康柏西普联合玻璃体切割术治疗视网膜血管瘤引起的 视网膜脱离的疗效观察

目的 回顾性分析视网膜毛细血管瘤(RCH)引起的视网膜脱离患者行单纯玻璃体切割手术或玻璃体腔注射康柏西普联合玻璃体切割手术的治疗效果。 方法 采用23 G玻璃体切割术和激光凝固和(或)冷冻疗法治疗15例(15眼)由RCH引起的视网膜脱离患者,其中6例(6眼)玻璃体腔内注射康柏西普7 d后行玻璃体切割术(注射组),9例(9眼)单纯行玻璃体切割术(未注射组)。记录手术时间、最佳矫正视力(BCVA)、眼底情况、荧光素血管造影(FFA)结果以及全身情况,并进行比较分析。 结果 未注射组中,7眼视网膜平复、肿瘤消退,1眼出现新的RCH,1眼复发视网膜脱离。注射组中,5眼术后视网膜平复、肿瘤消退,1眼复发视网膜脱离。 结论 23 G玻璃体切割联合玻璃体腔注射康柏西普,对RCH引起的严重的出血性视网膜脱离有较好的疗效,可明显减少手术时间及术中出血,减少手术次数。根据FFA的结果行激光光凝和(或)冷冻治疗是治疗成功的重要因素。     

重组人干扰素α-2b凝胶联合电离子治疗扁平疣疗效观察

目的：观察重组人干扰素α-2b凝胶联合电离子治疗扁平疣的疗效。方法：将92例扁平疣患者随机分为两组,治疗组：46例,用电离子破坏疣体表面后,重组人干扰素α-2b凝胶早晚各外涂一次于疣体表面;对照组：46例,单用重组人干扰素α-2b凝胶外涂。结果：治疗组患者治愈率为71.74%,有效率为91.3%;对照组治愈率为23.91%,有效率为56.52%。两组在治愈率及有效率上均有显著性差异。结论：重组人干扰素α-2b凝胶联合电离子术治疗扁平疣在疗效上明显优于单用重组人干扰素α-2b凝胶治疗。     

MEBO在面部扁平疣微波治疗后的应用体会

目的：观察美宝湿润烧伤膏（MEBO）外用治疗面部扁平疣微波治疗后创面的疗效。方法：80例患者微波治疗术后创面均外涂MEBO。结果：80例患者随访一年，一次性治愈72例（面部扁平疣全部消退；无瘢痕，无色素沉着），占90％。二次治愈8例占10％。总有效率100％，无副作用。全部患者创面9天左右结痂愈合，无一例出现创面感染。结论：MEBO外涂治疗面部扁平疣微波治疗术后创面疗程短，疗效可靠，使用方便，无副作用，为较好的治疗方法。     

Radiological findings and healing patterns of incomplete stress fractures of the pars interarticularis

Objective The objective was to retrospectively record the CT and MRI features and healing patterns of acute, incomplete stress fractures of the pars interarticularis. Method The CT scans of 156 adolescents referred with suspected pars interarticularis stress fractures were reviewed. Patients with incomplete (grade 2) pars fractures were included in the study. Fractures were assessed on CT according to vertebral level, location of cortical involvement and direction of fracture propagation. MRI was also performed in 72 of the 156 cases. MRI images of incomplete fractures were assessed for the presence of marrow oedema and cortical integrity. Fracture healing patterns were characterised on follow-up CT imaging. Results Twenty-five incomplete fractures were identified in 23 patients on CT. All fractures involved the inferior or infero-medial cortex of the pars and propagated superiorly or superolaterally. Ninety-two percent of incomplete fractures demonstrated either complete or partial healing on follow-up imaging. Two (8%) cases progressed to complete fractures. Thirteen incomplete fractures in 11 patients confirmed on CT also had MRI, and 92% demonstrated oedema in the pars. Ten out of thirteen fractures (77%) showed a break in the infero-medial cortex with intact supero-lateral cortex, which correlated with the CT findings. MRI incorrectly graded one case as a complete (grade 3) fracture, and 2 cases as (grade 1) stress reaction. Six fractures had follow-up MRI, 67% showed partial or complete cortical healing, and the same number showed persistent marrow oedema. Conclusions Incomplete fracture of the pars interarticularis represents a stage of the evolution of a complete stress fracture. The direction of fracture propagation is consistent, and complete healing can be achieved in most cases with appropriate clinical management. CT best demonstrates fracture size and extent, and is the most appropriate modality for follow-up. MRI is limited in its ability to fully depict the cortical integrity of incomplete fractures of the pars, but the presence of marrow oedema on fat-saturated T2-weighted sequences is a useful means of detecting acute spondylolysis.     

Neonatal tracheal changes following in utero fetoscopic balloon tracheal occlusion in severe congenital diaphragmatic hernia

Objective

To report postnatal tracheal changes after in utero fetoscopic balloon tracheal occlusion in severe congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH).

Design

Case series.

Setting

Tertiary care center, CDH National Reference Center.

Patients

Seven consecutive newborn infants with severe CDH who underwent fetoscopic balloon tracheal occlusion.

Interventions

Flexible laryngotracheoscopy and histological aspect observed at necropsy in 2 nonsurvivors.

Results

All infants displayed elongation and relaxation of the posterior tracheal wall, intermittently obstructing the lumen during tidal breathing. Whereas the cartilage displayed adequate rigidity, the pars membranacea appeared both flaccid and loose. Tracheal widening (tracheomegaly) was seen in all cases. Histology (n = 2) pointed to structural modifications throughout the pars membranacea, that is, loss of epithelial folding and of longitudinal elastic network and focal muscular disruption. The cartilage displayed no visible or histologic changes. The above tracheal changes were not symptomatic, except for a barking cough during increased respiratory efforts.

Conclusions

Tracheal widening and intermittent collapse of the posterior wall of the trachea during tidal breathing was found in 7 consecutive newborns who underwent fetoscopic balloon tracheal occlusion, causing mild clinical symptoms. Endoscopic tracheal assessment might provide useful information in children with CDH, in particular, when they underwent in utero fetoscopic balloon tracheal occlusion.     

糖尿病视网膜病变行玻璃体切割术患者的焦点解决短程治疗干预

目的 探讨焦点解决短程治疗用于糖尿病视网膜病变行玻璃体切割术患者的护理干预效果.方法 将96例拟行玻璃体切割手术治疗的糖尿病视网膜病变患者随机分为对照组与观察组各48例.对照组给予眼科常规护理及心理护理,观察组在对照组基础上实施焦点解决短程治疗心理干预.采用焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表、视功能损害眼病患者生活质量量表及自制护理满意度量表对两组患者进行效果评价.结果 干预后观察组焦虑、抑郁评分显著低于对照组,生活质量及护理满意度显著高于对照组(均P＜0.01).结论 焦点解决短程治疗可改善糖尿病视网膜病变行玻璃体切割术患者负性情绪,提高其生活质量及护理满意度.     

Bilateral cervical spondylolysis of C7

Background context

Cervical spondylolysis, which is defined as a cleft between the superior and inferior articular facets of the articular pillar, is a rare condition. The sixth cervical vertebra (C6) is the level most commonly affected. Cases involving C2, C3, C4, or C5 have also been reported. However, to date, no case of C7 spondylolysis has been reported.

Purpose

To present a rare case of bilateral spondylolysis of the seventh cervical vertebra (C7) in a 58-year-old man.

Study design

A case report.

Methods

A 58-year-old man visited our hospital with chronic posterior neck pain radiating to the left upper extremity. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study revealed left foraminal disc herniations at C5–C6 and C6–C7. Cervical spondylolysis involving C7 was discovered incidentally during computed tomography (CT)–guided transforaminal steroid injection. Plain radiographs, CT images, and MRIs were reviewed thoroughly once again.

Results

The patient’s symptoms were relieved after he received CT-guided transforaminal steroid injections. Plain radiographs revealed a radiolucent defect in the articular pillar and cleft at the spinous process of C7. Computed tomography confirmed bilateral spondylolysis and spina bifida occulta of the C7 vertebra. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed absence of edema, which was suggestive of a chronic lesion.

Conclusion

Involvement of C7 is not exceptional in a case of cervical spondylolysis.     

俯卧位面部支架的研制及在玻璃体填充术后患者舒适护理中的应用

目的提高玻璃体填充术后患者的舒适度。方法将90例玻璃体填充术后患者随机分为观察组和对照组各45例。对照组术后胸前及前额各垫一软枕，双上肢自然放于头部两侧。观察组术后胸前垫一软枕，面部采用自行设计的俯卧位面部支架支撑。运用自制量表观察并记录两组患者舒适度的主客观指标。结果观察组俯卧维持时间、俯卧睡眠时间及舒适度自我评价显著优于对照组（均P〈0．01）．术后强迫体位所致的胸闷、胸骨痛、颈肩部酸痛、肢体麻木等不适显著减少（均P〈0．01）。结论俯卧位面部支架能有效提高玻璃体填充术后患者的舒适度，巩固手术疗效。     

经睫状体扁平部玻璃体切割手术治疗糖尿病视网膜病变患者玻璃体视盘牵拉的临床观察

目的探讨经睫状体扁平部玻璃体切割手术（PPV）治疗糖尿病视网膜病变患者玻璃体视盘牵拉（VPT）的手术方法和临床疗效。方法选取糖尿病视网膜病变存在VPT的患者298例382只眼,设为VPT患眼;无VPT214眼,设为对照眼。对V胛患眼实施PPV。分别于术前对V胛患眼和对照眼进行最佳矫正视力（BCVA）、裂隙灯、眼底镜、荧光素眼底血管造影（FFA）、经光学相干视网膜断层扫描（OCT）、视觉诱发电位（VEP）及视野等眼科相关检查,术后1个月、3个月时分别对VPT患眼进行复查,分析各组间BCVA、盘沿视网膜厚度、VEP（P100潜伏期、振幅）、视野改变的情况。结果VPT患眼视盘区域损伤严重,主要表现为大片增殖膜,玻璃体腔混浊,视盘隆起视杯变浅或消失等。术前VPT患眼组BCVA、P100潜伏期、盘沿视网膜厚度均高于对照眼组,P—VEP振幅低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（t=4．51±11．25,P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。术后所有患者玻璃体腔清晰,视盘牵拉解除,视神经纤维贴附,视盘生理凹陷形态逐渐恢复,视网膜脱离者均复位,视野检查生理盲点扩大或向心性缩小情况改善．视力较术前均有2行以上的提高。术前、术后1个月、术后3个月临近两时点比较,BCVA、P100潜伏期、盘沿视网膜厚度均逐渐降低．P—VEP振幅逐渐增高,差异具有统计学意义（t=3．59～9．11,P〈O．05或P〈0．01）。结论糖尿病视网膜病变中玻璃体视盘牵拉综合征的存在具有一定的普遍性和严重性．早期PPV可有效解除玻璃体视网膜交界面的牵拉,恢复视神经的形态和功能,对患者视野、视力具有较好的改善作用,对糖尿病视网膜病变中玻璃体视盘牵拉的早期识别和处理具有一定的指导借鉴意义。     

46例晶状体脱位手术治疗疗效观察

目的 分析手术方式对晶状体脱位疗效的影响.方法 回顾性分析解放军总医院2010年1月至2015年5月晶状体脱位患者46例(66眼)的临床资料.晶状体脱位患者根据病因分为先天性(36眼)、外伤性(8眼)、自发性(22眼)三类,采用晶状体超声乳化吸出、闭合式玻璃体切除联合晶状体切除,或在前述手术基础上联合视网膜、青光眼等其它的手术方式.结果 脱位的晶状体选择合理的手术方式均成功摘除,术后矫正视力51眼(77.3％)提高,7眼(10.6％)不变,8眼(12.1％)下降.结论 晶状体脱位的手术方法依据脱位程度、位置及是否存在并发症而定,晶状体超声乳化吸出、玻璃体切除联合晶状体切除术是治疗晶状体脱位较有效的手术方法,合理的手术方式或联合手术均能取得较好的疗效.