2010年广州市海珠区15岁及以上居民糖尿病流行特征及危险因素分析

目的了解广州市海珠区15岁及以上居民糖尿病流行特征及其危险因素,为制定科学防控措施提供依据。方法应用多阶段随机抽样方法,抽取15岁及以上常住户口居民共40 053人,血糖检测6 319人,通过入户询问和体检相结合的方法进行调查,运用logistic回归模型分析糖尿病危险因素。结果糖尿病粗患病率为10.71%（标化患病率为7.22%）,男性粗患病率为12.21%（标化患病率为8.03%）,女性粗患病率为9.62%（标化患病率为6.71%）,男性和女性患病率差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。单因素分析结果表明,性别、年龄、职业、文化程度、婚姻状况、体质指数、高血压、糖尿病家族史、中心性肥胖、高血脂是糖尿病患病的影响因素。多因素logistic回归分析结果表明,年龄、单纯性肥胖、中心性肥胖、血脂异常和高血压是糖尿病的危险因素。结论广州市海珠区15岁及以上居民糖尿病患病率随着时间推移继续快速上升,应加强健康教育,推动健康生活方式,注意饮食,控制肥胖、血脂异常和预防高血压,提高自我管理能力,实施社区卫生服务中心系统管理等措施,以预防和控制糖尿病的发生。     

Obesity does not increase morbidity of laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Background

Obesity has historically been a positive predictor of surgical morbidity, especially in the morbidly obese. The purpose of our study was to compare outcomes of obese patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC).

Methods

We reviewed 1382 consecutive patients retrospectively who underwent LC for various pathologies from January 2008 to August 2011. Patients were stratified based on the World Health Organization definitions of obesity: nonobese (body mass index [BMI] < 30 kg/m²), obesity class I (BMI 30–34.9 kg/m²), obesity class II (BMI 35–39.9 kg/m²), and obesity class III (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m²). The primary end points were conversion rates and surgical morbidity. The secondary end point was length of stay.

Results

There were significantly more females in the obesity II and III groups (P = 0.0002). American Society of Anesthesiologists scores were significantly higher in the obesity I, II, and III groups compared with the nonobese (P < 0.05; P < 0.01; and P < 0.0001, respectively). Independent predictors of conversion on multivariate analysis (MVA) included age (P = 0.01), acute cholecystitis (P = 0.03), operative time (P < 0.0001), blood loss (P < 0.0001), and fellowship-trained surgeons (P < 0.0001). Independent predictors of intraoperative complications on MVA included age (P = 0.009), white patients (P = 0.009), previous surgery (P = 0.001), operative time (P < 0.0001), and blood loss (P = 0.01). Independent predictors of postoperative complications on MVA included American Society of Anesthesiologists score (P < 0.0001), acute cholecystitis (P < 0.0001), and a postoperative complication (P < 0.0001). BMI was not a predictor of conversions or surgical morbidity. Length of stay was not significantly different between the four groups.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that overall conversion rates and surgical morbidity are relatively low following LC, even in obese and morbidly obese patients.     

不同主动脉断端加固方法在急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层手术中的应用

目的总结不同主动脉断端加固方法在主动脉夹层手术中的应用及其效果。方法2012年1月至2013年5月,共有95例主动脉夹层在南京医科大学附属南京医院接受手术治疗。根据主动脉断端的加固方法不同,将其中72例患者（23例Bentall手术患者未纳入本研究）分为3组,A组：23例,男18例、女5例,年龄（48．67±9．23）岁,其中主动脉壁内外均使用毛毡条行“三明治”加固;B组：11例,男8例、女3例,年龄（48．00±9．17）岁,仅主动脉内膜内侧使用心包条加固;C组：38例,男29例、女9例,年龄（49．20±8．57）岁,主动脉断端不进行任何加固,与人工血管直接吻合。分析并比较3组患者的术后转归情况。结果术后住院死亡8例[其中A组1例（4．35％,1／23）,C组7例（18．42％,7／38）],住院死亡率11．11％。1例（A组）死于创面广泛渗血,最后出现弥散性血管内凝血;3例（均为C组）死于术后针眼、吻合口广泛渗血,循环不能维持;4例（均为C组）术后三尖瓣重度反流,继发严重低心排血量综合征,最终导致多脏器功能衰竭而死亡。术后严重并发症包括肾功能衰竭5例,呼吸功能不全7例,严重脑梗死致偏瘫1例,轻瘫3例,延迟苏醒2例,下肢缺血坏死1例。术后胸腔引流量C组最多,A组胸腔引流量与B组比较差异无统计学意义。随访64例,随访时间1～6个月。随访期间无死亡。5例肾功能衰竭患者中只有1例定期行血液透析治疗,其余4例患者肾功能均恢复正常;1例脑梗死患者肢体功能部分恢复,可以拄拐行走;3例轻瘫患者肢体功能均恢复正常。结论主动脉夹层断端的吻合质量异常重要,术中可根据具体情况选择合适的加固方式;使用毛毡条行“三明治”加固可以减少吻合口渗血,预防吻合口撕裂所致急性心肌梗死的发生,降低术后死亡率;若主动脉夹层剥离累及冠状动脉开口,需同期行冠状动脉旁路移植术。     

2008～2012年揭东县法定传染病疫情分析

目的：了解揭东县法定传染病疫情变化情况,为制定传染病预防控制策略提供科学依据。方法对揭东县2008～2012年法定传染病疫情资料进行描述性流行病学分析。结果揭东县2018～2012年共报告法定传染病23种14522例,年平均发病率为225.88/10万,发病前3位的依次为肺结核5571例（占38.36%）,乙型肝炎3861例（占26.59%）,手足口病1919例（占13.21%）。结论肺结核、病毒性肝炎仍是揭东县最常见传染病,梅毒、淋病、手足口病、感染性腹泻的发病率呈上升趋势,需要进一步加强监测和预防控制。     

The Global Activity Limitation Index mainly measured functional disability,whereas self-rated health measured physical morbidity

ObjectivesAs the Global Activity Limitation Index (GALI) has only recently been created and it is not yet known whether it adds any additional information to self-rated health (SRH), two hypotheses were tested: (1) GALI is primarily correlated with functional disability and secondarily with morbidity and (2) SRH is primarily correlated with morbidity and secondarily with functional disability.MethodsThe data source used was a subsample of the 2006 Spanish National Health Survey comprising people aged more than 64 years (N = 7,835). Age, sex, social class, physical and mental morbidities, and functional disability were selected as predictors in multinomial logistic regression models, in which GALI and SRH were the outcome variables. Fractional polynomials were used to handle the continuous predictors.ResultsThe results supported, generally, both hypotheses: functional disability was the main correlate of GALI and physical morbidity, rather than mental morbidity, was the main correlate of SRH. Furthermore, mental morbidity was as strong a correlate of GALI as SRH, but physical morbidity was notably less strong a correlate for GALI than for SRH.ConclusionIn older people, GALI mainly measured functional disability, whereas SRH mainly measured physical morbidity.     

Effects of supplemental measles immunization on cases of measles admitted at the Wesley guild hospital,Ilesa, Nigeria

Background

Measles is a highly contagious vaccine-preventable infection which continues to be a significant cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in developing countries particularly those with poor routine immunisation coverage. Supplemental immunisation activities (SIAs) were thus introduced to improve vaccine coverage.

Objective

This study was carried out to assess the impact of the supplemental measles vaccinations on the cases of measles admitted at a tertiary health facility in South west Nigeria.

Methods

Weretrospectivelylooked at therecords of cases of measles in children admitted to the Wesley Guild Hospital, Ilesa over a ten year period (2001 – 2010); five years before and five years after the nationwide commencement of supplemental measles immunisation activities (SIAs) in the region in 2006. Measles cases were defined using the WHO case definition.

Results

Over the ten year study period, a total of 12,139 children were admitted andmanaged; out of which 302 (2.5%) were cases of complicated measles. There was no difference in the mean (SD) of children admitted in the years before and after the introduction of the SIAs {6040 (122.7) vs.6099 (120.2); t-test 0.02, p =0.988.} There was however a remarkable reduction in the proportion of the cases of measles admitted after the introduction of SIAs compared to the period before SIAs (4.3% vs. 0.6% x2=169.580; p < 0.001)

Conclusion

SIAs have remarkably reduced morbidity and mortality associated with measles in the region. We advocate for sustenance of these efforts as well as improvement in routine immunisation coverage to avoid a backlash which can lead to devastating measles outbreak.     

Redefying the therapeutic strategies against cardiorenal morbidity and mortality: Patient phenotypes

Chronic kidney disease(CKD) patients face an unacceptably high morbidity and mortality, mainly from cardiovascular diseases. Diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension and dyslipidemia are highly prevalent in CKD patients. Established therapeutic protocols for the treatment of diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension,and dyslipidemia are not as effective in CKD patients as in the general population. The role of non-traditional risk factors(RF) has gained interest in the last decades. These entail ...     

Implementation of an educational program for pancreaticoduodenectomy in a university hospital: a retrospective observational study

Objective::No ideal training system exists for pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). We developed an educational system that uses an objective structured assessment of ...