Time to surgery and 30-day morbidity and mortality of periprosthetic hip fractures

Background and aim

The management of femoral periprosthetic fractures following hip replacement surgery is a complex and challenging situation. Whilst the early complications for both primary hip arthroplasty and proximal femoral fracture surgery have been widely documented, there is a paucity of published data regarding early outcomes following periprosthetic fracture surgery.Delay to surgery for native proximal femoral fractures has been clearly documented as a predictor towards adverse outcome. This study therefore aims to correlate the timing of operative intervention with the complication rate following periprosthetic fracture surgery. In addition, the study aims to identify further factors in the perioperative period that positively predict a poor postoperative outcome.

Methods

Sixty patients who were operatively managed for a femoral implant periprosthetic fracture were identified and each case assessed retrospectively.

Results and conclusion

There was an overall complication rate of 45% including a 30-day mortality of 10%. An abbreviated mental test score of 8 out of 10 or less and a delay to surgery of >72 h were found to be significant risk factors for adverse outcome. Both the patient cohort in this study and the predictors for poor postoperative outcome were comparable to those for native proximal femoral fractures.     

Mortality and morbidity after spinal surgery in patients with Parkinson's disease: a retrospective matched-pair cohort study

Background Context

There is a lack of information about postoperative outcomes and related risk factors associated with spinal surgery in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD).

Aprotinin in cardiac surgery patients: is the risk worth the benefit?

Background: Aprotinin is the only Food and Drug Administration-approved agent to reduce haemorrhage related to cardiac surgery and its safety and efficacy has been extensively studied. Our study sought to compare the efficacy, early and late mortality and major morbidity associated with aprotinin compared with e-aminocaproic acid (EACA) in cardiac surgery operations. Methods: Between January 2002 and December 2006, 2101 patients underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), valve surgery or CABG and valve surgery in our institution with the use of aprotinin (1898 patients) or EACA (203 patients). Logistic regression and propensity score analysis were used to adjust for imbalances in the patients’ preoperative characteristics. The propensity score-adjusted sample included 570 patients who received aprotinin and 114 who received EACA (1–5 matching). Results: Operative mortality was higher in the aprotinin group in univariate (aprotinin 4.3% vs EACA 1%, p = 0.023) but not propensity score-adjusted multivariate analysis (4% vs 0.9%, p = 0.16). In propensity score-adjusted analysis, aprotinin was also associated with a lower rate of blood transfusion (38.8% vs 50%, p = 0.04), a lower rate of haemorrhage-related re-exploration (3.7% vs 7.9%, p = 0.04) and a higher risk of in-hospital cardiac arrest (3.7% vs 0%, p = 0.03) and a marginally but not statistically significantly higher risk of acute renal failure (6.8% vs 2.6%, p = 0.09). In Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, the risk of late death was higher in the aprotinin compared to EACA group (hazard ratio = 4.33, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.60–11.67, p = 0.004). Conclusion: Aprotinin decreases the rate of postoperative blood transfusion and haemorrhage-related re-exploration, but increases the risk of in-hospital cardiac arrest and late mortality after cardiac surgery when compared to EACA. Cumulative evidence suggests that the risk associated with aprotinin may not be worth the haemostatic benefit.     

广州部分医院急性胰腺炎住院患者发病学调查

目的 探讨本地区急性胰腺炎的发病趋势、病因变化。方法 回顾性分析我院及广州市白云区石井医院1985～2004年急性胰腺炎（AP）住院患者1492例临床资料,并对结果进行统计分析。结果 AP在Y1、Y2、Y3、Y4各年度段发病构成比分别为8.3％,17.8％,22.5％,46.2％（P〈0.05）,住院构成比分别为2.13‰,7.63‰,9.87‰,13.5‰（P〈0.05）,病死率分别为7.82％,8.61％,6.73％,5.97％（P〉0.05）。在前后10年胆道疾病相关AP分别为54.6％,60.1％（P〉0.05）,高脂血症相关AP分别为13.3％,22.8％（P〈0.05）,酗酒相关AP分别为19.1％,12.3％（P〈0.05）。结论 近20年来AP发病持续增加,胆道疾病仍为主要病因,高脂血症升为第二位原因,其次为酗酒。     

2835例成人心脏病构成比分析

本文对1957～1963年及1979～1987年二个阶段我院内科住院的心脏病2835例进行构成比对比分析。冠心病、心肌疾病、心律失常的构成比在第二阶段中明显升高,而高心病、肺心病及先心病的构成比两个阶段变化不大,风心病、克山病、心包炎及梅心病的构成比则明显下降。本文为心血管疾病的防治工作提供了流行病学方面的基础资料。     

改良POSSUM评分系统在预测老年人股骨粗隆间骨折手术风险中的应用价值

目的 探讨应用POSSUM评分系统预测老年人股骨粗降间骨折术后病死率及并发症发牛率的价值.方法 2007年1月至2008年12月回顾性分析119例老年股骨粗隆间骨折患者,按照适用于骨科的改良型POSSUM评分系统评估量表对每例患者进行生理学评分及手术严重度评分,将数据代人原始POSSUM回归公式计算出术后死亡概率及术后并发症发生概率,据此概率计算出预测死亡人数和发生并发症人数,并与观察到的实际死亡人数和发生并发症人数进行比较.结果 POSSUM评分系统预测术后30 d内42例(35.3%)发生并发症,实际发生并发症39例(32.8%),(χ2=0.168,P=0.682);预测术后30 d内死亡11例(9.2%),实际死亡5例(4.2%)(χ2=2.412,P=0.120).结论 改良POSSUM评分系统能较好的预测老年患者股骨粗隆间骨折术后30 d内的并发症发生率及病死率,对于高危患者(预测病死率>20%)的预测结果更加准确;其生理学评分量表可用于老年股骨粗隆间骨折患者的术前评估;肺部疾病是导致老年股骨粗隆间骨折患者术后死亡的首要因素.     

Total arch repair versus hemiarch repair in the management of acute DeBakey type I aortic dissection

Objective: In acute DeBakey type I aortic dissection, it is still controversial whether to perform extended aortic replacement to improve long-term outcome or to use a conservative strategy with ascending aortic and hemiarch replacement to palliate a life-threatening condition. Methods: Between 1999 and 2009, 188 consecutive patients (93 women; mean age, 57.4 ± 11.7 years) with acute DeBakey type I aortic dissection underwent hemiarch (Hemiarch group; n = 144) or total arch replacement (Total arch group; n = 44) in conjunction with ascending aorta replacement. Clinical outcomes were compared after adjustment for baseline characteristics using inverse-probability-of-treatment weighting. Results: Median follow-up was 47.5 months (range 0–130.4 months) and was 92.0% (n = 173) complete. Five-year unadjusted survival and permanent-neurologic-injury-free survival rates were 65.8 ± 8.3% and 43.1 ± 9.7% in the Total arch group, and 83.2 ± 3.3% and 75.2 ± 4.0% in the Hemiarch group, respectively (P = 0.013 and <0.001). After adjustment, the Total arch group patients were at greater risks of death (hazard ratio (HR) 2.38, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.21–4.67; P = 0.012), and permanent neurologic injury (HR 3.25, 95% CI 1.31–8.04; P = 0.011) compared to the Hemiarch group patients. The risks of the re-operation for aortic pathology or distal aortic dilatation (>55 mm) were similar for both groups (HR 0.33, 95% CI 0.08–1.43; P = 0.14). Conclusions: Total arch repair was associated with greater morbidity and mortality compared with hemiarch repair in acute DeBakey type I aortic dissection. Rates of aortic re-operation or aortic dilatation were not significantly different between the two surgical strategies. These findings support a conservative surgical approach to circumvent this life-threatening situation.     

A controlled randomized multicenter trial of pancreatogastrostomy or pancreatojejunostomy after pancreatoduodenectomy

BACKGROUND: Only 2 large (more than 100 patients) prospective trials comparing pancreatogastrostomy (PG) with pancreatojejunostomy (PJ) after pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) have been reported until now. One nonrandomized study showed that there were less pancreatic and digestive tract fistula with PG, whereas the other, a randomized trial from a single high-volume center, found no significant differences between the two techniques. METHODS: Single blind, controlled randomized, multicenter trial. The main endpoint was intra-abdominal complications (IACs). RESULTS: Of 149 randomized patients, 81 underwent PG and 68 PJ. No significant difference was found between the two groups concerning pre- or intraoperative patient characteristics. The rate of patients with one or more IACs was 34% in each group. Twenty-seven patients sustained a pancreatoenteric fistula (18%), 13 in PG (16%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 8-24%) and 14 in PJ (20%; 95% CI 10.5-29.5%). No statistically significant difference was found between the 2 groups concerning the mortality rate (11% overall), the rate of reoperations and/or postoperative interventional radiology drainages (23%), or the length of hospital stay (median 20.5 days). Univariate analysis found the following risk factors: (1) age > or =70 years old, (2) extrapancreatic disease, (3) normal consistency of pancreas, (4) diameter of main pancreatic duct <3 mm, (5) duration of operation >6 hours, and (6) a center effect. Significantly more IAC, pancreatoenteric fistula, and deaths occurred in one center (that included the most patients) (P = .05), but there were significantly more high-risk patients in this center (normal pancreas consistency, extrapancreatic pathology, small pancreatic duct, higher transfusion requirements, and duration of operation >6 hours) compared with the other centers. In multivariate analysis, the center effect disappeared. Independent risk factors included duration of operation >6 hours for IAC and for pancreatoenteric fistula (P = .01), extrapancreatic disease for pancreatoenteric fistulas (P < .04), and age > or =70 years for mortality (P < .02). CONCLUSIONS: The type of pancreatoenteric anastomosis (PJ or PG) after PD does not significantly influence the rate of patients with one or more IAC and/or pancreatic fistula or the severity of complications.     

宁波市部分社区糖尿病肾病的中医辨证分型横断面调查

目的：探讨社区2型糖尿病患者的糖尿病肾病发病率及中医证型分布特点.方法：对2010年5月～2010年7月宁波市部分社区1604例2型糖尿病患者进行尿微量白蛋白（MA）及尿N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶（NAG）的检验分析和辨证分型.结果：通过尿MA与尿NAG联合检验,1 604例2型糖尿病患者的糖尿病肾病患病率为28.4％,中医证型分布以气阴两虚型稍偏多.结论：尿MA与尿NAG联合检验可提高糖尿病肾病的筛查率.宁波地区部分社区2型糖尿病患者的糖尿病肾病患病率与国内报道相当,在糖尿病肾病的不同阶段,其中医病机及证型分布有一定相关性.