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持续性肾脏替代治疗(CRRT)时药物剂量的调整由于影响因素众多而较为复杂。适宜的个性化剂量调整,对于保证患者有效治疗和减少药物毒副反应以及抗菌药物耐药产生均十分重要。文章介绍CRRT时影响药物清除的主要因素,以及药物剂量调整的基本原则。     

Investigation and Treatment of Ovulatory Failure

After gonadal dysgenesis or developmental failure have been ruled out and therapy initiated for secondary amenorrhea in appropriate cases, there remains a group of women in whom measures to overcome infertility can be undertaken with reasonable expectation of success. The first need is to determine if ovulation is occurring; if it is not, a variety of means is now available to induce it.     

Approach and treatment of the adult acquired flatfoot deformity

Adult acquired flatfoot deformity (AAFD), embraces a wide spectrum of deformities. AAFD is a complex pathology consisting both of posterior tibial tendon insufficiency and failure of the capsular and ligamentous structures of the foot. Each patient presents with characteristic deformities across the involved joints, requiring individualized treatment. Early stages may respond well to aggressive conservative management, yet more severe AAFD necessitates prompt surgical therapy to halt the progression of the disease to stages requiring more complex procedures. We present the most current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to AAFD, based on the most pertinent literature and our own experience and investigations.     

持续被动活动对兔重建前交叉韧带生物力学特性的影响

目的:采用半腱肌腱重建兔前交叉韧带(ACL),探讨持续被动活动(CPM)对移植物生物力学特性的影响。方法:对30只8月龄雄性新西兰大白兔右侧后肢膝关节行自体双股半腱肌腱移植重建前交叉韧带手术。术后随机分为CPM组和非CPM组两组:CPM组术后第2天开始采用自制兔膝关节CPM器进行持续被动活动,共6周;非CPM组仅笼养。分别于术后第6、12、24周取材,每组每次取5只行生物力学观察。结果:与非CPM组相比,CPM组大部分标本两束融合成一体。从术后6周到24周,所有移植物的最大载荷、最大应力、弹性模量以及这些指标和其对照侧ACL的比值逐渐增加。在术后6、12、24周时,CPM组移植物最大载荷分别为22.72N、79.56N、122.20N,最大应力分别为4.58MPa、13.62MPa、21.79MPa;非CPM组移植物最大载荷分别为16.00N、70.68N、96.20N,最大应力分别为3.07MPa、11.58MPa、17.89MPa。3个时间点两组间上述指标差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:半腱肌腱重建兔前交叉韧带术后早期进行持续被动活动可明显提高移植物的生物力学性能。     

Endovascular treatment of posterior cerebral artery aneurysms using detachable coils

Introduction Aneurysms of the posterior cerebral artery (PCA) are rare, and most of the studies reported in the literature in which the endovascular approach was applied were carried out on a limited number of patients with PCA aneurysms. We retrospectively reviewed our cases of PCA aneurysms – at various locations and of differing shapes – that received endovascular treatment and evaluated the treatment outcome. Methods From January 1996 to December 2006, 13 patients (eight females and five males) with 17 PCA aneurysms (nine fusiform and eight saccular) were treated using the endovascular approach. The age of the patients ranged from 20 to 67 years, with a mean age of 44 years. Of the 13 patients, ten presented with intracranial hemorrhage, and one patient, with a large P2 aneurysm, presented with trigeminal neuralgia; the aneurysms were asymptomatic in the remaining two patients. Results All 13 patients were successfully treated, with only one procedure-related symptomatic complication. Seven patients were treated by occlusion of the aneurysm and parent artery together; five patients, by selective embolization of the aneurysm; one patient, by partial coiling. Although infarctions were found in two patients treated with selective embolization and in three patients treated with parent artery occlusion, only one patient with a ruptured P2 aneurysm treated with parent artery occlusion developed transient amnesia as an ischemic symptom. Conclusion Posterior cerebral artery aneurysms can be treated safely with either occlusion of the aneurysm together with the PCA or with a selective coil embolization. Infarctions may occur after endovascular treatment, but they are rarely the cause of a disabling symptom.     

床边超声测定检查在危重症患者液体复苏的应用价值研究

目的 探讨床边超声检查对危重症患者液体复苏的指导意义。方法 选取2018年3月～2019年7月收治的80例危重症患者作为研究对象,随机将研究对象分为床边超声组和对照组两组,每组各40例。床边超声组采用床边超声的测定参数值进行指导危重症患者的液体复苏治疗,对照组患者选择脉搏指示剂持续心排血量法(PICCO)对患者液体复苏治疗予以相关指导。两组患者均在早期进行液体复苏治疗,且均进行有效的综合治疗,最后比较患者液体复苏前后下腔静脉(IVC)内径、呼吸变异指数(RVI)、左室舒张末期容积(LVEDV);同时比较患者血管外肺水指数(EVLWI)、液体复苏前后的胸腔内血容量指数(ITBVI)、中心静脉压(CVP)以及两组患者液体复苏前后的心率、收缩压及舒张压、液体复苏治疗后各时间点即治疗后6 h、12 h、24 h的达标率。结果 患者进行液体复苏后,其中床边超声组的各参数除RVI均升高,两组患者的心率、收缩压及舒张压在复苏前差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者心率在复苏6 h后较复苏前明显下降,收缩压、舒张压较复苏前明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。复苏24 h,床边超声组心率明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 对危重症患者进行液体复苏采用床边超声具有重要的指导作用。     

颈后纵韧带张力性压迫症及手术治疗(附50例分析)

目的　用生物力学的观点认识颈后纵韧带张力性压迫症和手术技巧 ,从而提高临床疗效。方法　对 5 0例颈后纵韧带张力性压迫症患者施行了手术并进行分析。结果　发现颈后纵韧带由于病理性改变所出现的生物力学上的椎管内障碍 ,是影响脊髓功能的一个不可忽视的原因。结论　对于颈椎间盘突出、颈椎管狭窄症及颈前方压迫综合征的患者 ,在颈椎前手术的同时 ,采用彻底的切除该节段变性的颈后纵韧带 ,有较重要的临床应用价值     

齿状突骨折的手术治疗

目的　报告齿状突骨折的内固定及融合方法。方法　对 8例齿状突骨折患者行内固定治疗 ,其中 5例新鲜骨折行前路空心螺钉内固定 ,3例齿状突陈旧性骨折行后路经关节突螺钉 (Magerl法 )加钛缆线Gallie法内固定并取髂骨植骨融合术。 结果　经过 2～ 16个月 ,平均 6 1个月的随访 ,5例齿状突新鲜骨折均愈合 ,临床症状完全消失 4例 ,明显改善 1例。颈部旋转活动良好 5例。 3例陈旧性骨折环枢椎融合良好 ,临床症状消失 2例 ,明显改善 1例 ,颈部旋转活动部分障碍 2例 ,障碍 1例。结论　前路空心螺钉内固定技术的主要优越性在于保留了环枢椎的生理活动功能 ,后路经关节突螺钉 (Magerl法 )与钛缆线Gallie法联合固定保证了上颈椎的稳定性     

Calcification and osteopontin localization in the peritoneum of patients on long-term continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis therapy.

BACKGROUND: Peritoneal calcification is an uncommon complication of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), which is mainly observed in patients on long-term therapy. Although some asymptomatic patients must have microscopic calcification in their peritoneum, little information on this topic has been published. Recent studies have revealed active participation of adhesive/chemotactic protein osteopontin (OPN) in dystrophic calcification. METHODS: Peritoneal tissue was obtained by biopsy or at autopsy from 18 CAPD patients (median duration, 122 months), 5 control haemodialysis (HD) patients, and 3 pre-CAPD patients. The distribution of calcium deposits and OPN protein was determined by von Kossa staining and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Smooth muscle cells and macrophages were identified with anti-alpha smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and anti-CD68 antibodies. RESULTS: Calcium deposits with various configurations were observed in specimens from 12 of the 18 CAPD patients. They included massive calcification facing the peritoneal cavity, scattered granular or crystalloid deposits in the submesothelial stroma, and oval-shaped deposits formed within hyalinized vasa. Most were present in highly sclerosed areas and accompanied by extracellular OPN precipitation. Cytoplasmic OPN was detected in infiltrating leukocytes, granulation tissue cells, fibroblast-like cells and mast cells. Computerized tomography examination also detected peritoneal calcification in seven of the CAPD patients. No calcium deposits or OPN staining was detected in control specimens. CONCLUSIONS:The results of our study suggest that microscopic peritoneal calcification is frequent in patients on CAPD for more than 10 years. Myofibroblast infiltration, OPN expression, calcium deposition, and associated OPN precipitation seem to be components of the peritoneal changes in such patients.     

APOFIX内固定系统治疗寰枢椎脱位

目的：探讨颈后路植骨Apofix内固定术治疗寰枢椎脱位的临床效果。方法：回顾性分析1998年6月－2001年5月共11例寰枢椎脱位患，均作了颈后路Apofix固定手术，结果：经4个月－3年（平均1．6年）随访，所有患均在3－6个月获性融合，局部症状缓解率91％（10／11），术后脊髓功能改善情况，优8例（占73％），良2例（占18％），中1例（占9％），结论：寰枢椎脱位颈后路Apofix内固定术具有操作简便，固定可靠，临床效果良好等优良，对减轻颈髓损害以及提高预后具有良好效果。