糖尿病合并视网膜脱离术后高眼压的处理及危险因素探讨

目的：观察糖尿病合并孔源性视网膜脱离患者行玻璃体切割术后短期内眼压的波动情况并探讨可能的危险因素及有效的治疗方法。

方法：连续收集100例糖尿病合并高度近视及孔源性视网膜脱离的患者并分为两组：试验组和对照组,试验组患者术后使用妥布霉素地塞米松滴眼液。分别监测术眼玻璃体切割术术前及术后的眼压情况,神经纤维层厚度(RNFL)和视盘参数,同时记录对侧眼术前的情况。实验数据采用Graphpad 7.0进行分析。

结果：所有的糖尿病患者中有42眼在玻璃体切割术后1wk内出现眼压升高,其中试验组31眼,而对照组11眼。术后5d-1wk及1mo时两组间差异有显著统计学意义。随后,39眼经过治疗后眼压下降,3眼接受了青光眼滤过手术。与眼压升高前的视盘各参数相比,眼压升高后,平均及下方RNFL厚度变薄,盘沿面积变小,同时视杯容积和垂直杯盘比增加。眼压升高患者对侧眼的RNFL厚度相比于从未出现高压眼的患者明显变薄。

结论：玻璃体切割术术后连续使用激素类药物是糖尿病合并视网膜脱离患者术后眼压升高的危险因素,并且可疑青光眼患者使用激素后眼压更易升高。     

【In Press】 Effect of body position on the pathogenesis of asymmetric primary open angle glaucoma

AIM: To explore the pathogenesis of asymmetric primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) in both eyes by comparing the intraocular pressure (IOP) of patients who sleep in different positions and to investigate the relationship between IOP variations and sleep positions. METHODS: One hundred thirty-one patients with asymmetric POAG and forty-six healthy volunteers were enrolled. All participants completed a questionnaire that provided information about their sleep laterality. The cup disc ratio (C/D) and visual field defect established binocular asymmetry. The IOP of both eyes was measured using iCare parameters after the patients were asked to change body position. The “worse” and “better” eyes were identified according to the diagnosis, whereas the “dependent” and “independent” eyes were defined according to the lateral position. RESULTS: No significant difference in sleep laterality was observed between healthy people and patients with POAG (F=3.195, P=0.362). Among the enrolled patients, the IOP of the dependent eye was always greater than that of the independent eye in the lateral position (P<0.05). In the patients with binocular asymmetric POAG, the questionnaire clearly showed that 85.7% of left side preferences were found their left eyes to be the worse eyes and the right eyes of 71.4% patients with a right side preference were the more serious. When the asymmetric C/D ratio was greater than or equal to 0.2, the worse eye of patients with POAG and a preferred sleeping position was the dependent eye (X2=16.762, P=0.001). CONCLUSION: A higher IOP was measured in the dependent eye in the lateral position. The long-term tendency to choose a lateral sleeping position might lead the dependent eye to manifest more severe symptoms than the independent eye. Thus, the lateral sleeping position might be one cause of asymmetric POAG.     

Evaluation of discomfort of Goldmann tonometry without anaesthetic

Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT) is considered the gold standard technique for tonometry. It is a procedure involving administration of topical anaesthetic (a drug which could have several side effects). This prevents a large number of vision care practitioners from using GAT, due to legal restrictions regarding the use of these ophthalmic drugs. The purpose of this study was to establish whether the discomfort experienced during non‐anaesthetic Goldmann Applanation Tonometry (NAGAT) would be acceptable to subjects. The intensity of pain inflicted by GAT, NAGAT, Non‐Contact Tonometry (NCT) and Schirmer test was assessed on thirty‐one subjects enrolled in the study using the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) to assess pain. The GAT was performed on one eye and the other three procedures were carried out in random order on the fellow eye. Initially, each subject was asked to score their Maximum Pain Without Complaint (MPWC). The MPWC and the Schirmer test were used as references to grade the pain levels. The scores for the five procedures were registered using the NRS (0–10) and compared using a non‐parametric statistical analysis (Friedman test and a post‐hoc analysis). In addition, IOP results for GAT and NAGAT were also compared using the t‐test. The scores obtained on the NRS ranged from 0–4, 0–5, 0–8, 0–7 and 3–8 with a median of 1, 1, 2, 2, and 5, respectively for NCT, GAT, NAGAT, Schirmer and MPWC. A statistically significant difference (p = 0.01) was found between the MPWC and the four clinical tests but no difference was found between the clinical tests. There was no statistically significant difference (p = 0.71) between the IOP results for GAT and NAGAT, 14.0 ± 2.0 mmHg and 13.8 ± 2.0 mmHg (mean ± 1S.D.) respectively. The Goldmann Applanation Tonometry without anaesthetic (NAGAT) can be performed with an acceptable level of discomfort for the majority of subjects and should be performed identically to a traditional GAT, informing the subjects about the possibility of feeling a small discomfort.     

持续高眼压下小梁切除术的改进与分析

目的探讨在持续性高眼压状态下行改进的小梁切除术的安全性及临床治疗效果。方法对49例(51眼)持续性高眼压状态的急性闭角型青光眼行如下改进的小梁切除术:1.术中先行前房穿刺并多次放液降压,2.隧道刀制作薄层大巩膜瓣并紧密缝合,3.术中散瞳、术毕皮质类固醇结膜下注射等。回顾性分析手术前后眼压控制情况、视力变化及手术并发症。结果术后观察随访1-6个月,眼压控制≤21 mmHg者46眼,术后视力较术前提高者42眼。本组病例均未出现脉络膜下爆发性出血、脉络膜脱离、恶性青光眼等严重术中、术后并发症。结论对持续高眼压状态的青光眼应积极手术治疗,改进后的小梁切除术可以取得满意疗效,并有效预防和减少并发症的发生。