Is a vesicoamniotic shunt intrinsically bad? Shunting a normal fetal bladder

Introduction

We previously demonstrated that in utero vesicoamniotic shunting of obstructive uropathy in fetal lambs produces a shrunken noncompliant bladder. We hypothesized that the normal fetal bladder filling and emptying cycle in fetal life is critical to the development of normal bladder function.

Materials and Methods

We placed vesicoamniotic shunts in 4 normal fetal lambs at 74 days' gestation. The fetuses were delivered at term (145 days), and bladder volume and compliance were measured and compared with those measurements in 3 normal term fetuses. The lambs were then killed and the renal tracts and bladders removed submitted to histologic examination.

Results

All shunted lambs survived to term. Three normal control lambs were delivered at term. The mean bladder volume in shunted lambs was 4 ± 2.8 mL (n = 4) compared with 60 ± 17 mL (n = 3) in control lambs (P < .05). Bladders in the shunted lambs had very poor compliance compared with normal lambs' bladders. Histologic examination of the shunted bladders showed increased fibrosis and distortion of the muscle layers compared with control bladders.

Conclusion

Even in the absence of obstruction, preventing normal bladder filling and emptying in fetal life produces fibrotic bladders with poor compliance.     

Hemofiltration and immune response in severe sepsis

BACKGROUND: Levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines have been determined in numerous investigations. However, measurements of isolated cytokines do not allow conclusions on the resulting immune state. The purpose of this study was to determine resulting immune functions in patients' plasma. Additionally, similar measurements were performed with ultrafiltrate gained from continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nine septic patients and six critically ill patients with renal dysfunction in a surgical intensive care unit were observed. Two immune functions were chosen for detailed investigation over a time period of 72 h. The ability of patients' plasma to induce or suppress beta(2)-integrin expression on neutrophils of healthy controls served as marker for leukocyte activation. Interleukin (IL)-6 production or inhibition in washed whole blood cells induced through patients' plasma was used as a marker of cytokine secretion. RESULTS: Plasma from septic patients led to a constantly increased expression of beta(2)-integrins on isolated, unstimulated neutrophils. At the same time, septic plasma permanently suppressed the production of IL-6 and IL-10 in stimulated whole blood. Ultrafiltrate from CVVH mirrors the equivalent immune response patterns found for plasma. We did not find significant differences pre- and postfilter or over the next 72 h in the potential to cause IL-6 and IL-10 production or beta(2)-integrin expression. CONCLUSIONS: Plasma from septic patients triggers an increased expression of adhesion molecules and inhibited secretion of IL-6 and IL-10 in stimulated whole blood cells compared with nonseptic critically ill patients. Moreover, CVVH withdraws triggering mediators from plasma in equally bioactive proportions.     

Signification of the unusual delineation of the anterior meniscofemoral ligament of Humphrey during knee arthro-CT

BACKGROUND: Meniscofemoral ligaments (MFLs) are recognized as stabilizing and protective structures for the posterolateral meniscocondylar compartment of the knee, and as secondary restraints to tibial posterior translation. PURPOSE AND PATIENTS: We report the 64-row arthro-MDCT findings of 10 patients (8 males, 2 females; mean age 43.8 years) in which the anterior MFL of Humphrey (aMLF) was atypically well delineated by an unusual circumferential effusion of iodine contrast. We discuss a possible physiopathologic mechanism for this effusion, describe the MDCT anatomy of the aMLF and review the literature about the anatomy and physiology of the MFLs. RESULTS: In each of our ten patients an unusual effusion of articular contrast was found delineating a posterior oblique ligamentar bundle, which was running in front of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL). This bundle was best appreciated on posterior coronal oblique and sagital MPR views, and was recognized as the aMFL. The finding was associated with a partial tear of the tibial insertion of the posterior horn (PH) of the lateral meniscus (LM) in three patients, and with a partial (two cases) or subtotal (three cases) tear of the PCL in five patients. A swollen-probably oedematous-PCL was found in another patient and in the last case the anomaly was minimal and remained isolated. All patients were treated conservatively. CONCLUSION: Since the aMFL inserts inferiorly into the posterior horn of the LM and runs in very close anatomic and functional relation with the PCL, we hypothesize that a trauma producing a tear in these structures may also occasionally sufficiently stretch the aMFL to produce a peripheral loosening allowing a circumferential effusion of opacified synovial fluid around the ligament. Our report offers the opportunity to illustrate the "in vivo" anatomy of the aMFL through original unpublished figures. It also contributes to reinforce the literature data concerning the potential fine mechanical role played by the LM-MFLs-PCL complex, in which the centrally located MFLs act laterally as stabilizing and protective structures for the posterolateral meniscocondylar compartment and medially as secondary restraints to tibial posterior translation.     

颞下入路显微外科治疗大脑后动脉P2段动脉瘤

目的 总结1998-2008年以来治疗的10例大脑后动脉第2段(P2段)动脉瘤的手术治疗经验及临床效果.方法 10例患者均行颞下入路,其中2例联合翼点入路.8例行动脉瘤瘤颈夹闭或塑形夹闭并保留载瘤动脉通畅,2例巨大动脉瘤行动脉瘤孤立术.结果 手术治疗的10例患者9例术后恢复良好,1例动脉瘤孤立术后发生大脑后动脉供血区脑组织缺血性梗死,出现暂时性轻偏瘫和同向性偏盲,经高压氧治疗3周后恢复.结论 P2段动脉瘤有形成巨大动脉瘤的倾向.对于有经验的医师,颞下入路是相对简便、快速和安全的手术入人路.     

两种手术方式对Chiari畸形Ⅰ型合并脊髓空洞的系统评价及meta分析

目的 系统评价后颅窝减压（posterior fossa decompression,PFD）和后颅窝减压加硬膜成形术（posterior fossa decompression plus duraplasty,PFDD）在Chiari畸形Ⅰ型合并脊髓空洞患者中的有效性及安全性。方法 检索Embase、Cochrane、Pubmed、Ovid、Medline、ScienceDirect、谷歌学术、万方、知网等数据库自建库到2019年的文献,筛选文中对PFD与PFDD进行了比较的随机对照研究或非随机对照研究,统计术后临床症状和影像学改善情况、并发症等指标,运用Revman（5.3版本）进行数据分析。结果 最终纳入10篇文献,共3 188例,PFDD组1 383例,PFD组1 805例。在脊髓空洞改善率（OR：5.53;95%CI：2.86,10.69）、症状缓解率（OR：2.53;95%CI：1.30,4.91）、并发症发生率（OR：3.46;95%CI：1.40,8.59）、脑脊液漏发生率（OR：9.36;95%CI：2.63,33.34）、假性硬脑膜膨出率（OR：1.89;95%CI：1.28,2.79）方面PFDD组高于PFD组（P<0.05）。在切口感染发生率（OR：1.44;95%CI：0.57,3.59）、皮下积液发生率（OR：1.71;95%CI：0.50,5.80）方面两种术式无差异（P>0.05）。结论 针对Chiari畸形Ⅰ型合并脊髓空洞的患者,PFDD的有效性优于PFD。     

Source localization of scalp-EEG interictal spikes in posterior cortex epilepsies investigated by HR-EEG and SEEG

Purpose:   To determine the validity of scalp-electroencephalography (EEG)-interictal spike (IIS) source localization in posterior cortex epilepsies (PCE).
Methods:   Eleven patients with drug-resistant PCE were studied with high-resolution EEG (HR-EEG) and stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG). Sixty-four scalp channels, a realistic head model, and different algorithms [multiple signal classification (MUSIC) and equivalent current dipoles] were used. Results were compared to intracerebral SEEG recordings. For SEEG, a semiautomatic detection of intracerebral IIS was used, allowing a classification of intracerebral IIS into one of three groups: Medial, lateral, and mediolateral.
Results:   In the medial group (two patients), scalp-EEG IIS were usually absent for one patient whereas for the other, scalp-EEG was misleading. Indeed, scalp-EEG IIS had a posterior projection, predominantly contralateral to the source. In the lateral group (two patients), scalp-EEG IIS were subcontinuous and accurately localized. In the mediolateral group (seven patients), intracerebral interictal distribution was complex and bilateral for four of seven patients. Source localizations were able to determine only a part, whether lateral or medial, of the intracerebral interictal distribution.
Discussion:   The accuracy of scalp-EEG IIS source localization is dependant on the type of intracerebral interictal distribution. In the most frequent type of PCE, patients proved to have a complex interictal distribution between both medial and lateral cortices, and source localizations always  underestimated intracerebral IIS. In cases where intracranial sources were quite focal, surface EEG sources were localized with accuracy, even in medial occipital lobe structures.     

后颅凹肿瘤术后发热的原因及治疗

目的：总结并分析后颅凹肿瘤术后发热的治疗经验。方法：收集并分析西北医院2001年9月至2010年7月后颅凹肿瘤开颅术后发热23例病例的临床资料。结果：20例患者预后良好,痊愈出院。2例死亡,1例放弃治疗出院。结论：后颅凹肿瘤术后发热是常见并发症,处理棘手,根据不同情况采取针对性治疗可取得满意效果。     

改进的连续波热牙胶根充法应用于老年人根管充填的临床评价

目的：评价老年人根管充填应用改进的连续波热牙胶根充法的充填质量和效率。方法：213名需要根管治疗的老年口腔患者,共计238颗患牙,按照根管充填方法的不同分为热牙胶组和冷侧压组,并对两组间根管充填恰填率、侧支根管充填情况、根充所用时间、术中疼痛四方面进行对比分析。结果：改进的连续波热牙胶组根管恰填率高达89．92％,而冷侧压组仅为79．82％,热牙胶组优势明显;另外在侧支根管充填情况和根充所用时间的对比中,热牙胶组依然强于冷牙胶组（P〈0．05）;两组术中疼痛并没有差别（胗0．05）。结论：改进的连续波热牙胶根管充填法应用于老年口腔患者优点突出,易于接受,能有效提高老年人根管治疗的质量和效率。     

密闭式静脉留置针在普外科的应用

密闭式静脉留置针作为一种高效性的输液工具在临床上被广泛应用。在大量持续静脉输液时,它不仅可充分保证病人液体的入量,还可以避免输液外渗,增加病人的舒适度。现以“急性阑尾炎”和“急性胰腺炎”这两种外科常见的疾病为例,对其诸多优点加以说明。     

一种适用于粉状物料的多级连续逆流离心浸取装置

在对粉状物料实施浸取作业时,因固体料层阻力太大,降低了设备工作效率。利用离心力克服粉体料层的阻力,强制溶剂流过料层。加速固一液界面的更新,提高浸取速率。于是发明了一种将离心力场导入固一液连续多级逆流浸取作业的机械设备。