Effect of Essential Oil on Patients with Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of essential oil treatment for type Ⅲ chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome(CP/CPPS). Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted from December 2014 to October 2015. Seventy type Ⅲ CP/CPPS patients were assigned to the essential oil group(35 cases) or almond placebo oil control group(35 cases) by a random number table. The oil was smeared by self-massage on the suprapubic and sacral region once a day for 4 weeks. The National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Syndrome Index(NIH-CPSI) and expressed prostatic secretions(EPS) were examined. The primary outcome was NIH-CPSI pain domain. The secondary outcomes included other NIH-CPSI domains and laboratory examinations of EPS. Adverse events were also observed. Results: Sixty-six subjects completed the full 4-week treatment. There was no significant difference between almond oil control and essential oil groups in terms of the total score of NIH-CPSI, pain, quality of life and urination domain scores of NIH-CPSI and EPS examinations(P0.05). In the essential oil group, pain between rectum and testicles(perineum) in the domain of pain or discomfort was significantly reduced at week 2 and week 4 compared with almond oil control group(P0.01). No serious adverse events occurred. Conclusion: The essential oil may reduce the pain or discomfort in the perineum region in patients with CP/CPPS.     

维药神香草挥发油化学成分的研究

目的分析神香草药材中挥发油的化学组分。方法用气相色谱-质谱联用技术系统分析神香草中挥发油的成分,每一组分根据峰面积归一法计算其含量。结果共鉴定出36种成分,占总油量的96%,其中D-大叶香根烯的含量最高,达18.67%。结论D-大叶香根烯可作为同属植物鉴别的依据。     

Liquid Guayule Natural Rubber,a Sustainable Processing Aid,Enhances the Processability,Durability and Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Rubber Composites

Petroleum-based oils are widely used as processing aids in rubber composites to improve processability but can adversely affect rubber composite performance and increase carbon footprint. In this research, liquid guayule natural rubber (LGNR), produced from guayule natural rubber, was used as a renewable processing aid to replace naphthenic oil (NO) in Hevea natural rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) and guayule natural rubber (GNR) composites. The rheological properties, thermal stability, glass transition temperature, dynamic mechanical properties, aging, and ozone resistance of rubber composites with and without NO or LGNR were compared. Natural and synthetic rubber composites made with LGNR had similar processability to those made with NO, but had improved thermal stability, mechanical properties after aging, and ozone resistance. This was due to the strong LGNR–filler interaction and additional crosslinks formed between LGNR and the rubber matrices. The glass transition temperature of SBR composites was reduced by LGNR because of its increased molecular mobility. Thus, unlike NO, LGNR processing aid can simultaneously improve rubber composite durability, dynamic performance and renewability. The commercialization of LGNR has the potential to open a new sustainable processing-aid market.     

Schisandra chinensis essential oil attenuates acetaminophen-induced liver injury through alleviating oxidative stress and activating autophagy

ContextSchisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. (Magnoliaceae) essential oil (SCEO) composition is rich in lignans that are believed to perform protective effects in the liver.ObjectiveThis study investigates the effects of SCEO in the treatment of acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury in mice.Materials and methodsC57BL/6 mice (n = 56) were randomly divided into seven groups: normal; APAP (300 mg/kg); APAP plus bicyclol (200 mg/kg); APAP plus SCEO (0.25, 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg). Serum biochemical parameters for liver function, inflammatory factors, and antioxidant activities were determined. The protein expression levels of Nrf2, GCLC, GCLM, HO-1, p62, and LC3 were assessed by western blotting. Nrf2, GCLC, HO-1, p62, and LC3 mRNA were detected by real-time PCR.ResultsCompared to APAP overdose, SCEO (2 g/kg) pre-treatment reduced the serum levels of AST (79.4%), ALT (84.6%), TNF-α (57.3%), and IL-6 (53.0%). In addition, SCEO (2 g/kg) markedly suppressed cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) (15.4%) and attenuated the exhaustion of GSH (43.6%) and SOD (16.8%), and the accumulation of MDA (22.6%) in the liver, to inhibit the occurrence of oxidative stress. Moreover, hepatic tissues from our experiment revealed that SCEO pre-treatment mitigated liver injury caused by oxidative stress by increasing Nrf2, HO-1, and GCL. Additionally, SCEO activated autophagy, which upregulated hepatic LC3-II and decreased p62 in APAP overdose mice (p < 0.05).Discussion and conclusionsOur evidence demonstrated that SCEO protects hepatocytes from APAP-induced liver injury in vivo and the findings will provide a reliable theoretical basis for developing novel therapeutics.     

气相色谱法测定黑水缬草挥发油中乙酸龙脑酯的含量

目的建立黑水缬草挥发油中乙酸龙脑酯的含量测定方法。方法采用气相色谱法,萘为内标物,DB-l7毛细管柱,载气为氦气,电子轰击(EI)离子源检测器。结果在该色谱条件下,乙酸龙脑酯在进样量0.109 6~1.753 6μg范围内呈良好线性关系,r=0.999 6;乙酸龙脑酯的加样回收率为101.33%,RSD=1.79%。结论该法能准确测定黑水缬草挥发油中乙酸龙脑酯的含量。     

紫苏子油纳米乳的研制

目的研制紫苏子油纳米乳剂,并对其进行质量评价。方法绘制伪三元相图优选处方,考察制剂的形态、黏度、电导率、折光率、乳滴粒径分布及稳定性。结果以小麦胚芽油为油相,聚氧乙烯氢化蓖麻油(RH40)为表面活性剂的处方最佳,紫苏子油纳米乳在透射电镜下呈圆球形,黏度为(5.49±0.02)/mm2.s-1,电导率为316/ms-1,折光率为(1.124±0.00250),平均粒径为(50.3±1.1)nm,气相色谱法测定质量分数的平均回收率为98.9%,RSD为0.88%。结论纳米乳能提高紫苏子油的溶解度和稳定性,重现性好,是一种很好的药用基质。     

丹酚酸组分中各代表性成分药效贡献率的评价及其油水分配系数的整合表征

该实验利用人脐静脉内皮细胞氧化损伤实验、家兔体外凝血4项实验和大鼠心肌缺血实验相结合的方法比较了丹酚酸组分中3个代表性成分的药效活性的差异,并利用CRITIC权重法评价代表性成分的药效贡献率;结果得到丹酚酸组分中代表性成分丹酚酸B、迷迭香酸、丹参素的贡献率分别为28.85%,30.11%,41.04%。采用摇瓶法测定了丹酚酸组分在水以及不同p H缓冲液中的油水分配系数,进一步以质量权重系数和药效贡献率相结合的方法整合表征了该组分整体的油水分配系数,结果表明丹酚酸组分在正辛醇-水/p H 1.2的盐酸溶液/p H 2.0,2.5,5.0,5.8,6.8,7.4,7.8的磷酸盐缓冲液中表观油水分配系数0.32,1.06,0.89,0.98,0.90,0.13,0.02,0.20,0.56。该实验为组分整体性质的表征提供了一定的参考。     

基于黄酮成分吸收代谢的炙淫羊藿炮制机制研究

淫羊藿为传统补益类中药,经羊脂油炙后可增强温肾助阳的作用。以往文献对淫羊藿的炮制研究主要集中在化学成分变化和药理药效变化2个方面,本课题组创新性从黄酮成分吸收代谢角度,并基于活性成分转化-肠吸收屏障网络耦联作用研究炙淫羊藿的炮制机制。炙淫羊藿炮制作用分为炮制过程“热”和炮制辅料“羊脂油”的作用2个关键环节,课题组通过连续承担3项国家自然科学基金项目,从ADME角度着重阐明了炙淫羊藿炮制过程中“热”的作用与科学内涵,并首次提出基于“自组装胶束”体内形成机制阐述炮制辅料“羊脂油”的作用与增效机制。该文就课题组多年来对炙淫羊藿炮制机制的研究思路和成果进行总结,并对后续的研究方向和内容进行展望,以期为现代中药炮制机制研究提供新思路与新方法。     

炮制对肉豆蔻挥发油成分及肉豆蔻醚含量影响的研究

对肉豆蔻面裹煨、滑石粉烫和麦麸炒炮制品的挥发油进行了气相色谱分析,证明炮制前后挥发油主要化学成分相同,但各组分含量关系已发生变化。对肉豆蔻炮制前后毒性成分肉豆蔻醚含量变化研究表明,适宜的炮制条件可使肉豆蔻醚的含量明显降低。     

当归、枳壳挥发油HPLC指纹图谱的研究

目的:研究不同批次当归、枳壳药材经CO2超临界混合萃取的挥发油的指纹图谱,为科学评价和有效控制其质量提供实验依据.方法:采用高效液相色谱,条件为伊利特ODS 2 C18(4.6 mm ×250 mm,5μm)色谱柱,乙腈-水为流动相,梯度洗脱,柱温30℃,流速1.0 mL·min-1,检测波长325 nm.结果:建立了11个不同批次的当归、枳壳混合提取挥发油的指纹图谱,以蒿本内酯峰为参照峰,共标定了13个共有峰,利用化学对照品指认了其中2个色谱峰;该指纹图谱可鉴别当归、枳壳经水蒸汽蒸馏法得的挥发油.结论:方法准确可靠,可用于控制淫藤骨痹康方中的挥发油的质量.