急进高原和高原训练对武警新兵血氧血压综合参数的影响

目的观察武警新兵急进高原和高原训练对血氧血压综合参数的影响,为探讨新兵高原习服提供科学依据。方法将受试者分为平原男性组、平原女性组、高原男性组和高原女性组。平原男性组分别在平原、急进高原的第1、第3、第5、第7天和新兵训练结束后测试。平原女性组在平原和高原训练前后测试。高10原男性组和高原女性组在高原训练前后测试。实验于2008年在成都和拉萨完成。结果平原男性组、平原女性组急进高原动脉血氧饱和度降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);平原男性组在急进高原的第7天恢复到世居同龄人水平;高原训练前后血氧饱和度差异无统计学意义。平原女性组急进高原后血压升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01,P<0.05);平原男性组和平原女性组急进高原后脉率增快,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论血氧饱和度在急进高原7 d时基本习服,高原训练对血氧饱和度的影响不显著。     

Hepatic Saturation Mechanism of Ethanol: Application of Mathematical Models to Ethanol Outflow Profiles in the Perfused Rat Liver

The saturation mechanism of hepatic ethanol (EtOH) elimination was studied in the perfused rat liver. EtOH outflow profiles after the instantaneous administration of 3 (mg/ml) × 0.4 (ml), 12 × 0.1, 24 × 0.1, and 3 × 0.1 mg (as a dose concentration × a volume) through the portal vein were analyzed by the statistical moment analysis and mathematical models (i.e., dispersion models). Results for 3 × 0.1 and 12 × 0.1 mg doses by moment analysis were similar. This demonstrated that the elimination exhibits linear kinetics. Recovery ratio and hepatic volume of distribution for 3 × 0.4 and 24 × 0.1 mg were larger than those for 3 × 0.1 and 12 × 0.1 mg doses and were similar. Kinetics after administration of 3 × 0.4 and 24 × 0.1 mg may be nonlinear. A difference in the relative dispersion ( CV ²) obtained by moment analysis between 3 × 0.4 and 24 × 0.1 mg doses indicated different properties of the nonlinear elimination kinetics. There were no differences in all the parameters in the one-compartment dispersion model between 3 × 0.4 and 24 × 0.1 mg doses. In the two-compartment dispersion model, there were differences in the blood volume ( V _B ) and the forward partition rate constant ( K ₁₂) between 3 × 0.4 and 24 × 0.1 mg ( p < 0.05), whereas the elimination rate constant ( k _e) and the dispersion number values for these doses were similar. These findings demonstrated that there is difference in the no-equilibrium process between 3 × 0.4 and 24 × 0.1 mg doses. Therefore, we suggest that the continuous EtOH input into the liver causes the saturation of enzyme pathways and the change of the nonequilibrium process.     

The validity of oxygen content calculations

Blood oxygen content calculated from haemoglobin concentration, measured haemoglobin oxygen saturation and measured oxygen tension was compared with three other methods of estimating oxygen content. These other methods were those of Van Slyke and Zander, which are direct methods, and a method using Kelman's equation to estimate the saturation from meassured oxygen tension and hence content. The coefficients of correlation (corr coeff) (r) were 0.9050 (n = 22), 0.9919 (n = 24) and 0.9862 (n = 25) for the respective methods when compared with oxygen content calculated using measured saturation. The Van Slyke method proved to be imprecise in our hands. The direct measurement using the oxygen cuvette of Zander gave oxygen content values similar to those estimated from measured saturation. The oxygen content calculated from pO₂ alone when compared to that derived from measured saturation had a corr coeff (r) of 0.9862 (n = 25), but the high residual standard deviation (So) of 6.939 ml/l indicates that the practice of calculating oxygen content from oxygen tension alone is imprecise. We conclude that oxygen content may be satisfactorily estimated by the Zander method when it becomes generally available, but until then the measurement of oxygen saturation is a necessary prerequisite to the estimation of blood oxygen content.     

高氧液静脉液体给氧在老年心脑血管缺血缺氧疾病的疗效观察

高氧液静脉液体给氧是用含有高浓度溶解氧且具有高氧分压（596～745mmHg）的液体，通过静脉滴注，直接向组织细胞供氧的治疗方法。苏州大学附属第一医院老年医学科自2005年10月至2006年6月应用高氧医用液体治疗仪将5％葡萄糖液体制备成高氧液，给50例老年心脑血管缺血缺氧疾病患者静脉输入，对其疗效及安全性进行临床研究，现报道如下。     

气管插管患者气管内给药提高血氧饱和度的研究

目的为提高全身麻醉术后气管插管未拔患者的血氧饱和度(SpO2),彻底排痰,探讨有效的气管插管内给药的意义。方法将55例脑出血术后气管插管未拔患者随机分为两组,35例给予气管插管内滴入化痰药物,20例气管插管内未给予任何药物。结果35例气管插管内滴药组血氧饱和度明显高于另一组。结论采用气管插管内滴药可湿化气管,起到消炎、化痰、减轻水肿的作用,从而提高了患者的血氧饱和度,有效给予全身组织供氧。     

医用电子直线加速器速调管饱和的测试方法

在以速调管作为微波功率源的电子直线加速器中,更换射频驱动器之后,如频繁出现输出剂量率不稳的现象,很可能是速调管没有工作于饱和状态的缘故。文中以西门子Mevatron 77型加速器为例,给出了如何判断速调管是否处于饱和状态的测试方法。     

A case of dapsone induced methaemoglobinaemia

Background  We present a case of dapsone induced methaemoglobinaemia that occurred in a patient who presented to the Emergency Department of a University Hospital. It is an uncommon condition that requires specific and urgent treatment in severe cases. Aims  To describe and evaluate the presenting symptoms, signs, diagnosis and management of acquired methaemoglobinaemia. Methods  We describe a case of acquired methaemoglobinaemia as a result of dapsone ingestion with a literature review. Conclusions  Acquired methaemoglobinaemia is an uncommon condition that presents with non-specific signs and symptoms. It is caused by a variety of exogenous agents and results in a “saturation gap” between oxygen saturation on pulse oximetery and arterial blood gas analysis. Specific treatment with intravenous methylene blue is the treatment of choice. Full resolution can be expected with treatment but severe cases can be associated with shock and mortality.     

小青龙汤配合基础治疗对慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者血氧饱和度的影响

目的探讨小青龙汤结合基础治疗对慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患者血氧饱和度的影响。方法选择COPD急性期患者90例，按照随机数字表法随机分为治疗组和对照组各45例，治疗组患者在抗感染、雾化吸入等基础治疗的同时，每日用小青龙汤1剂水煎服；而对照组仅采用抗感染、雾化吸入等基础治疗。连续治疗2周，以用药前后血气分析的动脉氧分压（PaO2）、动脉二氧化碳分压（PaCO2）评定疗效。结果治疗前两组PaO2、PaCO2无明显差异（P〉0．05）；治疗2周后，两组PaO2明显升高、PaCO2明显降低（P〈0．01）；而治疗组与对照组比较，PaO2升高和PaCO2降低比对照组更明显（P〈0．01）。结论小青龙汤结合基础治疗可达到提高COPD患者血氧饱和度，改善患者缺氧状态的作用。     

脉搏血氧仪检测牙髓活力的初步研究

目的探讨应用脉搏血氧测定法测试牙髓活力的可行性.方法选用美国产脉搏血氧测定仪(MF-503)加分离探头,测定92名志愿者的184颗健康上中切牙和27个患者的27颗临床死髓牙牙髓的血氧饱和度(简称SO2),对其读数进行描述性分析和t检验,探索其相关关系.结果健康牙组牙髓为83.2±0.5,死髓牙组牙髓为4.7±0.1(24颗:0;3颗:47,41,39),其数值之比为20.5:1.健康牙(83.2)与临床死髓牙(4.7)之间有极显著差异.结论用脉搏血氧测定法通过检测牙髓血氧饱和度以判定牙髓活力是可行的,尤其是对死髓牙的判定,但需注意各种干扰因素的影响,并且仪器的探头有待改进.