基于永磁磁场的电子胶囊定位系统

为了确定可吞服式电子胶囊在人体内的位置,基于矩形永磁体空间磁场解析式,设计了定位系统,提出了相应的定位算法,并进行了实验。系统中两个三轴磁传感器封装在胶囊内,由胶囊和永磁体的空间位姿关系模型,建立了与传感器输出和胶囊位姿变量相关的一组非线性方程。对方程进行了数值求解,并和期望值进行了比较,结果发现该方法是切实可行的。     

阈值校正方式对PET脑显像统计参数图分析显示结果的影响

目的 探讨各种阈值校正方法对统计参数图(SPM)软件统计比较结果显示的影响.方法 利用Hoffman标准脑模型制作缺损模型PET成像与正常模型PET成像,进行统计参数图的统计比较.并选取脑梗死患者与健康检查者进行统计参数图的统计比较.结果 校正与非校正产生的结果有差异,其中族错误率(FWE)校正(P=5×10-2)得到的统计分析结果激活区最少及最小,其次是错误发现率(FDR)校正(P=5×10-2),非校正方式(P=1×10-3)得到的激活区最多及最大.但FDR校正效果不稳定,有时不如不校正.结论 统计参数图软件中FWE校正方法可明显降低假阳性,得到的结果可信度稳定地高于非校正方法.     

15°头高斜坡侧卧位气管拔管对肥胖患者全麻恢复期呼吸功能的影响

目的评价15°头高斜坡侧卧位气管拔管对肥胖患者全麻恢复期呼吸功能的影响。方法选择全麻手术患者120例,男62例,女58例,年龄18～65岁,BMI≥28 kg/m~2,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,采用随机数字表法分为四组,每组30例:平卧位组(C组)、15°头高斜坡仰卧位组(S组)、15°头高斜坡左侧卧位组(L组)和15°头高斜坡右侧卧位(R组)。所有患者均在全麻下完成手术。术毕C组采用平卧位,S组采用15°头高斜坡仰卧位,L组采用15°头高斜坡左侧卧位,R组采用15°头高斜坡右侧卧位。记录入室时(T_0)、拔管后1 min(T_1)、5 min(T_2)、30 min(T_3)、2 h(T_4)的SpO_2、PaO_2、MAP和HR;记录拔管时间和出室时间;记录咳嗽、咽痛、喉痉挛和舌后坠等不良反应的发生情况。结果与T_0时比较,T_1—T_4时四组SpO_2明显降低(P0.05),T_1—T_2时四组MAP明显升高,HR明显增快(P0.05)。与C组比较,T_1—T_4时S组、L组、R组SpO_2、PaO_2明显升高(P0.05),T_1—T_2时四组MAP明显降低,HR明显减慢(P0.05),拔管时间和出室时间明显缩短(P0.05),L组、R组咳嗽、舌后坠发生率明显降低(P0.05)。与S组比较,T_1—T_4时L组、R组SpO_2、PaO_2明显升高(P0.05),拔管时间和出室时间明显缩短(P0.05),咳嗽、舌后坠发生率明显降低(P0.05)。四组咽痛发生率差异无统计学意义。结论 15°头高斜坡侧卧位气管拔管可改善肥胖患者全麻恢复期的氧储备,促进呼吸功能的恢复。     

斜卧位微创经皮肾镜治疗上尿路结石

目的探讨斜卧位微创经皮肾镜碎石术（minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy,MPCNL）治疗上尿路结石的可行性。方法 2009年8月-2010年10月,采用斜卧45°体位行MPCNL治疗上尿路结石57例,包括肾结石49例,输尿管上段结石8例。结果 57例均Ⅰ期建立经皮肾通道成功,无穿刺失败或中转开放手术。平均手术时间85 min（45-120min）。一期结石清除率100%（57/57）。肾造瘘管留置时间1-3 d,平均住院时间6 d（4-7 d）。未出现严重并发症。结论斜卧位施行MPCNL手术治疗上尿路结石具有安全、高效、微创的特点,患者体位舒适,便于术中麻醉监测,术中碎石易排出,值得临床推广应用。     

超声技术在椎管内麻醉穿刺中的应用进展

超声作为一种可视化技术,在椎管内麻醉穿刺中的应用取得了很大进展。椎管内麻醉是下腹部和下肢手术的常用麻醉方法。超声能够清楚地显示椎管及其周围解剖结构,使椎管内麻醉走向精准化具有重大意义。用超声在椎管内麻醉穿刺前扫描,可预测穿刺的困难程度、定位穿刺点、测量穿刺深度,从而提高椎管内麻醉穿刺的成功率;实时超声引导下椎管内麻醉穿刺能实时地观察穿刺针的角度和深度,使麻醉穿刺全程可见;将超声应用于困难椎管内穿刺及小儿椎管内穿刺,可降低多次穿刺带来的并发症及风险,具有深远的意义。     

Individuals with chronic hemiparetic stroke can correctly match forearm positions within a single arm

Objective

Previous studies determined, using between arms position matching assessments, that at least one-half of individuals with stroke have an impaired position sense. We investigated whether individuals with chronic stroke who have impairments mirroring arm positions also have impairments identifying the location of each arm in space.

Sleep positions in children with Down syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea

ObjectivesTo assess sleep positions in children with both Down syndrome (DS) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and determine if there is a preferred sleep position by severity of apnea.MethodsA single-center retrospective review of patients with both DS and OSA was performed. Caregivers reported sleep position utilized greater than 50% of observed sleep time. Accuracy of this report was confirmed through review of hypnograms from polysomnography studies.ResultsEighty-two patients met inclusion criteria. Median body mass index (BMI) was 26.6 and 56% of patients had a prior tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy. The mean obstructive AHI (OAHI) was 25.33 with 90.4% having severe OSA, 9.6% having moderate OSA, and no patients having mild OSA. Reported sleep positions were skewed towards lateral/decubitus (82.9%) compared to prone (11.0%) and supine (6.1%). This was consistent with hypnogram data where 71% of total sleep time in lateral/decubitus positions compared to prone (13%) and supine (6%). The median changes in sleep position per patient was 5 (IQR: 3–6). Lower BMI (p < 0.001, 95% CI: 0.32–1.13) and tonsillectomy (p < 0.001, 95% CI: 7.7–18.19) were associated with lower OAHI. Sleep position was not associated with age (p = 0.19), sex (p = 0.66), race (p = 0.10), ethnicity (p = 0.68) nor history of tonsillectomy (p = 0.34). Preferred sleep position was not correlated with OAHI (p = 0.78, r = 0.03) or OSA severity (p = 0.72, r = 0.03).ConclusionsThis study highlights the possibility that children with DS may have preferential sleep positions that cater to optimized airflow in the context of OSA although further prospective study is needed.     

Deficits in upper limb position sense of children with Spastic Hemiparetic Cerebral Palsy are distance-dependent

This study examined the arm position sense in children with Spastic Hemiparetic Cerebral Palsy (SHCP) and typically developing children (TD) by means of a contralateral matching task. This task required participants to match the position of one arm with the position of the other arm for different target distances and from different starting positions. Results showed that children with SHCP exhibited with both arms larger matching errors than the TD group, but only when the distance between the arms at the start of the movement was large. In addition, the difference in errors between the less-impaired and the impaired limb changed as a function of the distance in the SHCP group whereas no interlimb differences were found in the TD group. Finally, spasticity and restricted range of motion in children with SHCP were not related to the proportion of undershoot and size of absolute error. This suggests that SHCP could be associated with sensory problems in conjunction with their motor problems. In conclusion, the current study showed that accurate matching of the arms is greatly impaired in SHCP when compared to TD children, irrespective of which arm is used. Moreover, this deficit is particularly present for large movement amplitudes.     

Posture, équilibre et mouvement : rôle de la proprioception dans la verticalité

At the very beginning of bipedy in the history of humanity, stabilization on both legs introduces modification of the skeleton and of the neurological equipment. Monosynaptic reflex is considered to mainly contribute to natural verticality. How can we take into account this ancestral reality in therapeutic decisions for persons with cerebral palsy?