改良耳内切口下不附加切口的鼓室成形术

目的　介绍在耳内切口下不附加其它切口取乳突骨膜或软骨的方法;并将骨膜、软骨膜、软骨-软骨膜复合片、颞肌筋膜修复鼓膜的手术情况和效果进行对比。方法通过耳内切口不附加切口取乳突骨膜、软骨,或通过耳后附加切口取颞肌筋膜,利用这些自体材料用于鼓室成形术。并将两种方法的相关因素进行对比。对比项目包括:手术耗时、各种材料的成功率、近期听力学效果、局麻手术率、患者对两种切口的满意率。结果不附加切口的手术方式所取用的自体组织材料可以达到和颞肌筋膜同样的听力效果、手术成功率(P=0.777和0.977);但由于不附加耳后切口,手术时间显著缩短(54.9±11.6对80.42±11.8 min,P=0.000),局麻手术率高(P=0.000),患者对手术切口的满意度高(P=0.000)。结论耳内切口可以方便地直接取乳突骨膜或是软骨用于鼓室成形术。这样可以快速、高效地完成手术,并达到更好的美容效果,节约医疗成本。     

湿润烧伤膏联合三维微波治愈化脓性指头炎1例报告

给予2020年10月瓦房店市妇婴医院收治的1例化脓性指头炎患者于切开引流术后采用湿润烧伤膏联合三维微波治疗,治疗12 d后创面基本愈合,患指外观及功能基本恢复正常。     

湿润烧伤膏在肛周脓肿切开引流术后创面中的应用效果分析

【摘要】 目的 探讨湿润烧伤膏在肛周脓肿切开引流术后创面中的应用效果。方法 选取 2018 年 1 月至2020 年 12 月福建中医药大学附属人民医院收治的 80 例拟行肛周脓肿切开引流术治疗的肛周脓肿患者作为研究对象, 按照随机数表法将其随机分为治疗组 (40 例) 和对照组 (40 例)。治疗组患者肛周脓肿切开引流术后创面采用中药消痔洗剂联合湿润烧伤膏治疗, 对照组患者肛周脓肿切开引流术后创面采用中药消痔洗剂联合乳酸依沙吖啶治疗, 对比观察两组患者术后创面疼痛程度、分泌物分泌情况、肉芽组织生长情况以及创面愈合率与创面愈合时间。结果 术后第 7、14 天, 治疗组患者创面疼痛评分均明显低于对照组 (Z = - 2.506、- 2.912, P =0.012、0.004)。术后第 7、14、21 天, 治疗组患者创面分泌物评分均明显低于对照组 (Z = - 2.622、- 2.874、- 2.507, P = 0.009、0.004、0.012)。术后第 14 天, 治疗组患者创面肉芽组织评分明显低于对照组 ( Z =- 2.774, P = 0.006)。术后第 21 天, 治疗组患者创面愈合率明显高于对照组 (t = 2.372, P = 0.020)。治疗组患者创面愈合时间明显短于对照组 (t = 9.176, P < 0.001)。结论 与乳酸依沙吖啶相比, 湿润烧伤膏更能有效减轻肛周脓肿术后创面疼痛, 促进肉芽组织生长, 缩短创面愈合时间。     

Factors that influence the incision-delivery interval at caesarean section and the impact on the neonate: a prospective cohort study

Objective

To determine the range of, and influences on, the incision-delivery interval (IDI) and the impact on neonatal condition at delivery.

Study design

Analysis of prospectively collected cohort data from all women delivered by caesarean section over 12 months in an obstetric unit delivering 6000 women per year. Prospective data were collected from clinical records, with factors that influence IDI and relationship to neonatal condition at birth as the main outcome measures.

Results

IDI was recorded for 1379 (93%) caesarean sections and ranged between 1 and 37 min; median (IQR) was 6 (5–8) min, and for 3% the interval was longer than 15 min. Category 1 and 2 caesarean sections had shorter IDI than categories 3 and 4 and intrapartum operations had significantly shorter IDI at 5 (3–8) min than antepartum at 7 (5–9) min (P < 0.0001). Factors associated with longer IDI included previous delivery by caesarean section, increased maternal body mass index (BMI), regional anaesthesia, larger neonatal birthweight and technical problems including intraperitoneal adhesions, but did not include fetal malpresentation, multiple pregnancy, grade of surgeon or stage of labour. IDI had no impact on neonatal condition at birth.

Conclusions

Prolonged IDI does not adversely affect neonatal outcome, but factors associated with prolonged IDI should be acknowledged when assessing decision-to-delivery interval target times.     

湿润烧伤膏治疗剖宫产及会阴侧切术后切口愈合不良疗效观察

目的 观察湿润烧伤膏治疗剖宫产及会阴侧切术后切口愈合不良的临床疗效.方法 选取2017年6月至2019年12月廊坊市第四人民医院收治的60例剖宫产及会阴侧切术后切口愈合不良产妇作为研究对象,并按照随机数表法将其随机分为观察组与对照组,每组30例,观察组患者局部切口采用湿润烧伤膏换药治疗,对照组患者局部切口采用常规碘伏消...     

产妇会阴侧切术后切口感染病原菌分布及相关因素

目的探讨产妇会阴侧切术后切口感染病原菌的分布特征,分析影响产妇会阴侧切切口感染的危险因素,为会阴侧切切口感染的防治提供依据。 方法选择2014年3月至2018年10月重庆市开州区人民医院产科收治的461例会阴侧切产妇为研究对象进行回顾性分析,依据细菌培养结果分为感染组（46例）和未感染组（415例）。统计会阴侧切后切口感染病原菌种类和构成比,采用Logistic非条件回归分析产妇会阴侧切切口感染的危险因素。 结果入组产妇会阴侧切切口感染率为9.98%（46/461）;共检出菌株43株,其中革兰阴性菌占53.49%（23/43）,革兰阳性菌占39.53%（17/43）。大肠埃希菌和表皮葡萄球菌为会阴侧切切口感染主要致病菌,检出率分别为25.58%和23.26%。54.35%（25/46）产妇存在两种或两种以上病原菌感染。单因素分析结果显示,产妇会阴侧切术后切口感染与产妇BMI、阴道产检次数、胎膜早破、产程、切口长度、助产士工作年限、术后住院时间、妊娠期合并糖尿病、生殖道感染有关（P均< 0.05）,而与产妇年龄、是否为初产妇、是否急诊分娩无关（P均> 0.05）。Logistic回归分析结果显示,产妇BMI （OR = 2.282、95%CI：1.958～8.265、P < 0.001）、阴道产检次数（OR = 1.855、95%CI：1.065～4.682、P = 0.002）、胎膜早破（OR = 2.085、95%CI：1.730～7.165、P < 0.001）、生殖道感染（OR = 2.732、95%CI：2.015～10.562、P = 0.015）、妊娠期合并糖尿病（OR = 3.337、95%CI：2.356～12.526、P < 0.001）、产程（OR = 1.714、95%CI：1.305～4.928、P < 0.001）均为产妇会阴侧切切口感染的独立危险因素。 结论受多种因素影响,产妇会阴侧切切口感染发生率较高,大肠埃希菌和表皮葡萄球菌为主要致病菌。临床应对增加切口感染发生率的危险因素采取针对性措施进行干预,以降低会阴侧切术后切口感染的发生。     

硫酸镁对瑞芬太尼引起痛觉过敏的影响

目的研究大鼠切口痛模型中硫酸镁对瑞芬太尼诱发的痛觉过敏的影响。方法 42只雄性SD大鼠,随机均分为七组:切口痛组(I组)、瑞芬太尼组(R组)、切口痛+硫酸镁组(MgI组)、切口痛+瑞芬太尼+硫酸镁(250、500、1 000 mg/kg)组(MgR1、MgR2、MgR3组)、对照组(C组)。MgI、MgR组均于麻醉前10 min腹腔注射硫酸镁稀释液4 ml,余组给予相应生理盐水4 ml。除C组外,各组均制作切口痛模型。各组均测定并计算出术前24 h(T0),术后6、24、48 h(T1、T2、T3)大鼠右后爪的热缩足反射阈值(PWTL)及机械缩足反射阈值(PMW)。结果与I组比较,T1~T3时R组PWTL值明显缩短,PMW值明显减少(P<0.05);MgI组PWTL值缩短和PMW值减少(P<0.05)。与R组比较,MgR1、MgR2、MgR3组PWTL值缩短和PMW值减少(P<0.05)。结论硫酸镁可减轻大鼠切口周围组织疼痛,并能缓解由瑞芬太尼诱发的切口周围组织痛觉过敏。     

A comparison of circumumbilical and transverse abdominal incisions for neonatal abdominal surgery

Purpose

Although neonatal bowel surgery traditionally involves a transverse abdominal incision, several authors have reported that the circumumbilical incision is effective and cosmetically appealing. We report the first study comparing the circumumbilical incision to the transverse abdominal incision for a variety of neonatal abdominal operations.

Methods

Retrospective cohort analysis comparing the circumumbilical incision to the transverse abdominal incision for neonates who underwent surgical repair of malrotation, duodenal atresia/web, or intestinal atresia/web was performed between 1999 and 2009.

Results

One hundred thirty-two patients underwent a laparotomy through a transverse abdominal incision (n = 106) or a circumumbilical incision (n = 26). Baseline characteristics between groups were similar. No differences were found when comparing operative time, postoperative days on a ventilator, narcotic infusion, time to full feeds, length of hospital stay, incidence of surgical site infection, and bowel obstruction. Although more incisional hernias occurred in the circumumbilical incision group (38%) than the transverse abdominal incision group (6%), all hernias in the circumumbilical group resolved without intervention, whereas 33% required surgical repair in the transverse abdominal group.

Conclusions

Because of its cosmetic advantages and similar outcomes to the transverse abdominal incision, the circumumbilical incision should be considered as an alternative to the transverse abdominal approach in neonatal surgery.     

切开挂线对口引流与术后活性敷料换药治疗肛周脓肿80例疗效观察

为克服肛周脓肿传统治疗方法的不足,达到肛周脓肿一次性根治,减少并发症的目的,采用主病灶切开挂线术结合对口引流术,术后换药应用皮肤创面无极诱导活性敷料治疗高位及多间隙脓肿80例,全部治愈。结果表明,该术式具有损伤小,疼痛轻,愈合快等优点。     

主灶切开挂线支管开窗对口引流治疗高位复杂性肛瘘

为提高高位复杂性肛瘘的疗效,最大限度地减轻术后肛门功能障碍,减少并发症,将128例高位复杂性肛瘘分为治疗组和对照组。治疗组68例采用主灶切开挂线支管开窗对口引流治疗,对照组采用传统的切开挂线术治疗。结果显示,治疗组68例一次性手术治愈66例,2例行二次手术后治愈,一次性治愈率97％;对照组60例一次性手术治愈55例,经二次手术治愈5例,一次性治愈率91．7％。随访1年,治疗组复发3例,对照组复发8例。治疗组平均疗程28．6d,对照组平均疗程39．5d（P〈0．01）。治疗组术后出血3例,对照组11例;治疗组无肛门功能障碍,对照组有肛门功能障碍8例;术后并发症发生率治疗组明显低于对照组（P〈0．01）。结果表明,主灶切开挂线支管开窗对口引流治疗高位复杂性肛瘘,具有治愈率高、复发率低、出血少、疗程短,无肛门功能障碍等优点。