联体解剖型钛板在髋臼后壁粉碎性骨折中的应用

目的探讨联体解剖型钛板内固定治疗髋臼后壁粉碎性骨折的临床疗效。方法自2013-05—2014-09采用联体解剖型钛板内固定治疗21例髋臼后壁粉碎性骨折(联体解剖板组),与自2010-01—2013-04采用重建钢板治疗的32例髋臼后壁粉碎性骨折的临床资料(重建板组)进行比较。结果联体解剖板组均获平均9.8(6~12)个月随访,本组手术时间(60±12.5)min,术中出血量(150±37.5)ml。末次随访髋关节功能按改良Merle d'Aubingne-Postel评分优良率85.7%。重建板组均获平均11.4(8~17)个月随访,本组手术时间(103±25.5)min,出血量(260±95.5)ml,髋关节功能按改良Merle d'Aubingne-Postel评分优良率84.4%。联体解剖板组手术时间(t=2.970,P0.05)、术中出血量(t=5.847,P0.05)均少于重建板,差异有统计学意义。2组治疗效果的优良率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论采用联体解剖板固定治疗髋臼后壁粉碎性骨折能够获得与重建板相同的临床效果,且其手术时间、术中出血量较少,手术操作难度较低。     

PFNA与ALP内固定治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折的临床疗效比较

目的探讨股骨近端防旋髓内钉(PFNA)与股骨近端解剖型锁定钢板(ALP)2种内固定治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效。方法回顾性分析自2010-01—2013-01诊治的71例股骨粗隆间骨折,分为PFNA组和ALP组,分别记录手术切口长度、手术时间、术中出血量、术后失血量、术后下地负重时间、骨折愈合时间以及术后1年的髋关节功能Harris评分等。结果 71例均获得随访12~24(16.8±2.6)个月。在手术切口长度、手术时间、术中出血量、术后失血量、术后负重时间及术后并发症、骨折愈合时间等方面,PFNA组优于ALP组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);PFNA组随访期间未发现感染、内固定物松动、断裂、股骨头颈切割及髋内翻等与手术相关的并发症,ALP组则出现1例股骨头颈切割、髋内翻2例,2组相比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。在髋关节功能Harris评分方面,2组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论PFNA治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折比ALP具有创伤小、出血少、固定牢靠、骨折愈合时间短等优点。     

间断式Arch钢板固定在单开门颈椎管成形术中的应用

正2010年2月~2012年8月,我科对21例脊髓型颈椎病患者进行颈后路单开门时,采用Arch钢板行颈椎管成形术,间断式固定C_(3,5,7)或C_(3,6),疗效满意,报道如下。1材料与方法1.1病例资料本组21例,男17例,女4例,年龄44~81岁。临床症状主要表现为上下肢双侧或单侧无力、麻木,出现痉挛步态、踩棉花感以及胸部束带感,有8例患者出现括约肌功能障碍、尿潴     

Experimental study of the participation of the vertebral endplate in the integration of bone grafts

The surgical technique of anterior vertebral arthrodesis has been modified by the introduction of cages in spinal surgery. The classical technique recommends removal of the vertebral endplate and exposure of bleeding cancellous bone. However, after the observation of cage subsidence during postoperative follow-up, the vertebral endplate is no longer removed, due to its greater mechanical resistance which can prevent cage subsidence. The mechanical characteristics of the vertebral endplate are well known, in contrast to its osteogenic potential, which was investigated in the present experimental study. The study was conducted on mongrel dogs of both sexes, which were submitted to anterior corpectomy at the cervical spine level. A cortico-cancellous bone graft removed from the tibia was used for the reconstruction of the vertebral segment, which was used with osteosynthesis plates. At the site of contact between the surface of the vertebral body and the bone graft, the vertebral endplate was completely removed and cancellous bone was exposed in the inferior vertebra, whereas in the superior vertebra of the arthrodesed vertebral segment only curettage was performed, and the vertebral endplate was preserved, as recommended for cage implantation. Twenty adult dogs of both sexes were divided into four experimental groups according to time of sacrifice (15, 30, 90, and 180 days). The consolidation of the bone graft with the vertebral body was evaluated by histology using hematoxilin-eosin and Gomori trichrome staining. In the interface between the bone graft and the vertebral body surface in which the vertebral endplate was not removed, graft consolidation was not observed in any of the group I animals (sacrificed after 15 days), and was observed in 1/5 animals of group II (30 days), in 2/5 animals of group III (90 days), and in 4/5 animals of group IV (180 days). In the interface between the graft and the vertebral body in which the vertebral endplate was removed, bone-graft consolidation was observed in all animals of all experimental groups (15, 30, 90, and 180 days). Bone-graft consolidation with the surface of the vertebral body was influenced by the removal or maintenance of the vertebral endplate. Due to the importance of this structure in current surgical procedures, this phenomenon deserves to be studied in more detail in order to understand the basic events involved in this process.Research carried out in the Department of Biomechanics, Medicine and Rehabilitation of the Locomotor Apparatus, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14048-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.     

前外侧锁定钢板固定治疗胫骨平台后外侧骨折临床分析

目的对比分析前外侧入路和后外侧入路锁定钢板固定治疗胫骨平台后外侧骨折的临床疗效。方法笔者选取2011年1月~2014年4月收治的胫骨平台后外侧骨折患者80例,分为前外侧入路切开复位内固定组(前外侧组)和后外侧入路切开复位内固定组(后外侧组)。前外侧组40例,Schatzker分型:Ⅳ型9例,Ⅴ型22例,Ⅵ型9例;后外侧组40例,Schatzker分型:Ⅳ型10例,Ⅴ型20例,Ⅵ型10例。对比两组患者手术前后的胫骨平台内翻角(TPA)、后倾角(PA)、膝关节活动度和美国纽约特种外科医院(HSS)评分。同时对比两组患者术后临床疗效。结果两组患者术后的TPA、内侧PA和外侧PA均显著低于术前(P0.05);前外侧组术后的TPA、内侧PA和外侧PA均显著低于后外侧组(P0.05)。两组患者术后的膝关节屈曲度、膝关节伸直度和HSS评分均显著高于治疗前(P0.05);前外侧组术后的膝关节屈曲度、膝关节伸直度和HSS评分均显著高于后外侧组(P0.05)。前外侧组的优良率显著高于后外侧组,χ2=4.0897,P=0.04310.05。结论前外侧入路锁定钢板固定治疗胫骨平台后外侧骨折可以保护后外侧骨折块,取得良好的临床疗效。     

前路植骨融合带锁钢板内固定治疗颈椎外伤性滑脱

[目的]探讨应用前路植骨融合带锁钢板内固定技术治疗颈椎外伤性滑脱(TSCS)。[方法]24例TSCS，新鲜损伤19例，陈旧性损伤5例。采用颈椎牵引复位后颈前路植骨融合及带锁钢板内固定术进行治疗，术后颈围外固定至融合。[结果]随访10～32个月，平均18个月，24例植骨块与上下椎体融合。无钛板松动移位、断裂。所有患者颈部疼痛和上肢放射痛症状消失或基本缓解。合并颈髓损伤的15例按ASIA分级均有不同程度恢复。[结论]前路植骨融合带锁钢板内固定可重建颈椎即刻稳定性，有效防止继发性脊髓损伤，是治疗1’scs安全可靠的治疗方法。     

延期内固定手术治疗复杂胫骨平台骨折

目的探讨延期内固定手术治疗复杂胫骨平台骨折的优越性、可行性和手术时机。方法自1999年1月至2003年12月，共收治复杂胫骨平台骨折56例。按照Schatzker分类法Ⅳ型10例，Ⅴ型31例，Ⅵ型15例。本组病例均先行骨牵引，伤后3周行手术切开复位及支持钢板内固定治疗，术后早期CPM功能锻炼。结果本组56例获得随访，随访时间为1～4a、平均2．5a。所有病例术后均恢复了患肢的正常力线，患膝稳定。骨折复位满意，在6个月内完全愈合。无1例发生神经血管损伤及切口深部感染等并发症。56例中有38例解剖复位，按Sanders膝关节疗效评分法评定结果为优19例，良13例。可6例；18例非解剖复位，其疗效评定为优8例，良7例，可3例。总优良率为83．9％，两组之间比较差异无显著性意义（Wilcoxon检验，P〉0．05）。结论延期手术治疗复杂胫骨平台骨折有利于骨折复位或整复塌陷关节面及内固定，从而恢复下肢整体力线及维持膝关节的稳定性，便于术后进行早期功能锻炼，患肢功能恢复好，并发症少。     

解剖型钢板在肱骨外科颈骨折中的应用

目的 探讨解削型钢板治疗肱骨外科颈骨折的临床应用效果。方法应用解剖型钢板治疗肱骨外科颈骨折15例,根据Neer分类法,Neer三部分骨折9例,Neer四部分骨折6例。结果15例均获得随访,时间4～24个月,平均11．4个月,根据术后肩关节功能恢复Neer评分法：优11例,良3例,差1例。结论 解剖型钢板是治疗肱骨外科颈骨折较理想的方法。     

链式钢板改制钩钢板治疗肩锁关节脱位

目的观察链式钢板改制钩钢板后内固定治疗肩锁关节脱位的效果.方法按改良Rockwood分类,Ⅲ型以上肩锁关节脱位6例,均采用链式钢板改制的钩钢板内固定.结果改制的钩钢板符合锁骨"S"状外形,钩部分插入尖峰下端,对肩袖的影响较小,固定后肩关节极度外展时与肱骨头不发生撞击,对正常生理结构干扰极少,术后不用外固定,利于肩关节的早期功能锻炼.随访9个月～3年,按JOA评分标准,90～95分5例,80～89分1例.综合评价优良.结论链式钢板改制钩钢板取材容易,治疗肩锁关节脱位固定确切,操作简单,疗效可靠.     

Y形钢板治疗跟骨关节内骨折分析

[目的]分析使用开放复位Y形钢板内固定治疗跟骨关节内骨折的治疗方法和疗效。[方法]自2002年3月-2004年12月，对38例43足累及距下关节的跟骨骨折行开放复位Y形钢板内固定治疗。[结果]36例4l足获随访6个月-3a（平均20个月），按Maryland足部评分系统评价术后功能，优16足，良22足，优良率为93％。[结论]开放复位Y形钢板内固定能使骨折解剖复位，病人能早期进行功能锻炼，是治疗跟骨关节内骨折较好的方法。