Etiology of individual differences in reading performance: A test of sex limitation

To test the hypothesis that the etiology of individual differences in reading performance differs in males and females, reading performance data from twin pairs tested in the Colorado Learning Disabilities Research Center were fitted to structural equation models of sex limitation. The sample included 513 pairs of twins in which at least one member of each pair has a positive school history of reading problems [228 monozygotic (MZ), 176 same-sex dizygotic (DZ), and 109 opposite-sex DZ pairs] and 302 matched control pairs [148 MZ, 98 same-sex DZ, and 56 opposite-sex DZ pairs]. Estimates of the genetic correlation between performance in males and females were obtained by analysis of data from both same-sex and opposite-sex twin pairs (Neale and Cardon, 1992). The full model fit the data well ²=17,74, df=16,p=0.340), and the resulting genetic parameter estimates were highly similar in males and females in both the proband and the control samples. The correlations between genetic influences in males and females do not differ among groups (change in ²=0.95, df=1,p0.25), and the resulting pooled estimate is about .5. Thus, results of this analysis suggest that the etiology of individual differences in reading performance may differ to some extent in males and females.     

Ultracytochemical studies of the blood-meningeal barrier (BMB) in rat spinal cord

Summary Alkaline phosphatase(AP),5-nucleotidase(5N) and nucleoside diphosphatase (NDPase) activities were studied by cytochemical methods applied to light and electron microscopy in the microvasculature of spinal cord leptomeningeal strips of normal and protamine sulfate (PS) treated rats. The increased permeability to intravenously injected horseradish peroxidase was observed in some segments of microvessels of PS treated rats. Enhanced formation of plasmalemmal pits and deep invaginations, formation of numerous pinocytic vesicles and the appearance of channel-like structures in the cytoplasm of endothelial cells were the most striking ultrastructural evidence of increased permeability of the affected microvessels. All of these structures also showed activity of AP, and to lesser extent, of NDPase; 5N activity was mainly associated with the delimiting membranes of pinocytic vesicles. Our data present evidence that a shift of enzymatic activity from luminal to abluminal surface of affected endothelial cells results from membrane flow accompanying increased transport activity via formation of pinocytic vesicles and channel-like structures.Supported in part by a grant from NINCDS No. 17271-01Visiting scientist from the Neurological Institute of the University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria     

吸入沙美特罗替卡松联合特异性脱敏防治支气管哮喘的研究

目的观察吸入沙美特罗替卡松联合特异性脱敏防治支气管哮喘的疗效。方法常见变应原皮内试验,根据试验结果,行特异性脱敏,阶梯式吸入沙美特罗替卡松干粉剂,峰速仪监测PEFam值,疗程1年。结果临床控制率80% ,显效率88% ,总有效率100%。结论特异性脱敏联合吸入沙美特罗替卡松可有效的防治支气管哮喘。     

前列腺特异性抗原在87例前列腺肿块病因分析中的应用

目的 对87例前列腺肿块进行病因分析，指导临床治疗。方法 应用血清免疫学及B型超声波对87例前列腺肿块患者进行分类筛选及试验性治疗，动态分析血清PSA变化以明确病因。结果 87例患者中急慢性细菌性前列腺炎43例，BPH及BPH合并慢性炎症28例，前列腺癌16例。结论 B—US结合血清PSA动态检测及抗菌试验性治疗基本可以鉴别出前列腺肿块的病因并指导临床治疗。     

重型脑出血临床并发症的护理研究

目的 研究原发性重型脑出血临床特殊并发症的护理管理与病死率关系。方法 分析251例重型脑出血患者主要临床特殊并发症及生命体征。结果 患者主要并发症为：肺部及尿路感染、心肾功能损害、上消化道出血、呼吸衰竭、脑疝、电解质紊乱及症状性癫痫等。经严密监护及治疗，生存187例（74．5％），死亡64例（25．5％）。结论 对重型脑出血患者经采取有效的治疗和严密监护管理，可大大减少各种特殊并发症的发生，明显的降低其病死率。     

整体教学法在大学英语阅读教学中的运用

大学阅读教学在英语习得中占举足轻重的地位,在大学英语阅读教学中引入整体性教学法可以有效地提高学生的阅读水平,本文从教师、学生和阅读技巧等方面阐述了整体性教学法在大学英语阅读教学中的作用,并提出一些具体方法。     

The challenge of pain assessment in children with cognitive disabilities: Features and clinical applicability of different observational tools

Children with cognitive disabilities are at greater risk of experiencing pain. It has been shown that this paediatric population often receive inadequate pain management. Pain may be very difficult to assess, especially in a defined subgroup with non‐communicating intellectual disability or severe cognitive disability. Accordingly, several observational pain assessment tools have been proposed to overcome this issue. Due to the absence of an ideal measurement tool, accurate pain assessment requires, after a case‐by‐case analysis, selecting the more appropriate tool or a variety of combined instruments. The aim of this work is to provide a comprehensive review of the pain assessment tools commonly used in cognitively impaired children. Critical discussion on features and clinical applicability may suggest how to overcome this difficult challenge. Furthermore, this review will help further research aiming to design new instruments and to improve already‐in‐use tools.     

血清总免疫球蛋白E和特异性免疫球蛋白E联合检测在小儿喘息性疾病诊断中的应用价值

目的：研究血清总免疫球蛋白E(tIgE)和特异性免疫球蛋白E(sIgE)联合检测在小儿喘息性疾病诊断中的应用价值。方法选择2011年9月~2014年9月本院收治的60例喘息性疾病患儿作为观察组,选取同期体检健康的30例小儿作为对照组,观察组患儿均已经过临床实验检测诊断证实为喘息性疾病。采用酶联免疫法检测两组儿童的血清tIgE、sIgE水平,并将相应结果进行比较。结果观察组患儿的tIgE、sIgE水平分别为(501±219)U/ml、(3450±1240)U/L,显著高于对照组相应水平,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);60例患儿中,65%(36/60)患儿的血清免疫球蛋白偏高,45%(27/60)有变态反应症状;单独采用tIgE检测的灵敏度为67%,单独采用sIgE检测的灵敏度为65%,两者联合检测的灵敏度为78%,ROC曲线下面积为89.25。结论小儿喘息性疾病与免疫球蛋白水平具有密切的关系,采用血清tIgE和sIgE联合检测可以显著提高小儿喘息性疾病的检出率,值得临床推广应用。     

Neural representation of phonological information during Chinese character reading

Previous studies have revealed that phonological processing of Chinese characters elicited activation in the left prefrontal cortex, bilateral parietal cortex, and occipitotemporal regions. However, it is controversial what role the left middle frontal gyrus plays in Chinese character reading, and whether the core regions (e.g., the left superior temporal gyrus and supramarginal gyrus) for phonological processing of alphabetic languages are also involved in Chinese character reading. To address these questions, the present study used both univariate and multivariate analysis (i.e., representational similarity analysis, RSA) to explore neural representations of phonological information during Chinese character reading. Participants were scanned while performing a reading aloud task. Univariate activation analysis revealed a widely distributed network for word reading, including the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, lateral temporal cortex, and occipitotemporal cortex. More importantly, RSA showed that the left prefrontal (i.e., the left middle frontal gyrus and left inferior frontal gyrus) and bilateral occipitotemporal areas (i.e., the left inferior and middle temporal gyrus and bilateral fusiform gyrus) represented phonological information of Chinese characters. These results confirmed the importance of the left middle frontal gyrus and regions in ventral pathway in representing phonological information of Chinese characters.     

氯化甲基汞染毒对大鼠后代发育的影响

目的探讨甲基汞对雄性大鼠生殖功能的影响和通过父系传播对后代的影响。方法将20只Wistar雄性大鼠随机分为4组,分别给予0、0．058、0．580、1．170mg／kg体重的氯化甲基汞,以隔日经口灌胃的方式染毒,持续染毒2个月后,将其与健康雌性大鼠交配,观察仔鼠的生长发育与神经行为发育情况。结果1．170、0．580mg／kg组仔鼠体重低于对照组,其早期生长发育指标落后于对照组仔鼠;染毒组仔鼠转体时间延长、前肢悬挂时间缩短,与对照组相比,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。观察组仔鼠平面翻正、断崖回避、空中翻正的正确率与对照组相比,也明显降低（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）。结论雄鼠甲基汞染毒后,可以影响仔鼠的生长发育和神经行为发育。