High-resolution feature based central venous catheter tip detection network in X-ray images

Hospital patients can have catheters and lines inserted during the course of their admission to give medicines for the treatment of medical issues, especially the central venous catheter (CVC). However, malposition of CVC will lead to many complications, even death. Clinicians always detect the malposition based on position detection of CVC tip via X-ray images. To reduce the workload of the clinicians and the percentage of malposition occurrence, we propose an automatic catheter tip detection framework based on a convolutional neural network (CNN). The proposed framework contains three essential components which are modified HRNet, segmentation supervision module, and deconvolution module. The modified HRNet can retain high-resolution features from start to end, ensuring the maintenance of precise information from the X-ray images. The segmentation supervision module can alleviate the presence of other line-like structures such as the skeleton as well as other tubes and catheters used for treatment. In addition, the deconvolution module can further increase the feature resolution on the top of the highest-resolution feature maps in the modified HRNet to get a higher-resolution heatmap of the catheter tip. A public CVC Dataset is utilized to evaluate the performance of the proposed framework. The results show that the proposed algorithm offering a mean Pixel Error of 4.11 outperforms three comparative methods (Ma’s method, SRPE method, and LCM method). It is demonstrated to be a promising solution to precisely detect the tip position of the catheter in X-ray images.     

手臂位置对射波刀放射治疗脊柱肿瘤患者的剂量学影响

目的: 评估患者手臂位置变化对射波刀脊柱肿瘤放射治疗潜在剂量学的影响。方法: 选取胸椎与腰椎肿瘤患者各12例,勾画患者手臂轮廓并修改CT值和密度,使其等效为空气,模拟手臂完全移出射野的极端情况。保留原治疗计划的射束条件再次计算剂量,通过与原始计划的剂量体积直方图(dose-volume histogram, DVH)的参数比较,分析计划靶区(planning target volume, PTV)100%处方剂量的覆盖体积(V₁₀₀)、95%PTV体积受照剂量(D₉₅)、90%PTV体积受照剂量(D₉₀)、适形指数(conformity index, CI)与异质性指数(heterogeneity index, HI),以及脊髓、胃、食管、肠道的最大受照剂量(D_max)、1cc体积(1 mL)受照剂量(D_1cc)和2cc体积(2 mL)受照剂量(D_2cc)的变化。结果: 与原治疗计划相比,模拟计划的PTV V₁₀₀、D₉₅、D₉₀、CI平均升高0.86%、2.02%、1.97%、0.80%,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05);脊髓D_max、D_1cc与D_2cc平均升高2.35%、2.59%、1.49%,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05);胃D_2cc平均升高1.70%,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05);食管与肠道剂量差异无统计学意义。结论: 在基于射波刀的脊柱肿瘤放射治疗过程中最极端的双臂位置情况下,发现手臂位置的改变对剂量学影响很小,并且随手臂位置的改变,靶区与危及器官(organ at risk, OAR)的剂量有所增加,但增幅相对较小,因此,在某些特殊情况下,患者确实无法始终保持手臂位置一致时,可以进行合理的调整,但是为了保证剂量的精确投照,应尽可能实现患者治疗体位的稳定性与一致性。     

Total Hip Arthroplasty in Patients with Crowe III/IV Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip: Acetabular Morphology and Reconstruction Techniques

The severe anatomic deformities render acetabular reconstruction as one of the greatest challenges in total hip arthroplasty (THA) for patients with Crowe III/IV developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). Thorough understanding of acetabular morphology and bone defect is the basis of acetabular reconstruction techniques. Researchers have proposed either true acetabulum position reconstruction or high hip center (HHC) position reconstruction. The former can obtain the optimal hip biomechanics, including bulk femoral head autograft, acetabular medial wall displacement osteotomy, and acetabular component medialization, while the latter is relatively easy for hip reduction, as it can avoid neurovascular lesions and obtain more bone coverage; however, it cannot achieve good hip biomechanics. Both techniques have their own advantages and disadvantages. Although there is no consensus on which approach is better, most researchers suggest the true acetabulum position reconstruction. Based on the various acetabular deformities in DDH patients, evaluation of acetabular morphology, bone defect, and bone stock using the 3D image and acetabular component simulation techniques, as well as the soft tissue tension around the hip joint, individualized acetabular reconstruction plans can be formulated and appropriate techniques can be selected to acquire desired clinical outcomes.