Transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis in aortic stenosis: Prevalence,diagnostic challenges,and clinical implications

Transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (ATTR-CA) is a challenging and underdiagnosed cause of heart failure. Advances in cardiac imaging have enabled noninvasive diagnosis of ATTR-CA, causing the recent upsurge in disease awareness and detection. ATTR-CA has been increasingly recognized in patients with degenerative aortic stenosis (AS). With the growing number of elderly patients undergoing aortic valve intervention, the identification of ATTR-CA in this group of patients is of high clinical importance. Timely and correct diagnosis is essential for amyloid-directed therapies, as well as deciding on the AS treatment strategy. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent studies investigating coexistence of these two entities. We present the data on the prevalence of ATTR-CA in AS and their prognostic associations. As the diagnosis of ATTR-CA may be challenging, special attention is paid to the diagnostic utility of different imaging modalities, namely, echocardiography, cardiovascular magnetic resonance, nuclear imaging, and distinctive imaging features, in patients with dual pathology. We also present a flowchart summarizing integrated imaging in patients with suspected ATTR-CA.     

118例老年妇女子宫脱垂手术分析

子宫脱垂是老年妇女常见疾病,中重度子宫脱垂常影响病人的生活质量,而需手术治疗。由于老年人各器官功能退化,以及各种合并症的存在,对手术的耐受性下降,手术安全隐患增加,因此,不少医师及病人对手术心存顾忌。本文回顾分析了我院1995年1月至2005年3月间以子宫脱垂为第一诊断的     

64排螺旋CT血管造影对颅内动脉瘤手术的指导价值

目的探讨64排螺旋CT血管造影(CTA)对开颅夹闭术治疗颅内动脉瘤的临床指导价值。方法依据CTA检查结果,对56例颅内动脉瘤的患者行动脉瘤夹闭术。CTA扫描层厚0.625mm,后处理技术包括多层面重建(MPR)、表面遮盖三维重建(3-SSD)、容积显示重建(VR)、最大密度投影重建(MIP)。对照手术结果,评估CTA对颅内动脉瘤诊断和手术的指导价值。结果CTA共发现56例58个动脉瘤,手术共夹闭56个动脉瘤。①手术中发现动脉瘤的位置与CTA检查结果完全一致,符合率为100%。②术中有5个动脉瘤瘤体无法完全暴露,其余51个动脉瘤瘤体形态术中观察结果与CTA结果完全吻合,其中24个椭圆形、19个圆形动脉瘤的瘤顶指向与手术发现完全吻合。③CTA对动脉瘤与主要分支动脉关系的检测结果与手术观察完全吻合,其中49个动脉瘤瘤颈与分支动脉无关,7个动脉瘤瘤颈累及分支动脉。④CTA共发现21个动脉瘤瘤体有泡状突起,其中术中证实15个突起部位即为动脉瘤破裂部位,6个未发现破裂口。⑤CTA检测的动脉瘤瘤颈平均直径为(5.92±0.86)mm;术中测量平均为(6.13±1.06)mm。⑥所有动脉瘤瘤颈宽度的检测,CTA与手术结果差异...     

Perceptual learning in clear displays optimizes perceptual expertise: learning the limiting process

Human operators develop expertise in perceptual tasks by practice or perceptual learning. For noisy displays, practice improves performance by learned external-noise filtering. For clear displays, practice improves performance by improved amplification or enhancement of the stimulus. Can these two mechanisms of perceptual improvement be trained separately? In an orientation task, we found that training with clear displays generalized to performance in noisy displays, but we did not find the reverse to be true. In noisy displays, the noise in the stimulus limits performance. In clear displays, performance is limited by noisiness of internal representations and processes. Our results suggest that training in one display condition optimizes the limiting factor(s) in performance in that condition and that noise filtering is also improved by exposure to the stimulus in clear displays. The asymmetric pattern of transfer implies the existence of two independent mechanisms of perceptual learning, which may reflect channel reweighting in adult visual system. These results also suggest that training operators with clear stimuli may suffice to improve performance in a range of clear and noisy environments by simultaneous learning by two mechanisms.     

重危瓣膜病变合并巨大心脏的外科治疗

目的:报道181例重危瓣膜病变合并巨大心脏的外科治疗体会。方法:回顾性分析181例瓣膜外科病例中合并巨大心脏临床资料,男性76例,女性105例,年龄15～57岁,平均(45.7±15.2)岁。分为2组:巨大左心房(GLA)组84例,左心房内径(LAD)70～150mm,平均(80.3±17.5)mm;巨大左心室(GLV)组97例,左心室舒张末内径(LVEDD)70～112mm,平均(79.4±12.7)mm。患者全部行瓣膜置换术,其中GLA组行主动脉瓣与二尖瓣双瓣膜置换术12例,二尖瓣置换术72例,同期行三尖瓣环缩成形术42例,左心房血栓清出13例;84例均作左心房折叠术。GLV组行主动脉瓣置换术38例,主动脉瓣与二尖瓣双瓣膜置换术27例,二尖瓣置换术32例,二尖瓣置换术均保留全部或部分瓣膜和瓣下结构,同期行三尖瓣环缩成形术18例,左心房血栓清出4例,左心房折叠术21例。结果:手术早期死亡率GLV组和GLA组分别为9.3%和6.0%,GLV组明显高于GLA组(P<0.05);死亡原因GLV组以室性心律紊乱为主(55.6%),明显高于GLA组(P<0.05);GLA组以呼吸衰竭为主。术后1个月超声心动图显示,GLA组LAD平均(60.1±12.1)mm,GLV组LVEDD平均(56.6±16.1)mm,较术前明显缩小(P<0.01)。心功能恢复良好。结论:瓣膜置换同期左心房折叠术有利于改善合并巨大左心房的术后恢复;保留二尖瓣瓣膜及瓣下结构有利于合并巨大左心室病例的恢复。     

Appraisal of surgical resection of gallbladder carcinoma with special reference to hepatic resection

Carcinoma of the gallbladder a gastrointestinal malignancy with an extraordinarily poor prognosis. However, aggressive surgery, with special reference to hepatic resection, may improve survival. To prove this, we performed a retrospective analysis over an 18-year period to investigate the experience of a center that began employing liver resection in patients with gallbladder cancer in 1978. The analysis was based on patients' documentation and regular follow-up to January 1996. The standard procedures were extended cholecystectomy (cholecystectomy with lymphadenectomy and wedge hepatic resection), anatomic segmentectomy of segments IVa and V, and extended hepatectomy. Significance was assessed by the log-rank test. Thirty-nine patients were resected, curatively in 41% (n = 22; group I) and palliatively in 31% (n = 17; group 2). In 28% (n = 15; group 3) a palliative or no operation was performed. Only curatively resected patients were analyzed and followed up to January 1996. No patients in group 1 died postoperatively. The actuarial 5-year survival rate of the patients with curative resection was 55%. Four patients had stage I, two had stage II, four had stage III, and two had stage IV disease according to TNM-classification. Six of the 16 patients without lymph node metastasis survived more than 5 years. A significant difference in long-term survival was recognised between stage II and stage IV patients and between stage (pT1a)- and (look Table 1b ) (pT1b)-patients (P < 0.01). Diagnostic efforts should focus on detecting early stages I and II gallbladder cancer. In advanced cases, aggressive surgery, particularly with hepatic resection, is the method of choice and is successful even in patients 70 years and older.     

Prognosis of Patients With Severe Aortic Stenosis After the Decision to Perform an Intervention

Introduction and objectives

Current therapeutic options for severe aortic stenosis (AS) include transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) and surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR). Our aim was to describe the prognosis of patients with severe AS after the decision to perform an intervention, to study the variables influencing their prognosis, and to describe the determinants of waiting time > 2 months.

开胸经导管植入带瓣膜支架置换肺动脉瓣的实验观察

目的 探讨开胸经导管植入带瓣膜支架置换肺动脉瓣的可行性以及6个月的实验效果.方法 以新鲜的羊心包为材料,给予0.6％戊二醛浸泡36 h后缝合在瓣膜环上,并将其固定在镍钛记忆合金自膨胀支架上,制成带瓣膜肺动脉支架.选择体重为(23.5±3.1)kg的健康羊,通过开胸穿刺右心室前壁,将带瓣膜支架经导管植入至肺动脉瓣处,置换自身肺动脉瓣膜,随访6个月,观察实验效果.结果 1只羊术后4个月死于肺动脉支架内血栓形成,4只羊随访6个月,心脏彩色超声、右心室以及肺动脉瓣上造影证实支架的位置及瓣膜功能良好,64排CT检查发现支架无移位.结论 开胸经导管植入带瓣膜支架置换肺动脉瓣方法可行,随访6个月效果理想.     

新型野战综合手术救治方舱使用管理探讨

介绍了新型野战综合手术救治方舱的功能及结构特点,通过参与卫勤演练与动物实验、巡回医疗相结合的方式进行人装结合训练,对新型野战综合手术救治方舱使用中的管理流程进行探讨,解决其使用管理中存在的问题,使综合手术救治方舱的综合效能及卫勤保障能力得到提升。