DTI在脑膜瘤、胶质瘤及转移瘤患者诊断及手术指导中的应用研究

目的研究磁共振扩散张量成像(DTI)在脑膜瘤、胶质瘤及转移瘤患者诊断及手术指导中的应用价值。方法选择本院2018年2月至2020年3月收治的100例颅内幕上肿瘤患者作为试验组,其中脑膜瘤34例,胶质瘤38例,转移瘤28例,包含良性脑肿瘤34例与恶性脑肿瘤66例,另选同期本院收治的54例颅内幕上肿瘤患者作为对照组。试验组患者术前均接受核磁共振成像(MRI)平扫及增强扫描,DTI检查,术中联合神经系统导航技术切除肿瘤;对照组患者术前均进行常规MRI平扫和增强扫描,并接受传统颅内肿瘤切除术。对比各组表观弥散系数(ADC值)、rADC值、各向异性分数(FA值)、rFA值,观察对照组和试验组手术肿瘤切除率,术后致残率及术后新发运动功能障碍率。结果脑膜瘤组肿瘤实质区ADC值、rADC值、FA值、rFA值均高于胶质瘤组及转移瘤组(P<0.05),胶质瘤组ADC值、rADC值低于转移瘤组(P<0.05);胶质瘤组与转移瘤组FA值及rFA值比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。良性肿瘤组ADC值、rADC值、FA值、rFA值高于恶性肿瘤组(P<0.05)。恶性肿瘤瘤周白质区rADC值高于对侧正常白质区(P<0.05),FA值、rFA值低于对侧正常白质区(P<0.05),恶性肿瘤瘤周白质区与对侧正常白质区ADC值比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。试验组肿瘤切除率明显高于对照组(P<0.05),术后致残率明显低于对照组(P<0.05),两组术后新发运动功能障碍率比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论DTI检查能够利于颅内肿瘤类别的鉴别诊断,且可反映颅内肿瘤和周围白质纤维束的关系,指导临床手术方案的制定。     

脑膜瘤的磁共振(MRI)诊断分析

目的探讨和分析在脑膜瘤患者诊断中,应用磁共振成像(MRI)的临床意义和诊断价值。方法以2012年6月至2014年6月入我院治疗的脑膜瘤患者128例作为观察对象,先采用MSCT检查,没有获得肿瘤与脑膜全面的具体位置关系,再使用磁共振成像技术进行检查。结果这128例患者中,通过MRI检查,脑膜瘤位于大脑凸面71例,大脑镰有27例,蝶骨嵴有3例,小脑桥脑角7例,乙状窦1例,矢状窦1例,鞍旁有18例,两次检查差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论脑膜瘤应用MRI诊断联合MSMSCT诊断效果显著,值得临床借鉴和推广。     

中央回区矢状窦旁脑膜瘤的显微手术治疗

目的 探讨中央回区矢状窦旁脑膜瘤的手术方法和治疗效果.方法 应用显微手术治疗中央回区矢状窦旁脑膜瘤36例.对36例患者的影像学资料、手术入路、显微手术方法进行回顾性分析.结果 Simpson Ⅰ级切除4例,Ⅱ级切除15例,Ⅳ级切除17例,无手术死亡.术后出现脑水肿及梗死2例,行去骨瓣减压术,术后3个月行颅骨修补术,均恢复工作和生活;术后5例肢体肌力有所改善;10例术后肢体活动障碍新发或加重,其中7例1～8周逐渐恢复,3例一侧肢体不全瘫痪.17例(Ⅳ级切除)术后1个月内行放射治疗.术后随访25例,随访时间3个月～3年.3例SimpsonⅣ级切除的患者术后1～3年复发,均再次手术.结论 充分的术前评估、术中避免脑皮质的损伤、中央沟静脉及引流静脉的保护和上矢状窦的合理处理均可保证和提高手术疗效.术中不应过分追求肿瘤全切除而损伤功能区脑组织、引流静脉及上矢状窦.     

不同岩斜区脑膜瘤手术入路的疗效分析

目的探讨岩斜区脑膜瘤采用不同手术入路的治疗效果。 方法回顾性分析中山大学附属第一医院神经外科自2013年6月至2020年6月收治的76例岩斜区脑膜瘤患者的临床资料,分析其临床表现、手术效果,同时对不同手术入路的手术效果和并发症进行比较。 结果76例岩斜区脑膜瘤,肿瘤全切除42例（55.3%）,次全切除28例（36.8%）,部分切除6例（7.9%）。术后病理提示世界卫生组织（WHO）Ⅰ级脑膜瘤71例（93.4%）,WHOⅡ级脑膜瘤5例（6.6%）。术后颅神经受损26例,脑干受损2例,脑脊液漏4例,颅内感染5例。术前平均卡氏功能状态（KPS）评分为（73.6±8.7）分,术后6个月平均KPS评分为（79.7±8.8）分,术后6个月平均KPS评分高于术前（P<0.05）。对不同入路而言,颞下组全切率高于乙状窦后组（P<0.05）,但术中出血量多于乙状窦后组（P<0.05）。 结论岩斜区脑膜瘤大多为良性肿瘤,且多数岩斜脑膜瘤可以获得全切除或次全切除。颞下入路全切率高,但术中出血多于乙状窦后入路。     

Obsessions appear after the removal a brain tumor in the right frontal lobe

A series of case reports and neuroimaging research points to the underlying neuropathological substrate for obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) and the underlying associations between OCD and areas of the frontal lobe. We report a patient wherein the onset of OCD occurred after resection of meningioma of the right frontal lobe and who was treated successfully with paroxetine hydrochloride. We suggest that the onset of secondary (organic) OCD is associated with the frontal lobe, and we propose that the origin of obsessions is located in the right frontal lobe.     

Positive association of Bx genotype,KIR2L5, KIR2DS5 and full-length KIR2DS4 with the risk of meningioma

BackgroundNK cells as a part of innate immune system, are controlled by a set of activating and inhibitory KIR receptors (aKIR, iKIR) which are implicated in tumor microenvironment immunity through a variety of activating and inhibitory immune signals. KIRs are multi gene family receptors that differ in the number and type of genes among individuals. In the current research we determined the KIRs genes and genotypes impact on predisposition to meningioma development in Iranians.MethodsSequence-specific primers-polymerase chain reaction (SSP-PCR) was performed for genotyping of 16 KIRs in 159 meningioma cases and 362 age and sex matched healthy controls (CNs) at Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research.ResultsComparison of the KIR genotypes frequencies between cases and controls disclosed a highly significant increase in Bx genotype, CxTx subset and Cen AB and Tel AB in meningioma cases and a decrease in AA genotype, C4Tx subset and Cen AA, Tel AA, Tel BB in healthy controls.Among all 16 KIR genes, the carriers of KIR2DL5 and KIR2DS5 constituted a much greater proportion in meningioma than control group. Comparison of carrier frequencies of KIR2DS4 variants between case and controls revealed a higher frequency of KIR2DS4 full length (KIR2DS4fl) in meningioma cases and a lower frequency of KIR2DS4 deleted variant (KIR2DS4del) in controls. Furthermore, the simultaneous presence of 2DS5, 2DS4fl, CenAB, TelAB and absence of 2DS4del, CenAA, TelAA, TelBB, magnify the risk of developing meningioma substantially (OR ≈ 23). Altogether, 41 distinct KIR genotypes were characterized in 521 subjects. Among them, some individuals were characterized by seven peculiar genotypes that the linkage disequilibrium between KIR2DS2-KIR2DL2 and KIR2DL5-KIR2DS3-KIR2DS5 has not been detected. The carriers of certain genotypes with presence of as KIR2DL5 and absence of KIR2DS3, KIR2DS5 constituted a much higher proportion in meningioma than control group which increase the risk of meningioma up to 72 times.ConclusionThis case- control study suggests carriers of Bx genotype, KIR2DL5, KIR2DS5, 2DS4fl, ≥ 4 iKIR, CxTx subset as well as Cen AB and Tel AB are associated with an increased risk of developing meningioma whereas carrying KIR2DS4del, AA, C4TX genotypes and Cen AA, Tel AA, Tel BB reduce the genetic predisposition for meningioma.     

增强FLAIR T2WI序列在脑膜瘤中的表现及价值

目的:通过与增强T1WI的比较研究探讨增强FLAIR T2WI在脑膜瘤中的表现及价值。方法:回顾性分析38例脑膜瘤患者共42个脑膜瘤的常规SE T1WI和FLAIR T2WI增强序列影像表现,对比小脑膜瘤组(直径<2cm)及大脑膜瘤组(直径>2cm)在常规SE T1WI和FLAIR T2WI增强中瘤体的强化程度,并分析两者间差别。结果:两组强化程度显著性存在统计学差异,大脑膜瘤组在增强T1WI序列较FLAIR T2WI增强序列强化显著多见;而小脑膜瘤组在FLAIR T2WI增强序列较增强T1WI序列强化显著多见。结论:增强FLAIR较增强T1WI更有助于小脑膜瘤的显示和判断,但在大脑膜瘤显示肿瘤本身上不及增强T1WI。     

脑膜瘤端粒酶活性与细胞增殖的关系及临床意义研究

目的:观察脑膜瘤端粒酶活性表达与细胞增殖的关系,探讨它们不同的预后诊断价值。方法:脑膜瘤病例41例,分为良性、非典型性、恶性(WHO Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级)三组。用TRAP法检测端粒酶活性表达。免疫组化LDP法标记PCNA,并计数PCNA标记指数(PCNA LI)。结果:41例脑膜瘤中13例(31.7％)表达端粒酶活性,WHOⅡ级组与WHOⅢ级组高于WHOⅠ级组(P<0.05,P<0.05)。41例脑膜瘤平均PCNALI为(19.32±15.87)％,WHOⅡ级组和WHOⅢ级组较WHOⅠ级组高(P<0.05,P<0.05)。WHOⅡ级组中端粒酶活性组的PCNA LI高于无端粒酶活性组(P<0.05)。端粒酶活性阳性表达与组织学分级和PCNA LI呈正相关(r=8.24,r=7.05)。结论:非典型及恶性脑膜瘤肿瘤细胞端粒酶的活性伴随着细胞增殖活性的增加而升高,两指标的联合应用对预后判断有重要意义。对于良性脑膜瘤端粒酶活性不表达更有实际意义。     

脑脊液细胞学检测对以头痛起病的脑膜癌病诊断的意义

目的 探讨脑膜癌病的临床特点和诊断方法.方法 回顾性分析以头痛为首发症状的患者41例,经脑脊液细胞学确诊为脑膜癌病28例,结合文献进行分析.结果 经脑脊液细胞学检查发现异形细胞的患者共28例,余13例分别诊断为偏瘫性偏头痛1例,普通偏头痛2例,眼肌麻痹性偏头痛2例,特发性颅内压增高症3例,肌紧张性头痛3例,静脉窦血栓2例.结论 脑膜癌病临床表现无特异性,临床上常以头痛起病,反复CSF细胞学检查是确诊的重要手段.     

鞍结节脑膜瘤42例临床分析

目的探讨鞍结节脑膜瘤的诊断及治疗.方法对42例鞍结节脑膜瘤的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果肿瘤全切除28例,次全切除9例,部分切除5例,其中颅底重建5例.术后55%病人视力改善,大部分病人恢复正常工作.结论对首发症状为视力视野改变特别是伴持续性头痛者,应行CT或MRI检查,争取早期确诊;肿瘤形状及生长方向是影响肿瘤切除的主要因素,应肿瘤的大小及生长方向确定手术入路;细致的显微手术可以避免损伤鞍区的重要结构,对有颅底骨质破坏者需行颅底重建;应对鞍结节脑膜瘤进行细致分型,从而更有利于手术及估计预后.