Stage migration and therapy modification after thoracoscopic internal mammary lymph node dissection in breast cancer patients

Although internal mammary lymph node (IMN) status is a major prognostic factor in breast cancer, it is not routinely assessed. To evaluate the impact of IMN status on staging and treatment of breast cancer, we enrolled 50 consecutive patients with inner or central tumors who received IMN dissection by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) after breast surgery. Of the 50 patients, 20 (40%) had IMN metastases. Of the 20 patients, 6 (12%) were upstaged from N0 to N2b and 5 (10%), 3 (6%) and 6 patients (12%) were upstaged from N1a, N2a, and N3a, respectively, to N3b. Because of the upstaging, 6 patients (12%) with only IMN metastases received more aggressive adjuvant chemotherapy. Because the whole IMN chain was removed in all patients, radiotherapy on IMN field was not required in our cohort independent of IMN status. In conclusion, VATS IMN dissection might lead to stage migration and therapy modification.     

隐匿性血管损伤的临床特点与诊疗策略

目的 探讨临床骨科中隐匿性血管损伤的临床特点、诊断与治疗,以期提高对此类损伤的认识和临床诊治效率.方法 2003年3月至2010年10月共收治649例血管损伤患者,其中隐匿性血管损伤50例(7.7%),男42例,女8例;年龄13～66岁,平均34.0岁.血管损伤类型:静脉损伤1例,动脉损伤42例,动、静脉同时损伤7例.根据张英泽等提出的肢体动脉编码和损伤分型:A型14例,B型20例,C型16例.初始损伤至诊断时间平均为43.4 d(2～337 d),表现为肢体缺血、骨筋膜室综合征、血肿或假性动脉瘤、出血、神绛受压等征象.辅助检查包括:彩色多普勒超声17例,CT血管造影7例,X线血管造影25例.手术治疗43例,包括血管修补、直接吻合、自体静脉移植、结扎及截肢,其中2例术后行血液滤过治疗;内科治疗3例;介入栓塞治疗4例.结果 4例患者截肢后伤口愈合良好,无并发症发生;其余46例患者出院时患肢皮肤温度、颜色均恢复正常,远端动脉搏动存在,平均随访6.7个月(1～42个月),患肢血运良好.结论临床工作中的隐匿性血管损伤并非少见,其临床表现具有延迟出现、多种多样及不典型的特点.诊断方法应优先选择血管造影.治疗以手术为主,酌情采用血管内介入治疗和血液滤过治疗.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of insidious vascular injuries in orthopaedic cases. Methods Between March 2003 and October 2010, we treated 649 cases of orthopedic and vascular injuries, 50 (7. 7% ) of which were identified as insidious injuries. They were 42 men and 8 women, aged from 13 to 66 years (average, 34. 0 years). The insidious injury affected the vein in one case, the artery in 42 cases and both in 7 cases. The vascular injuries were categorized as type A (14 cases), type B (20 cases) and type C (16 cases) according to the classification system proposed by Zhang Ying-ze. The diagnoses were made after an average of 43. 4 days from primary injuries, with the assistance of color Doppler ultrasound in 17 cases, CT angiography in 7 and X-ray angiography in 25. Clinical manifestations included limb ischemia, compartment syndrome, hematoma or pseudoaneurysm, hemorrhage and nerve entrapment. Forty-three patients were treated by a variety of surgical options, such as angiorrhaphy, anastomosis, transplantation of autogenous venous graft, ligation and amputation. Among them, hemofiltration was performed in 2 cases as adjuvant therapy. Endovascular embolization was performed in 4 cases and conservative treatment in the other 3. Results Forty-six patients had their limbs salvaged, with normal temperature and color of the skin and existence of distal arterial pulses at discharge from hospital. The other 4 patients had to sustain amputation. An average follow-up of 6. 7 months (from one to 42 months) revealed that all the affected limbs regained normal blood circulation. Conclusions The insidious presentations and atypical clinical manifestations make diagnosis of insidious vascular injury very difficult. We recommend angiography as the first step in diagnosis. Surgical approaches should be considered as the main treatment choice, and hemopurification can be used as adjuvant therapy if necessary. In some cases, endovascular intervention may be faster and safer.     

5-氨基酮戊酸光动力疗法（ALA-PDT）治疗老年面部Bowen病的疗效观察

目的：观察5-氨基酮戊酸光动力疗法（ALA-PDT）治疗老年面部Bowen病的疗效和美容效果。方法：对10例年龄大于65岁、患高血压、糖尿病或不愿手术治疗的Bowen病患者面部皮损进行ALA-PDT治疗。结果：10例Bowen病患者的18个皮损获得完全缓解,1例复发,复发率10%。结论：对老年面部Bowen病,ALA-PDT是一种痛苦小、疗效好、无瘢痕形成、复发率低、美容效果好的治疗方法。     

胎盘部位滋养细胞肿瘤保留生育功能的治疗

目的探讨胎盘部位滋养细胞肿瘤（PSTT）保留生育功能治疗的方法并分析其结局。方法对1999年1月至2008年10月在本院行保留生育功能治疗的5例PSTT进行回顾性分析。结果3例病理大体类型为结节息肉型,行诊刮加联合化疗有效;2例肿块型行开腹子宫病灶切除术加联合化疗有效。平均随诊47．2个月,均完全缓解（CR）无复发,月经均恢复正常。1例已成功妊娠,现宫内孕6月余。结论PSTT患者年龄〈35岁,有保留生育功能的要求,病变局限于子宫,除外子宫多发病灶（病理除外弥漫浸润型）,病理未显示不良预后因素者可试行保留生育功能的治疗。     

腹腔镜手术后肩痛的原因及防治

腔镜术后患者发生肩痛的机制尚不完全明确,推测其发生的可能机制包括：碳酸对膈神经的直接刺激;气腹所导致的膈肌损伤和后续的炎症反应。发生肩痛的危险因素主要与手术时患者的体位、充气速度、手术时间、手术的类型、有无盆腔粘连、有无腹腔积血积液及个体因素相关。主要防治措施有充分排出腹腔内残余的CO2,膈神经区域阻滞,减少膈肌的损伤及非甾体抗炎药物（NSAID）的全面应用等。以上各种防治方法都存在不足,并有导致并发症发生的可能。腔镜术后发生肩痛尚有待进一步研究以明确其机制并获得简单可靠的治疗。     

脊柱原始神经外胚叶肿瘤的诊断与治疗

目的 总结脊柱原始神经外胚叶肿瘤(primitive neuroectodermal tumor,PNET)的诊断和治疗经验.方法 回顾性分析1999年至2009年收治的PNET患者共13例,男8例,女5例.年龄4～43岁,平均(26.9±11.1)岁.肿瘤累及颈椎6例,腰椎5例,胸椎1例,骶椎1例.9例为手术后依据病...     

甲状腺乳头状微小癌124例的治疗和预后分析

目的 探讨甲状腺乳头状微小癌的治疗和预后.方法 回顾性分析1990年1月1日-1999年12月31日间在中山大学肿瘤防治中心头颈科接受治疗的124例甲状腺乳头状微小癌的临床和随访资料,对其进行Kaplan-Meier法单因素分析和Cox比例模型多因素分析.结果 124例甲状腺乳头状微小癌患者10年和15年生存率分别为94.9%、92.5%;单因素分析提示首诊时年龄≥35岁、有远处转移显著影响甲状腺乳头状微小癌患者的预后(均P＜0.05).而性别、是否为术中偶然发现、原发癌灶大小、淋巴结转移、是否为术后复发、手术范围等与患者预后无显著相关;多因素分析发现患者年龄≥35岁是影响甲状腺乳头状微小癌预后的独立因素(P=0.045).结论 甲状腺乳头状微小癌患者预后较好,但年龄≥35岁或有远处转移者预后较差.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the treatment and prognosis of patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma. Methods The clinical and following-up data of 124 patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma treated at the Department of Head and Neck Surgery of Cancer Centre, SUN Yat-sen University from Jan 1990 to Dec 1999 were analyzed retrospectively for mortality and survival rate ( KaplanMeier). A multivariate analysis was performed in these patients by Cox proportional hazard model. Results The overall 10-year and 15-year survival rate of all 124 patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma were 94.9% and 92.5% respectively. The univariate analysis showed the prognostic factors significantly influencing the survival of patients included age (being worse for those of 35 years and older) at presentation, and the status of distant metastasis ( all P ＜ 0. 05 ) , while gender, incidentally found at surgery, the size of primary tumor, the status of neck lymph node metastasis, recurrence after a primary resection, and the extent of surgical resection did not significantly effect the prognosis. Multivariate analysis showed the age more than 35 years at presentation was an independent risk factor indicating worse prognosis (P = 0. 045 ). Conclusioas The prognosis of patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma is satisfactory, but that is poor for those patients 35 years old and up at presentation and with distant metastasis.     

幼年型强直性脊柱炎5例诊治分析

幼年型强直性脊柱炎（Juvenile ankylosing spondylitis）不同于成人型强直性脊柱炎的脊柱椎间盘、纤维环韧带骨化融合和骶髂关节破坏,而主要表现为髋膝等外周大关节不对称性破坏所致的反复发作性肿痛,而腰背部及骶髂关节痛不明显。     

医源性胆管损伤的诊治体会

目的探讨手术中胆管损伤后即时手术和再次手术处理的方法。方法回顾性分析1984年5月-2003年11月经作者手术或参与手术21例的临床资料。结果术中即时发现并处理6例。其中，成功4例，术后狭窄再次手术治愈1例，处理结果不满意1例。术后处理15例，均择期行胆肠吻合治愈。结论术中处理结果与损伤程度和胆管横径大小密切相关。术后因各种原因导致胆管狭窄者应行胆管空肠吻合术。