Reconstruction of Large Area of Deep Wound in the Foot and Ankle with Chimeric Anterolateral Thigh Perforator Flap

ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical application and surgical efficacy of the chimeric perforator flap pedicled with the descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery and the lateral thigh muscle flap for the reconstruction of the large area of deep wound in foot and ankle.MethodsClinical data of 32 cases who underwent chimeric anterolateral thigh perforator flap to repair the large area of deep wound of the foot and ankle from January 2015 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The sizes of the defects ranged from 18 cm × 10 cm to 35 cm × 20 cm, with exposed tendon and bone and/or partial defects and necrosis, contaminations, accompanied by different degrees of infection. Following the radical debridement and VSD, chimeric anterolateral thigh perforator flap was employed to repair the deep wounds according to the position, site and deep‐tissue injury of the soft‐tissue defects. The skin flap and muscle flap were fanned out on the wound, and single‐ or two‐staged split‐thickness skin grafting was performed on the muscle flap. The operation time and blood loss were recorded. The survival and healing conditions of the operational site with chimeric anterolateral thigh perforator flap were evaluated post‐operationally. Complications at both recipient site and donor site were carefully recorded.ResultsThe mean time of the operation was 325.5 min and average blood loss was 424.8 mL. Among the 32 cases, two cases developed vascular crisis, which were alleviated with intensive investigation and treatment; Four cases suffered from partial necrosis of the flap or skin graft on the muscle flap or on the residual local wound, which were improved after treatment of further dressing change and skin grafting. Another four cases experienced post‐traumatic osteomyelitis accompanied by bone defect were treated with simple bone grafting or Mesquelet bone grafting at 6–8 months after wound healing. Postoperatively, the wounds were properly healed, and the infection was effectively controlled without sinus tract forming. Overall, all 32 cases received satisfactory efficacy, without influencing subsequent functional reconstruction, and observed infection during the 12–36 months post‐operational follow‐up.ConclusionThe chimeric perforator flap pedicled with the descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery and the lateral thigh muscle flap provides an effective and relative safe procedure for the repair of a large area of deep wound in the foot and ankle, particularly with irregular defect or deep dead space.     

Alterations in the Solitary Tract Nucleus of the Rat Following Perinatal Food Restriction and Subsequent Nutritional Rehabilitation

Abstract

Newborn of altricial species maintain functional gustatory communication with the mother because the neural substrate and the capacity to discriminate and promote gustofacial responses are already operating. Because little is known about the effects of perinatal food restriction upon gustatory neuronal brain stem structures, we characterized neuronal Golgi-Cox alterations of the solitary tract rostral portion (NSTr) where gustatory information is known to convey in neonatal Wistar rats. Pre-and neonatally undernourished rats exhibited a general reduction in the number and extension of distal dendrites particularly in small neurons but little effect upon perikarya measurements of the NSTr neuronal population. By contrast, in nutritional and sensory rehabilitated rats the number of distal dendrites increased, although the dendritic extensions were less affected compared to perinatally underfed and control subjects. The data indicate that perinatal food restriction interferes with the NSTr dendritic arbor organization, while nutritional and sensorial rehabilitation given by normally lactating dams induced plastic changes presumably modifying the integrative processes underlying early taste discriminative capabilities. Moreover, since perinatal food restriction is a powerful stressor influence and the NST forms a part of a complex system underlying adaptive stress responses, the neuronal alterations observed here may be partly due to this noxious perinatal influence.     

Hypothalamic Corticotropin-Releasing Factor is Centrally Involved in Learning Under Moderate Stress

The corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) neuropeptide is found to have a pivotal role in the regulation of the behavioral and neuroendocrine responses to stressful challenges. Here, we studied the involvement of the hypothalamic CRF in learning under stressful conditions. We have used a site-specific viral approach to knockdown (KD) CRF expression in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN). The two-way shuttle avoidance (TWSA) task was chosen to assess learning and memory under stressful conditions. Control animals learned to shuttle from one side to the other to avoid electrical foot shock by responding to a tone. Novel object and social recognition tasks were used to assess memory under less stressful conditions. KD of PVN-CRF expression decreased the number of avoidance responses in a TWSA session under moderate (0.8 mA), but not strong (1.5 mA), stimulus intensity compared to control rats. On the other hand, KD of PVN-CRF had no effect on memory performance in the less stressful novel object or social recognition tasks. Interestingly, basal or stress-induced corticosterone levels in CRF KD rats were not significantly different from controls. Taken together, the data suggest that the observed impairment was not a result of alteration in HPA axis activity, but rather due to reduced PVN-CRF activity on other brain areas. We propose that hypothalamic CRF is centrally involved in learning under moderate stressful challenge. Under ‘basal'' (less stressful) conditions or when the intensity of the stress is more demanding, central CRF ceases to be the determinant factor, as was indicated by performances in the TWSA with higher stimulus intensity or in the less stressful tasks of object and social recognition.     

Noradrenergic Synaptic Function in the Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis Varies in Animal Models of Anxiety and Addiction

Lewis rats show increased anxiety-like behaviors and drug consumption compared with Sprague-Dawley rats. Prior work suggests norepinephrine (NE) signaling in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) could have a role in mediating these phenotypes. Here, we investigated NE content and dynamics in the ventral BNST (vBNST) using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry in these two rat strains. We found that NE release evoked by electrical stimulus and its subsequent uptake was dysregulated in the more anxious Lewis rats. Because addiction is a multifaceted disease influenced by both genetic and environmental factors, we hypothesized NE dynamics would vary in these strains after the induction of a physical dependence on morphine. Following naloxone-precipitated morphine withdrawal, NE release and uptake dynamics were not changed in Lewis rats but were significantly altered in Sprague-Dawley rats. The alterations in Sprague-Dawley rats were accompanied by an increase in anxiety-like behavior in those animals as measured with the elevated plus maze. These studies suggest novel mechanisms involved in the development of affective disorders, and highlight the noradrenergic system in the vBNST as a common substrate for the manifestation of pathological anxiety and addiction.     

Neuronal Responses in the Globus Pallidus during Subthalamic Nucleus Electrical Stimulation in Normal and Parkinson's Disease Model Rats

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) has been widely used as a treatment for the movement disturbances caused by Parkinson''s disease (PD). Despite successful application of DBS, its mechanism of therapeutic effect is not clearly understood. Because PD results from the degeneration of dopamine neurons that affect the basal ganglia (BG) network, investigation of neuronal responses of BG neurons during STN DBS can provide informative insights for the understanding of the mechanism of therapeutic effect. However, it is difficult to observe neuronal activity during DBS because of large stimulation artifacts. Here, we report the observation of neuronal activities of the globus pallidus (GP) in normal and PD model rats during electrical stimulation of the STN. A custom artifact removal technique was devised to enable monitoring of neural activity during stimulation. We investigated how GP neurons responded to STN stimulation at various stimulation frequencies (10, 50, 90 and 130 Hz). It was observed that activities of GP neurons were modulated by stimulation frequency of the STN and significantly inhibited by high frequency stimulation above 50 Hz. These findings suggest that GP neuronal activity is effectively modulated by STN stimulation and strongly dependent on the frequency of stimulation.     

正畸治疗对成年女性颊部丰满度影响的初步研究

目的 了解正畸治疗对于成年女性颊部丰满度的影响.方法 对40例成年女性正畸患者治疗前后的正面像和侧面像进行“掩盖法”处理,通过小组主观评价颊部丰满度(1～10分).结果 1.专业医师与普通人群对颊部丰满度的评价无统计学差异.2.正畸治疗后患者颊部丰满度较治疗前下降0.53(P＜0.05).3.拔牙和非拔牙病例治疗后颊部丰满度均下降,二者治疗后颊部丰满度之间无统计学差异.结论 正畸治疗后成年女性患者颊部丰满度下降,拔牙与非拔牙病例治疗后颊部丰满度相似.     

软衬式赝复体修复单侧上颌骨缺损的疗效分析

目的探讨应用软衬式赝复体修复单侧上颌骨缺损的临床效果。 方法以2010年9月至2014年9月北京大学深圳医院口腔科收治的16例单侧上颌骨缺损的患者为研究对象,制作软衬式赝复体修复上颌骨缺损部分。分别测量患者术后戴入赝复体前和戴入赝复体1个月后的咀嚼效率和语音清晰度值。 结果单侧上颌骨缺损应用赝复体修复1个月后,咀嚼效率与语音清晰度值差异有统计学意义(t_咀嚼效率=-2.33,P_咀嚼效率=0.034;t_{语音清晰度}=-2.49,P_{语音清晰度}=0.029)。 结论软衬式赝复体修复单侧上颌骨缺损可以取得良好的修复效果。     

负压引流治疗软组织缺损感染创面效果观察

目的探讨负压封闭引流(VSD)对四肢软组织缺损感染创面的治疗效果。方法回顾性分析我院2009年3月至2010年6月收治的30例软组织缺损感染的病历资料,术前彻底清创后全部给予VSD负压吸引,待肉芽新鲜后,经直接缝合、游离植皮或中厚皮片移植修复创面。结果 30例患者创面全部愈合,感染均被控制,无并发症发生。结论 VSD治疗软组织缺损感染,能促进肉芽组织生长,减轻或预防创面感染,有利于创面愈合,操作简便,利于推广。     

股前外侧分叶肌皮瓣移植修复四肢软组织缺损10例围术期护理

目的:探讨应用股前外侧分叶肌皮瓣修复四肢软组织缺损创面的护理方法.方法:对10例四肢软组织缺损患者行股前外侧分叶肌皮瓣移植修复,并给予精心围术期护理.结果:本组10例皮瓣全部存活,随访12～36个月,供区无明显功能障碍,受区功能较满意.结论:股前外侧分叶肌皮瓣移植修复四肢软组织缺损可取得满意疗效,围术期精心护理可促进患者恢复.