肾脏微血管内的压力分布与ANP的作用

本实验在40只大鼠经伺服零测压技术测定的肾脏微血管内压力分布及其ANP的作用均随血管树各段的口径变化而改变。分析小球前各段血管的压力降所占动脉总压降的比例得知:小叶间动脉占总压降的88％。肾小球毛细血管和出球小动脉亦具有较大的压力降。正常对照情况下,肾小球前血管内的压力分布与内径呈直线相关(r=0.869,n=65,P<0.01),其回归方程为平均压()=34.71±0.798×血管内径(D)。给ANP后肾小球前血管内的压力与内径仍呈直线相关(r=0.931,P<0.01),回归方程式为()=38.53+0.765D,其曲线右上移。本文结果提示,肾小球前微血管内压力分布与血管内径密切相关。小叶间动脉的阻力较大。     

缺血后处理改善微循环、减轻骨骼肌缺血再灌注损伤的实验研究

目的:观察缺血后处理(I-postC)对大鼠后肢骨骼肌微循环和缺血再灌注(I/R)损伤的影响。方法:健康雄性Wistar大鼠24只,随机分为3个实验组,即I/R组、I-postC组和预处理(IPC)组(n均=8),左后肢作为自身对照。无创动脉夹夹闭右侧股动脉4h,松夹再灌注2h建立大鼠后肢I/R模型。于再灌注结束时分别检测大鼠胫前肌血氧饱和度(StO2)、微循环、血流动力学变化以及骨骼肌湿、干重比值(W/D)和骨骼肌组织丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果:(1)再灌注I-postC减轻I/R对心功能的抑制,I-postC组+dp/dtmax和-dp/dtmax较I/R组分别增高18.5%和21.3%(P<0.05),I-postC组W/D较I/R组降低4.9%(P<0.05);I-postC组MDA较I/R组降低40.9%(P<0.05)。(2)再灌注I-postC组实验侧细静脉血流速度较I/R组增加8.3%(P<0.05),细动、静脉收缩减轻(细动、静脉内径较I/R组分别增加14.8%和29.1%,P<0.05),与IPC的保护效果接近(P>0.05)。结论:I-postC显著减轻骨骼肌I/R损伤,其保护机制与改善微循环有关。     

Right-left correlation of the sympathetically induced fluctuations of photoplethysmographic signal in diabetic and non-diabetic subjects

Photoplethysmography (PPG) records the cardiac-induced changes in tissue blood volume by light-transmission measurements. The baseline and amplitude of the PPG signal show very low-frequency (VLF) spontaneous fluctuations, which are mediated by the sympathetic nervous system, and high correlation between right and left extremities of healthy subjects. As sympathetic neuropathy is one of the diabetic complications, the right-left correlation of the PPG fluctuations was examined in diabetic patients. The PPG signal was simultaneously measured in the two index fingers and the two second toes of 35 diabetic patients and 33 non-diabetic subjects. For each PPG pulse, the baseline and amplitude were determined, and the right-left correlation coefficients of the VLF fluctuations in the baseline and amplitude were derived. The VLF fluctuations in the baseline showed high right-left correlation, both for fingers (0.93±0.05) and toes (0.93±0.06), for the non-diabetic subjects, and significantly lower correlation (0.78±0.22 and 0.84±0.17, respectively) for the diabetic patients. Similar results were obtained for the amplitude VLF fluctuations. The right-left correlation coefficients for diabetic patients decreased with the disease duration for the toe baseline and toe amplitude fluctuations and correlated with heart rate response to deep breathing for the finger baseline and toe amplitude fluctuations. The right-left correlation coefficients of the PPG fluctuations provide a simple and convenient means for assessing the adequacy of the sympathetic nervous system function.     

深低温体外循环对犬趾蹼微循环指标的研究

本研究表明,深低温体外循环时,犬趾蹼微循环发生的变化与温度有关。平均动脉压(MAP)的变化不能反映组织灌注的优劣情况。毛细血管内的血流速度与灌注流量的高低有关。     

心肌缺血/再灌注前处置时血浆一氧化氮的变化及意义

目的：在兔心肌缺血／再灌注前处置模型的基础上，了解NO在心肌缺血前处置中所起的作用及意义。方法：采用免麻醉后开胸结扎左冠状动脉降支，反复结扎（缺血）10分钟，放开（再灌）5分钟，最后结扎30分钟再灌20分钟造成缺血／再灌注前处置模型后，对比观察了各组动物血浆中NO、TXB2、6－K－PGF1α、SOD和MDA浓度的变化，以及各组动物球结膜微循环及心肌病理学的变化。结果：前处置组血浆NO、6－K－PGF1α、SOD浓度显著高于缺血／再灌注组，而MDA、TXB2浓度明显低于缺血／再灌注组。前处置组心肌超微结构损伤明显轻于缺血／再灌注组，球结膜微循环基本正常。结论：心肌缺血前处置可增加心血管内皮细胞合成NO，而NO具有减轻心肌缺血／再灌注损伤、改善微循环障碍的作用。     

环维黄杨星D治疗心绞痛的甲襞微循环观察

对黄杨碱治疗的６２例冠心病心绞痛甲襞微循环变化进行观察。结果表明：９６．８％（６０／６２）的病例甲襞微循环有异常改变，且病情愈重其改变愈明显。用该药４．５ｍｇ／日（１．５ｍｇ，ｔｉｄ）治疗６０天结果显示：绝大多数微循环异常指标都获改善（Ｐ＜０．０５～０．０１），并认为该药有部分类似茛菪类药物的作用。对少数严重病例的异常微循环改善不明显。心绞痛缓解率及心电图（ＳＴ、Ｔ）改善率分别在７０％以上及５０％～７０％之间。面药对降高明固醇及高甘油三酯作用不明显（Ｐ＞０．０５），而对升高高密度脂蛋白具有较好疗效（Ｐ＜０．０５）。该药无明显毒副作用。     

Hydrogen peroxide-induced Ca responses in CNS pericytes

Objective: The aims of the present study were to elucidate the interaction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Ca²⁺ response in central nervous system (CNS) pericytes. Methods: The intracellular Ca²⁺ concentration was measured using fluorescent Ca²⁺ indicator, fura-2, in cultured CNS pericytes. Results: Hydrogen peroxide evoked a dose-dependent increase in cytosolic Ca²⁺, which was completely inhibited by catalase. Removal of external Ca²⁺ or addition of nicardipine (1 μM) during application of hydrogen peroxide did not affect Ca²⁺ response. Incubation of the cells in Ca²⁺ free solution did not abolish but slightly reduced Ca²⁺ response by hydrogen peroxide. Ca²⁺ response to hydrogen peroxide was not altered by the depletion of intracellular Ca²⁺ by thapsigargin (1 μM). Pretreatment of the cells with tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein (100 μM) or tyrphostin A47 (30 μM) significantly reduced Ca²⁺ increase by hydrogen peroxide. Conclusions: These results indicate that hydrogen peroxide evokes Ca²⁺ increase predominantly by release from intracellular Ca²⁺ store, which may be regulated by tyrosine kinases.     

Substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide: immunohistochemical localisation and microvascular effects in rabbit skeletal muscle

Summary 1. The distribution and microvascular effects of substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) were studied in the rabbit tenuissimus muscle using immunohistochemistry and intravital microscopy. 2. Individual fibers within nerve bundles and along blood vessels in the muscle were found to be immunoreactive (IR) for both SP and CGRP, thus showing an apparently complete coexistence for these peptides. In dorsal root ganglia most SP-positive cells were also CGRP-IR, but the latter cells were somewhat more numerous than SP-IR cells. 3. When applied topically to the muscle, both SP and CGRP increased blood flow in a dose-dependent manner, but CGRP was more potent and caused responses of longer duration. Both SP and CGRP dilated transverse arterioles, but they had little or no effect on the smaller terminal arterioles. This resulted in a redistribution of blood flow to the connective tissue adjacent to the muscle. 4. SP, but not CGRP, elicited vigorous vasomotion in larger arterioles and caused the formation of aggregates of platelets and leukocytes in the venules. Neither flow increase, nor vasomotion or aggregate formation were influenced by pretreatment of the animals with mepyramine, cimetidine or indomethacin. Capsaicin (1 M) had a powerful effect on transverse arterioles resembling that of both SP and CGRP. 5. It is concluded that some of the vascular effects hitherto ascribed to SP on the basis of nerve stimulation and application of capsaicin might, at least in part, be due to release of CGRP. Send offprint requests to: A. Ohlen, Department of Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, S-104 01 Stockholm, Sweden     

吸烟对甲襞微循环的影响

目的为了研究吸烟对健康人体的危害.方法采用观测人体甲襞微循环的方法,检测了急、慢性吸烟对微循环的影响.结果吸烟组受试者的甲襞微循环的管袢形态、血液流态、管周状态和总积分值均有异常改变,与对照组比较有显著差异(P＜0.01).结论提示吸烟可造成组织缺氧、血粘度增高,引起机体微循环明显障碍.     

兴义地区97例健康吸烟者的血流变学及甲襞微循环的变化

目的 探讨不同烟龄、吸烟量的吸烟者的血流变学及甲襞微循环的变化及意义。方法 随机选择97例不同烟龄、吸烟量的吸烟者,年龄23－52岁,不吸烟者37例,年龄21－54岁,均为健康体检者。进行全血粘度、血浆比粘度、红细胞压积（HCT）及甲襞微循环的各项积分值（形态、流态、袢周状态、总积分）的统计分析。结果 不同烟龄、吸烟量的吸烟者在全血粘度、血浆比粘度及甲襞微循环的各项积分值与不吸烟者有显著性差异（P＜0．05或P＜0．01）。结论 吸烟者的血流变学及甲襞微循环有显著性改变,尤其是通过甲襞微循环表现得更为突出。