栀子、首乌对小鼠卡介苗炎症诱导抑郁模型的抗抑郁作用的实验研究

目的腹腔注射卡介苗（BCG）,建立炎症相关抑郁模型,明确栀子、首乌对炎症诱导抑郁模型的抗抑郁作用和机制。方法小鼠腹腔注射卡介苗200 mg.kg-1,吗氯贝胺组和栀子首乌组同时分别给予吗氯贝胺75 mg.kg-1和栀子首乌500 mg.kg-1水溶液灌胃,观察药物对动物体重、自主活动和强迫游泳实验中不动时间的影响。同时,使用ELISA法检测脑组织吲哚胺-23,-过氧化酶（IDO）和N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体（NMDAR1）含量。结果与模型组比较,栀子首乌药不能对抗BCG引起的小鼠体重下降（P〉0.05）,对小鼠的自主活动没有明显影响（P〉0.05）,但能明显缩短BCG模型小鼠强迫游泳不动时间（P〈0.05）,同时降低了脑组织中IDO和NMDAR1含量（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。结论 BCG腹腔注射能引起动物抑郁样行为,栀子、首乌选择性增加小鼠不动时间,显示出一定的抗抑郁作用,其作用机制与抑制IDO活性减少五羟色胺（5-HT）代谢,下调NMDAR1减轻神经元毒性损伤有关。     

Changes in left ventricular preload and contractility following severe burns in the dog

Summary To examine the effects of severe burns on preload and left ventricular (LV) contractility, we continuously measured LV pressures and dimensions in severely burned dogs throughout the early part of the postburn period. Hemodynamic parameters, including cardiac output (CO), mean aortic pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), LV pressures and their first derivatives (dP/dt), and the LV regional dimension, were measured and compared before and every 30 min after burns were produced (up to 360 min) in four groups: group A (n=7), dogs with sham burns; group B (n=5), dogs with nonresuscitated full-thickness burns involving 50% of the total body surface area; group C (n=6), dogs with burns resuscitated with lactated Ringer's solution at 4 ml × kg × % burn/24 h; and group D (n=6), dogs with burns resuscitated with 1.5% dextran in lactated Ringer's solution at 2 ml × kg × % burn/24 h. From these measurements, we obtained the LV end-diastolic segment length (EDL) as an index of preload and three indices of cardiac contractility, i.e., peak dP/dt, the percentage of shortening (%L), and mean V_cf. Our results showed that CO, MAP, and preload (i.e., EDL) decreased significantly more in the three burn groups (groups B, C, and D) than in the sham burn group, but that there were no significant differences in CO, MAP, and EDL among the three burn groups. The three indices of contractility also decreased significantly more in the three burn groups than in the sham burn group. When changes in LV end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and EDL during the experiment were examined, apparent discrepancies were found in the changes between LVEDP and EDL in the burn-resuscitated groups (C and D); the postburn decreases in LVEDP in the burn-resuscitated groups were significantly smaller than those in the burn-nonresuscitated group, but there were no significant differences in the postburn decreases in EDL among the three burn groups. These findings indicate that: (1) the fall in cardiac output following severe burns was due to both the decreased preload and decreased LV contractility; (2) the decreased preload and LV contractility could not be restored to preburn levels by conventional fluid therapy during the 6-h experimental period; and (3) the possible decrease in LV compliance was more prominent in the burn-resuscitated groups.     

产前超声对矫正型大动脉转位的诊断价值

目的 探讨产前超声应用心脏三节段分析法对诊断矫正型大动脉转位(CTGA)的价值。方法 采用心脏三节段分析法对胎儿进行筛查,检出或疑似CTGA胎儿6例,对其超声病例资料进行回顾性分析。结果 6例检出或疑似CTGA的胎儿中,经生后超声心动图或尸检证实有1例为单纯性CTGA,3例为CTGA合并室间隔缺损,1例为CTGA合并室间隔缺损、肺动脉狭窄,1例为CTGA合并室间隔缺损、主动脉弓缩窄,其中1例漏诊肌部室间隔缺损,1例漏诊主动脉弓缩窄。结论 房室连接不一致和心室-大动脉连接不一致是诊断CTGA的关键,仔细观察四腔心切面和左、右室流出道切面是诊断CTGA的重要步骤。心脏三节段分析法是产前超声诊断胎儿CTGA的可靠方法,具有很好的临床应用价值。     

恶性黑棘皮病并发Leser-Trélat征1例

患者男,72岁。全身褶皱部、乳晕肥厚、色素沉着3个月,周身泛发性丘疹伴剧痒2个月。皮肤科情况:颈部、腋窝、腹股沟、肛周皮肤肥厚、色素沉着,呈绒毛状或乳头瘤样增生,双侧乳头和乳晕角化、色素沉着,颈部、躯干及四肢散在米粒至黄豆大肤色至淡褐色角化性丘疹及斑丘疹。皮损组织病理示(上胸部):表皮角化过度,棘层肥厚,乳头瘤样增生,基底层色素增加;(右侧腹股沟):表皮中度角化过度,乳头瘤样增生,乳头似指样向上凸出,棘层中度肥厚,基底层色素增加,真皮浅层少许淋巴细胞浸润。诊断:恶性黑棘皮病并发Leser-Trélat征。     

Vitrector induced lens injury during peripheral iridectomy in implantable collamer lens surgery

A 38-year-old female underwent bilateral implantable collamer lens (ICL) implantation for hyperopic astigmatism. While performing intraoperative peripheral iridectomy (PI), iris and anterior lens capsule was drawn to anterior vitrectomy cutter which result in large PI and injury to anterior lens capsule. Anterior lens capsule injury closed by fibrosis and the patient has 20/20 vision and static traumatic lens changes without any undesirable sequelae at the last follow up. Performing PI preoperatively by laser or alternatively by scissor intraoperatively is advisable to avoid above mentioned complication and a close observation is recommended when lens injury encountered.     

‘Mate’ Intake,Hormone-Based Risk Factors and Breast Cancer: a Case-Control Study

Previous reports on the inverse association between ‘mate’ intake (infusion of Ilex Paraguariensis herb) and breastcancer (BC) risk led us to consider two main roles for the infusion: as a substantial antioxidant contributor and asa hormone regulator, particularly through anti-aromatase capacities. Since menstrual-reproductive risk factors forBC reflect women’s estrogenic exposure during the reproductive lifespan, and considering that ‘mate’ intake exertsputative stronger protection among high antioxidant contributors, we attempted to analyze interactions among theinfusion, hormon-linked reproductive factors and BC risk, which have hitherto remained unexplored. We analyzed adatabase of 572 BC incident cases and 889 controls. Women were interviewed with a specific questionnaire featuringsocio-demographic, lifestyle and reproductive variables (age at menarche, 1st live birth and menopause; number of livebirths; breastfeeding months), and a food frequency questionnaire, focusing on ‘mate’ intake (consumer status, dailyintake, age at start, age at quit, duration of habit). Odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence Intervals were calculatedthrough unconditional logistic regression, adjusting for relevant potential confounders. ‘Mate’ intake showed stronginverse associations with some high-risk hormone-related factors: early menarche, nulliparity, low breastfeeding, longreproductive years and high number of ovulatory cycles. Moreover, all subsets of high dietary energy demonstratedeven stronger associations. In conclusion, regarding exposure to known hormone risk factors, we found strong inverseassociations between high ‘mate’ intake and BC, which were greater among those consuming higher calorific diets.Our analyses support possible combined antioxidant and antiestrogenic effects for ‘mate’ infusions.     

格林-巴利综合征患者蛋白质及血脂代谢指标分析

目的 了解格林-巴利综合征(GBS)患者蛋白质及血脂代谢指标分布特征,探讨蛋白质及血脂代谢与GBS之间的关系.方法 共收集首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院2018-2020年90例确诊GBS患者作为GBS组,从不同年龄、性别、严重程度、分型、治疗前后等方面对蛋白质及血脂代谢指标进行分析;同时选取性别、年龄匹配的60例体检健...     

Expressions of conventional vitellogenin and vitellogenin-like A in worker brains are associated with a nursing task in a ponerine ant

In eusocial insect colonies, non-reproductive workers often perform different tasks. Tasks of an individual worker are shifted depending on various factors, e.g., age and colony demography. Although a vitellogenin (Vg) gene play regulatory roles in both reproductive and non-reproductive division of labours in a honeybee, it has been shown that the insect Vg underwent multiple gene duplications and sub-functionalisation, especially in apical ant lineages. The regulatory roles of duplicated Vgs were suggested to change evolutionarily among ants, whereas such roles in phylogenetically basal ants remain unclear. Here, we examined the expression patterns of conventional Vg (CVg), Vg-like A, Vg-like B and Vg-like C, as well as Vg receptor, during the task shift in an age-dependent manner and under experimental manipulation of colony demography in a primitive ant Diacamma sp. Expressions of CVg and Vg-like A in a brain were associated with a nursing task. It is suggested that associations of brain expressions of these Vgs with worker tasks were acquired in the basal ant lineage, and that such Vg functions could have sub-functionalised in the derived ant lineage.