白内障术后眼内炎药物预防研究进展

白内障术后眼内炎是一种少见但破坏性极大的并发症。预防眼内炎的方式多种多样,其中术前应用聚维酮碘（povidone iodine,PVI）,术毕前房注射抗生素如万古霉素、头孢呋辛和氟喹诺酮类药物,以及围手术期局部抗生素应用是预防眼内炎的主要方式。本文就白内障术后眼内炎的流行病学、危险因素、致病因素及药物预防的研究进展作一综述。     

Unique presentations of aspergillosis endogenous endophthalmitis in two hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19

We present two ICU-hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) presenting with endogenous endophthalmitis in one eye and variable manifestations of chorioretinitis in the fellow eye. Two diabetic patients (57 and 62 years old) showed anterior uveitis and yellowish-white subretinal infiltrations. The fellow eye of one patient showed patches of choroiditis, while the other showed full retinal thickness infiltrations. A workup yielded high serum titers of galactomannan, diagnostic of aspergillosis. The widespread use of high doses of corticosteroids in the management of COVID-19 may predispose to various secondary fungal opportunistic infections and may manifest in different forms of chorioretinal infiltration.     

玻璃体切除联合两性霉素B脂质体球内注射治疗真菌性眼内炎

目的:探讨玻璃体切除联合两性霉素B脂质体眼内注药治疗真菌性眼内炎的疗效。方法:对34例(34眼)真菌性眼内炎采取玻璃体切除联合眼内注药治疗进行回顾性研究,观察其疗效。结果:34眼中有30眼视力均较术前提高,3例给予两性霉素B脂质体5μg两次前房注射,4眼感染复发行眼内容物摘出。结论:真菌性眼内炎的预后不佳。早期行玻璃体切除联合两性霉素B脂质体眼内注药,可挽救部分视力,是目前治疗真菌性眼内炎有效方法。     

Spectrum of signs,symptoms, and treatment in amphotericin B–resistant Trichosporon endophthalmitis: A series of ten cases of post–cataract surgery cluster endophthalmitis

Purpose:The aim of this study was to present the signs, symptoms, management, and outcome of a series of cases of cluster endophthalmitis caused by a multi-drug resistant fungus, Trichosporon.Methods:This was a retrospective, non-randomized, consecutive interventional case series. Ten cases of postoperative endophthalmitis operated by a surgeon on three consecutive operation theater (OT) days presented 3–5 months after their surgery. All cases were microbiologically confirmed. The pathogen was found to be resistant to most antifungals, including amphotericin B. The cases had a latent period of around 45 days. Management of endophthalmitis included intravitreal injections, anterior chamber (AC) lavage, Pars Plana vitrectomy (PPV), posterior capsulotomy, IOL, and capsular bag removal. Multiple intravitreal injections were required due to recurrence of infections after initial improvement with voriconazole injections.Results:Structural integrity was maintained and infection-free status was achieved in all the eyes. The presenting vision ranged from 6/60 to PL (perception of light). Seven out of 10 had improvement in their final vision over the presenting vision. Final outcome of four patients had vision of 6/24 or better, 4 patients had vision in the range of 2/60 to 6/36 and 2 patients had PL.Conclusion:Trichosporon can cause devasting infections even in the immunocompetent, especially in association with implants and catheters. Triazoles form the mainstay of treatment of Trichosporon infection due to the high susceptibility of the organism in vitro. A regimen including voriconazole and amphotericin B may prove to be the most effective. This is the first report of an outbreak of cluster endophthalmitis caused by Trichosporon.     

Fluoroquinolone resistance in bacterial isolates from ocular infections: Trend in antibiotic susceptibility patterns between 2005-2020

Purpose:To assess the fluoroquinolone resistance pattern and trends among bacterial isolates from ocular infections over a 16-year period and explore alternative antibiotics in fluoroquinolone-resistant strains.Methods:In this retrospective, longitudinal study, the microbiology laboratory records of patients with different ocular infections diagnosed at an eye institute in central India from 2005–2020 were reviewed to determine the pattern of fluoroquinolone (ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, gatifloxacin, and moxifloxacin) resistance. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done using the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method.Results:In 725 Gram-positive bacteria, the resistance of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, gatifloxacin, and moxifloxacin was 55.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 52.2 – 59.6), 42.7% (95% CI: 39.0 – 46.4), 47.6% (95% CI: 43.9 – 51.3), and 45.6% (95% CI: 41.7–49.5), respectively. In 266 Gram-negative bacteria, the resistance of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, gatifloxacin, and moxifloxacin was 57.9% (95% CI: 51.9 – 63.9), 56.0% (95% CI: 49.7 – 62.1), 59.9% (95% CI: 53.8 – 66.0), and 74.3% (95% CI: 68.3 – 80.2), respectively. A declining trend in resistance to ciprofloxacin (P < 0.001), ofloxacin (P < 0.001), and moxifloxacin (P < 0.001) was seen in Gram-positive bacteria, whereas a reduction in resistance to only moxifloxacin (P = 0.04) was seen in Gram-negative bacteria. In fluoroquinolone-resistant Gram-positive bacteria, cefuroxime exhibited the highest susceptibility, whereas in fluoroquinolone-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, colistin exhibited the highest susceptibility.Conclusion:Fluoroquinolone resistance was high among bacteria from ocular infections in central India, but a declining trend in resistance to some of the fluoroquinolones was observed in recent times. Cefuroxime and colistin emerged as alternatives in fluoroquinolone-resistant Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial infections, respectively.     

Fundus findings in patients admitted with post COVID-19 sepsis in an intensive care unit

Purpose:COVID-19 infection is being increasingly identified as a risk factor for the development of ocular infections, especially endogenous endophthalmitis. Current studies primarily report cases among survivors, and the overall prevalence, especially amongst patients admitted with active sepsis is unknown. We report on the fundus and systemic findings of inpatients who were being treated for post-COVID-19 systemic secondary infections in a tertiary intensive care unit.Methods:Retrospective observational study based on chart review.Results:A total of 24 patients were identified. These included 21 (87.5%) males and 3 (12.5%) females with ages ranging from 33 to 72 years (mean 54.1 years). Pre-existing risk factors included type 2 diabetes mellitus, systemic hypertension, chronic kidney disease, multiple myeloma, and patients on long-term corticosteroid/immunosuppressive treatment. Nine patients (37.5%) died and 15 (62.5%) survived. Of a total of 48 eyes, observed fundus lesions included endogenous endophthalmitis (4 eyes of 2 patients, 8.3%), preretinal hemorrhages (4 eyes of 2 patients, 8.3%), optic disc pallor (2 eyes of 1 patient, 4.1%), moderate non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (4 eyes of 2 patients, 8.3%), Roth spots (2 eyes of 1 patient, 4.1%), and 2 eyes of 1 patient (4.1%) with evidence of previous pan-retinal photocoagulation.Conclusion:Two patients had evidence of endogenous endophthalmitis. These findings suggest that the actual incidence of ocular lesions, especially infections is higher than that reported. Fundus examination should form a part of the management protocol for patients being treated for post-COVID-19 systemic infections.     

玻璃体切割治疗外伤性眼内炎的效果

目的观察玻璃体切割手术治疗外伤性眼内炎的临床效果。方法回顾分析2001年2月~2003年8月在我院行玻璃体切割手术治疗的外伤性眼内炎病人18例的临床资料。结果所有病人炎症得到控制,17例术后视力不变或有不同程度的提高,1例眼球萎缩,无1例眼球摘除。结论玻璃体切割手术是治疗外伤性眼内炎的有效方法,手术越早,疗效越好。     

白内障术后感染性眼内炎药物治疗进展

白内障术后感染性眼内炎是一种极具破坏性的并发症,对于可疑眼内炎或诊断明确的患者都应给予及时的治疗,包括药物治疗和手术治疗。药物治疗在眼内炎的治疗中起到了相当重要的作用。笔者对白内障术后感染性眼内炎的发病率、发病因素及致病菌进行分析,详细阐述了该疾病的药物治疗的进展,包括抗菌药物(抗生素及抗真菌药物)、激素及散瞳药物等的应用和给药途径的选择。     

二代测序技术在外源性眼内炎患者病原微生物检测中的应用

目的 探讨二代测序技术在外源性眼内炎患者病原微生物检测中的应用.方法 对2018年11月至2019年11月于武汉大学人民医院眼科中心就诊的21例(21眼)外源性眼内炎患者的临床特征和病原学结果进行分析.眼外伤史14例,内眼手术史7例.所有患者入院时均已完善相关检查并接受手术,术中尽可能清除前房及玻璃体内脓性病灶,并留存...     

Effect of cefuroxime intracameral injection antibiotic prophylactic on postoperative endophthalmitis wound post-cataract: A meta-analysis

To assess the impact of cefuroxime injection of intracameral prophylaxis antibiotic on after endophthalmitis operative wound following surgery of cataract, we conducted a meta-analysis. A thorough review of the literature up to July 2022 revealed that there were 1 167 197 participants with surgery of cataract at the start of the research; 1 004 425 of these subjects received an injection of intracameral of cefuroxime, while 162 772 did not get an antibiotic as a control. Using dichotomous approaches and a random or fixed-effect model, odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated to evaluate the impact of cefuroxime injection of intracameral prophylaxis antibiotic on after endophthalmitis operative wound following surgery of cataract. When comparing no antibiotic in participants who had surgery of cataract, the cefuroxime injection of intracameral significantly reduced the after endophthalmitis operative wound (OR, 0.14; 95% CI, 0.07–0.29, P = 0.001) with high heterogeneity (I2 = 95%). When comparing participants who received no antibiotic after surgery of cataract, the after endophthalmitis operative wound from the cefuroxime injection of intracameral was considerably lower. Although none of the 22 studies encompassed in the meta-analysis had a study with a small sample size, it is nevertheless advisable to proceed with caution when analysing the results.