Recollection and familiarity in dense hippocampal amnesia: a case study

In the amnesia literature, disagreement exists over whether anterograde amnesia involves recollective-based recognition processes and/or familiarity-based ones depending on whether the anatomical damage is restricted to the hippocampus or also involves adjacent areas, particularly the entorhinal and perirhinal cortices. So far, few patients with well documented anatomical lesions and detailed assessment of recollective and recognition performance have been described. We report a comprehensive neuroanatomical assessment and detailed investigation of the anterograde memory functions of a previously described severe amnesic patient (VC). The results of four previously published neuroradiological investigations (resting PET, qualitative MRIs, volumetric MRI and functional MRI) together with the results of two new investigations (voxel-based morphometry and magnetic resonance spectroscopy) are presented. The consistent finding across these different qualitative and quantitative examinations of VC's brain has shown that there is primarily structural and functional abnormality located selectively in the hippocampus bilaterally. Marked impairments in both verbal and non-verbal recall and recognition standardized memory tests were documented in the context of VC's intact cognitive profile and normal semantic memory. The results of five new experimental recognition memory tests tapping recollection and familiarity using verbal, topographical (buildings and landscapes) and unknown human faces memoranda revealed striking differential effects according to the type of stimuli used. A receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that VC's recollective- and familiarity-based recognition processes were well preserved for unknown human faces. In contrast, recollective-based recognition for verbal and topographical material was at floor. Familiarity-based recognition was also impaired, significantly below controls for verbal and buildings memoranda and quite weak, although not reaching significance, for landscapes. These data suggest that the hippocampus is involved in recollective processes of verbal and topographical stimuli. It also plays an appreciable role in familiarity processes for these stimuli. However, recollection and familiarity of human faces appear not to depend on this region.     

型式确认在护理中的应用现状及启示

型式确认一词是从NewmanMA的健康意识理论Ⅲ中的PatternRecognition翻译而来,是当中的一个重要概念。Newman认为,型式是确认个体的方式．即个体当前生活各方面的状态,这种状态是移动、变化并具多样性：而型式确认则是对护理对象的状态进行识别,有助于护士发现和理解护理对象的潜在型式．正确的型式确认能加快健康意识的进展。每个护理对象的状态是其内在的、独特的、整体的型式的呈现。     

Different forms of MARCKS protein are involved in memory formation in the learning process of imprinting

There is strong evidence that a restricted part of the chick forebrain, the IMM (formerly IMHV), stores information acquired through the learning process of visual imprinting. Twenty-four hours after imprinting training, a learning-specific increase in amount of myristoylated, alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS) protein is known to occur in the homogenate fraction of IMM. We investigated the two components of this fraction, membrane-bound and cytoplasmic-phosphorylated MARCKS. In IMM, amount of membrane-bound MARCKS, but not of cytoplasmic-phosphorylated MARCKS, increased as chicks learned. No changes were observed for either form of MARCKS in PPN, a control forebrain region. The results indicate that there is a learning-specific increase in membrane-bound, non-phosphorylated MARCKS 24 h after training. This increase might contribute to stabilization of synaptic morphology.     

Recognition of finger flexion motion from ultrasound image: a feasibility study

Muscle contraction results in structural and morphologic changes of the related muscle. Therefore, finger flexion can be monitored from measurements of these morphologic changes. We used ultrasound imaging to record muscle activities during finger flexion and extracted features to discriminate different fingers' flexions using a support vector machine (SVM). Registration of ultrasound images before and after finger flexion was performed to generate a deformation field, from which angle features and wavelet-based features were extracted. The SVM was then used to classify the motions of different fingers. The experimental results showed that the overall mean recognition accuracy was 94.05% ± 4.10%, with the highest for the thumb (97%) and the lowest for the ring finger (92%) and the mean F value was 0.94 ± 0.02, indicating high accuracy and reliability of this method. The results suggest that the proposed method has the potential to be used as an alternative method of surface electromyography in differentiating the motions of different fingers.     

城乡居民对中医的认知和需求与中医发展策略

目的了解海南省城乡居民对中医的认知和需求状况,提出提高中医服务质量和促进中医发展的对策。方法采用阀卷调查的方法,随机选择6000名不同地区、不同年龄、不同文化层次海南省城乡居民进行调查,并对结果统计分析。结果城乡居民认可中医治疗者占94．45％以上;患病后首选中医者占70．93％;对中医药疗效满意者占82．59％,选用中医药等中医适宜疗法者占18．52％～58．89％。结论中医药和中医适宜疗法以其卓越的临床疗效,较少的副作用、价格低廉。深受城乡居民的欢迎。但海南省中医药的发展和中医适宜技术普及受到经费和观念的制约,因此,应采取综合性措施提高我省中医药服务质量,加快中医药的发展。     

Is the MHC a general self-recognition system playing a major unifying role in an organism?

From the review of several recent observations of cell-cell interactions, which occur preferentially in autologous or syngeneic situations such as rosettes, adhesion, homing, and contact inhibition, the existence of an active general process of cellular self-recognition, not limited to the immune system, is postulated. This process is MHC associated or dependent, and seems to require an identity of ubiquitous molecules of class I--or other linked gene products at the surface of interacting cells. In contrast, class II molecules are not apparently implicated in general self-recognition. The immune system is regarded as a late evolution from a self-recognition system. It retains the ability of self-evolution, but possesses the exclusive property of active discrimination against foreignness. The astonishing fact that identity of MHC products seems to be needed for recognition is discussed in the context of various possible mechanisms. From immunological and genetical consideration, it is proposed that the genuine biological role of the MHC would be that of a self-recognition and unifying system.     

交感型颈椎病的再认识

目的：通过一系列临床病例观察,对交感型颈椎病的发病因素、临床表现及其诊断方法作进一步认识。方法：回顾分析22例交感型颈椎病患者的临床资料,根据症状缓解或消失来评价疗效。结果：14例获得随访,平均随访1年2个月,优良者10例（占71％）。交感型颈椎病发病与颈椎解剖结构动态变化因素相关,颈交感神经功能紊乱及颈交感神经受刺激的程度决定了临床表现,典型的症状为诊断提供依据。结论：非手术疗法是简单有效的方法,可使症状缓解、功能改善。适应于病情不是很重,患者不愿意接受手术治疗以及高龄患者合并有重要器官疾病者。对较重的颈椎不稳,或椎间盘退变压迫的患者,选择手术治疗时机是提高疗效的重要手段。     

Automated anatomical labeling of abdominal arteries and hepatic portal system extracted from abdominal CT volumes

This paper proposes a method for automated anatomical labeling of abdominal arteries and a hepatic portal system. In abdominal surgeries, understanding blood vessel structure is critical since it is very complicated. The input of the proposed method is the blood vessel region extracted from the CT volume. The blood vessel region is expressed as a tree structure by applying a thinning process to it and compute the mapping from the branches in the tree structure to the anatomical names. First, several characteristic anatomical names are assigned by rule-based pre-processing. The branches assigned to these names are used as references. The remaining blood vessel names are assigned using a likelihood function trained by a machine-learning technique. Simple rule-based postprocessing can correct several blood vessel names. The output of the proposed method is a tree structure with anatomical names. In an experiment using 50 blood vessel regions manually extracted from abdominal CT volumes, the recall and precision rates of the abdominal arteries were 86.2% and 85.3%, and they were 86.5% and 79.5% for the hepatic portal system.     

生物传感器识别元件的种类及其在临床检验中的研究进展

摘要：识别元件是生物传感器的重要组成部分，参与特异性识别和捕获目标分析物，与传感器的选择性能密切相关。经典的识别元件主要是从生物体内分离出的酶、抗体等，或生物体本身如细胞、组织等作为识别元素，而新型识别元件多是在实验室合成的适配体、分子印迹聚合物(MIP)、亲合体等人工识别元素。根据不同识别元件的特性，已经研制出多种适用于临床检验的生物传感器。该文综述了识别元件的种类及其在临床检验中的应用研究进展。