22例接受手术治疗的ACC病例，分析术前、术中影像学及术后病理检查结果。结果 22例中有9例(40．9％)发现胆固醇息肉、颗粒，或结晶。术中见胆囊穿孔5例(22．7％)。2例在胆总管内发现漂浮的微小结石。结论 胆囊内未被发现的微小结石可能是ACC发病的主要原因，ACC穿孔率高，应早期手术治疗。     

枢椎齿突骨折的治疗进展

枢椎齿突骨折是一种累及寰枢椎区稳定性的严重损伤 ,人们对它的认识是不断变化和深入的。近年来 ,出现了很多新的治疗观念和方法 ,作者对此作一综述     

镁对急性心肌梗塞的治疗作用

本文报道了镁剂治疗急性心肌梗塞的疗效，结果表明：镁能有效地控制急性心肌梗塞病人的心律失常，能明显改善心功能不全的临床表现，缓解胸痛发作及减少再梗塞的发生，镁剂治疗急性心肌梗塞疗效显著。     

一种拥有自主知识产权的国产可膨胀阴茎假体

勃起功能障碍是常见的男性疾病，部分ED患者在非手术治疗无效后，最终将植入阴茎假体进行治疗，且可获得满意的效果。本文简述这种疾病现状及其治疗方法，介绍一种拥有自主知识产权的国产阴茎假体的特征及其临床应用情况。     

腰椎间盘突出症CT诊断与三维瞬间牵引

目的 :探讨腰椎间盘突出症的 CT表观及三维瞬间牵引的治疗效果。材料与方法 :回顾分析经 CT及临床诊断为腰椎间盘突出症病例 16 7例的临床及 CT资料。结果 :16 7例腰椎间盘突出症表现为单个或多个椎间盘的突出 ,硬脊膜囊、硬膜外间隙及神经根受压等征象。经三维瞬间牵引后 6 5例 (38.9% )症状有不同程度缓解 ,其中 94例 (5 6 .3% )症状完全消失。结论 :CT是腰椎间盘突出症的有效诊断手段之一