超声针头斜面向下乳化劈裂技术在白内障超声乳化术中的应用

目的评估超声针头斜面向下乳化劈裂技术的手术效果,探讨超声乳化术中角膜内皮细胞机械性损伤的机制。方法对251眼白内障施行超声乳化及人工晶体植入术。术中采用超声针头斜面向下乳化劈裂技术127眼（A组）,其中Ⅱ级核28眼,Ⅲ级核69眼,Ⅳ～Ⅴ-级核30眼。采用传统的超声针头斜面向上乳化劈裂技术124眼（B组）,其中Ⅱ级核31眼,Ⅲ级核65眼,Ⅳ～Ⅴ-级核28眼。对两组的累计能量复合参数及术后6个月角膜内皮细胞丢失率分别对照研究。结果A组累计能量复合参数：Ⅱ级核（2.7±0.5）秒;Ⅲ级核（11.9±2.1）秒;Ⅳ～Ⅴ-级核（30.2±8.1）秒。角膜内皮细胞丢失率：Ⅱ级核（5.1±0.6）%;Ⅲ级核（8.9±0.4）%;Ⅳ～Ⅴ-级核（12.5±1.6）%。B组累计能量复合参数：Ⅱ级核（2.6±0.4）秒;Ⅲ级核（12.2±2.5）秒;Ⅳ～Ⅴ-级核（31.7±8.9）秒。角膜内皮细胞丢失率：Ⅱ级核（5.0±0.5）%;Ⅲ级核（11.2±0.8）%;Ⅳ～Ⅴ-级核（20.6±1.4）%。Ⅱ级核组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,Ⅲ级核组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,Ⅳ～Ⅴ-级核组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论 超声乳化术中采用超声针头斜面向下乳化劈裂技术可有效地降低角膜内皮细胞的损失率。对于硬核白内障的超声乳化,采用此技术更有利于对角膜内皮细胞的保护。     

衍射型多焦点与单焦点人工晶状体在青光眼合并白内障病例中的应用

目的比较在白内障合并青光眼病例中植入Acrysof ReSTOR(衍射型多焦点人工晶状体)及Acrysof Natural(单焦点人工晶状体)后人工晶状体眼的视功能状态,评价多焦点人工晶状体在白内障合并青光眼病例中应用的临床效果及安全性。方法将24例青光眼合并白内障患者(已行滤过性手术或虹膜根切术)在随机化基础上按自愿选择的原则分为两组,多焦点人工晶状体组11例(11眼),单焦点人工晶状体组13例(13眼),行白内障超声乳化吸除术,按分组植入不同类型的人工晶状体。术后1周、1个月、3个月观察术眼非矫正远、近视力,最佳矫正远、近视力,矫正远视力下近视力。结果多焦点人工晶体组患者术后3个月平均裸眼远视力(0.78±0.11),平均裸眼近视力(0.63±0.09),矫正远视力下近视力(0.67±0.17)。术后裸眼远近视力较术前有显著提高。单焦点人工晶体组患者术后3个月平均裸眼远视力(0.77±0.11),平均裸眼近视力(0.36±0.17),矫正远视力下近视力(0.13±0.09)。结论通过适当的选择患者,衍射型多焦点人工晶状体可为青光眼合并白内障患者提供良好的远、近视力,降低患者术后对眼镜的依赖。     

微创青光眼手术在原发性闭角型青光眼联合手术中的应用研究进展

青光眼是世界首位不可逆性致盲眼病, 中国作为原发性闭角型青光眼发病率最高国家, 重视和改进其治疗方法是降低致盲率的有效途径。随着微创青光眼手术(MIGS)技术的发展, 原发性闭角型青光眼的治疗方法更新迭代。本文汇总目前国内外相关文献, 总结MIGS在原发性闭角型青光眼联合手术治疗中的应用进展, 提示MIGS可能成为未来治疗原发性闭角型青光眼的优选联合方法, 为临床提高青光眼治疗水平提供参考。     

Corrección de la presbicia tras cirugía cristaliniana. ¿Dónde nos encontramos en 2020?

IntroductionPresbyopia is the progressive and irreversible loss of accommodation due to aging. It is one of the main causes of loss of quality of life in people from 45 years of age, due to the, often novel, dependence on spectacles. The eagerness to correct it by ophthalmologists impulsed by the desire of millions of people who suffer from it, has become one of the main drivers for the development of intraocular lens (IOL) technology over the last twenty years.Material and methodsThis review briefly presents the different alternatives that have allowed us to improve the crystalline lens surgical approach of presbyopia; from monofocal lenses and monovision technique, accommodative, refractive, and diffractive multifocal lenses, and finally the most recent extended depth of focus/field lenses known as EDOFs.ResultsEach IOL has its advantages, limitations and disadvantages. Furthermore, there is no single lens that suits the needs of all patients.ConclusionsIt is necessary to know the variety of lenses available, and to have an in-depth understanding of their optical properties, as well as the impact that these will have later on their clinical performance and on the visual quality of the patients. This should help us to select the best alternative for each of them.     

Hematoma endocapsular: complicación inusual tras facoemulsificación y esclerectomía profunda no perforante

Case reportA 68-year-old male with a cataract and uncontrolled primary open angle glaucoma with maximal tolerated medication underwent non-penetrating deep sclerectomy combined with phacoemulsification surgery in right eye. There were no complications during the procedure, but shortly after the surgery, he lost visual acuity after a Valsalva manoeuvre due to an endocapsular haematoma. Neodymium:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy was performed for the treatment of an unresolving endocapsular haemorrhage at the third month of the follow-up, with immediate visual improvement and optimal control of intraocular pressure.DiscussionTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of endocapsular haematoma as a complication of non-penetrating glaucoma surgery that has been successfully solved by a YAG capsulotomy.     

超声乳化术并发症临床分析

目的探讨白内障超声乳化摘除及人工晶体植入并发症的发生及减少并发症的方法。方法在56眼用角巩缘隧道切口超声乳化摘除白内障并植入美国产小光学面硬晶体，术后观察视力及手术并发症。结果矫正视力1．0以上者29眼（51．8％），0．5至0．9者22眼（39．3％），0．5以下者5眼（8．9％）。虹膜损伤6眼（10．7％）、晶体囊膜破裂15眼（26．8％）、人工晶体位置异常2眼（3．6％）、角膜混浊13眼（23．2％）、术中脉络膜脱离2眼（3．6％）。结论提高手术技术、缩短手术时间是减少该手术并发症的主要方法。     

晶状体超声乳化术中并发症的预防和处理

目的：探讨晶状体超声乳化术中并发症的预防和措施。方法：对各种类型白内障1136眼进行超声乳化及人工晶状体入术。结果：术中并发症包括切口不当、前房深度变化，后囊破裂，晶状体核坠入玻璃体等。结论：并发症发生与超声乳化本身的损害因素，术者的操作技术及经验密发相关。     

白内障超声乳化手术中后囊破裂的预防

目的：探讨白内障超声乳化手术中后囊破裂的预防措施。方法：对286例318眼超声乳化手术中发生的28眼后囊破裂原因进行分析。结果：318眼内白内障超乳化手术中28眼后囊破裂（8．8％），前80例发生率最高达14例（17．5％），随着熟练程度不断提高发生率相对减少，手术至150眼时22例（14．66％），后期168例仅6例（3．5％），后囊破裂的并发症有玻璃体溢出8例，硬核碎片坠入后玻璃体腔2例，其中1例1月后发生视网膜脱离，结论：后囊破裂的发生率与手术医生的操作熟练程度呈负相关。     

超声乳化治疗原发性闭角型青光眼的临床研究

目的了解原发性闭角型青光眼早期合并白内障超声乳化术的疗效.方法对42例急性闭角型青光眼临床前期,先兆期或缓解期,以及慢性闭角型青光眼早期合并白内障病人,随机分为A组(白内障超声乳化吸出联合人工晶状体植入术)和B组(虹膜周边切除术)观察手术前后眼压、前房深度、前房角及视力情况.结果 A组术后第1天眼压升高,随后降至正常.术后平均前房深度(4.56±0.52 mm),较术前(2.30±0.20 mm)加深.经统计学分析差异有显著意义.术后比术前房角增宽,差异也有显著意义.视力明显提高.结论在原发性闭角型青光眼早期合并白内障的治疗中,超声乳化手术可以加深前房,开放房角,既能提高视力,又能避免青光眼发作.