降钙素原在医院获得性肺炎和呼吸机相关性肺炎的诊断和抗感染管理中的应用价值

医院获得性肺炎(HAP)和呼吸机相关性肺炎(VAP)是我国现患率居第一位的医院感染性疾病。国内外相关指南相继进行了更新,旨在提高HAP/VAP诊断和治疗水平,改善患者的结局,但我们仍然面临诸多挑战。降钙素原(PCT)是较C反应蛋白(CRP)更特异的感染相关生物学标志物,对重症细菌感染和脓毒症具有反应快速、特异性高的优点,动态监测PCT可指导HAP/VAP的诊断及抗菌药物治疗的疗程。     

兔肝脏中羟基磷灰石-阿霉素缓释剂的释放

目的观察羟基磷灰石_阿霉素抗癌复合物局部注射 ,阿霉素在体内的释放过程及其抗肿瘤作用。方法在B超引导下向兔肝左叶内注入羟基磷灰石_阿霉素抗癌复合物。应用荧光分光光度仪测定注射羟基磷灰石_阿霉素抗癌复合物后 ,阿霉素在组织及血浆中的浓度 ,并与无羟基磷灰石的对照组比较。结果此复合药物可在组织中维持有效治疗浓度1000ng·g-15d左右 ,同时与对照组相比注射后即时外周血浆浓度下降约1/2。结论该复合药物局部应用可提高及维持组织有效治疗浓度 ,减少毒副作用     

纳米羟基磷灰石的研究进展

随着纳米技术的发展.人们对纳米羟基磷灰石的研究也增多.本文对纳米羟基磷灰石的合成及表面改性方面的研究进行综述,增加对纳米羟基磷灰石的认识.     

老年人院内获得性肺炎62例临床分析

目的:探讨院内获得性肺炎(HAP)的临床特点、病原菌种、诊断、治疗与预防。方法:对62例老年人院内获得性肺炎进行回顾性分析。结果:临床表现为发热、咳嗽、咳痰、肺部罗音,外周血白细胞增高,胸片有改变者占35.48％,病原菌培养出阴性杆菌占76.92％。结论:HAP临床表现不典型,死亡率高,根据致病菌及药敏,合理选择抗生素。     

羟基磷灰石柱层析法比较几种细菌粘附力的研究

应用羟磷灰石柱层析法层衍变形链球菌MT6R（c血清型）、远缘链球菌OMZ106（d血清型）、乳杆菌和粘性放线菌（ATCC19246），比较不同细胞对羟磷灰石粘附力的大小，并用唾液包被羟磷灰石柱后观察上述细菌粘附力的改变。结果表明无唾液时细菌粘附力依次为变链菌＞远缘链球菌＞粘性放线菌，乳杆菌最弱。有唾液时，变链菌粘附力明显高于其余三种细菌，粘放菌和乳杆菌与无唾液时比较粘附力亦有增强。远缘链球菌的粘附力无明显改变。     

载银羟基磷灰石的合成及其抗菌测试

以羟基磷灰石(HAP)为基质，通过水热法与银离子结合制备抗菌生物陶瓷载银羟基磷灰石(HAP-Ag)。结构上利用X-射线衍射分析，载银羟基磷灰石主要由金属银离子部分取代羟基磷灰石中的钙离子而生成，同时在其组成中还有一定的硝酸根杂质。HAP-Ag的抗菌效果利用平板扩散法针对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌进行定性测试。测试结果显示HAP本身具有一定的抗菌作用，引入金属银离子后的抗菌生物陶瓷HAP-Ag表现出优良的抗菌作用。     

ICU重型颅脑损伤患者医院获得性肺炎现状分析

目的：分析ICU重型颅脑损伤患者医院获得性肺炎（HAP）的发生率、细菌耐药情况等因素,探讨防范措施。方法对 ICU内139例重型颅脑损伤患者进行HAP调查。结果49例发生HAP,发生率35.25%。痰标本细菌学检验分离出致病菌103株,以革兰阴性菌为主,其敏感的抗生素有亚胺培南、头孢哌酮舒巴坦钠、哌拉西林钠舒巴坦钠、阿米卡星;阳性球菌感染少,真菌感染呈增多趋势。结论医院获得性肺炎（HAP）细菌呈现多重耐药、多重感染的特点,合理使用抗菌药物、无菌操作、加强手卫生、严格的保护性隔离措施等有利于减少HAP的发生。     

Identification of QTLs Influencing Alcohol Preference in the High Alcohol Preferring (HAP) and Low Alcohol Preferring (LAP) Mouse Lines

The High- and Low-Alcohol Preferring (HAP1/LAP1 and HAP2/LAP2) mouse lines were developed by selective breeding for differences in alcohol preference. They represent the only extant selectively bred mouse lines developed for this alcohol phenotype. Therefore, they provide a unique resource for QTL detection and mapping. Importantly, neither of the replicate lines is inbred and therefore, novel study designs can be employed to detect loci contributing to alcohol preference. Two independent studies, with very different approaches, were conducted in the HAP and LAP replicate lines. In Study 1, microsatellite markers were genotyped in the replicate HAP1/LAP1 and HAP2/LAP2 mice in QTL regions nominated by other mouse RI and F2 studies in order to detect divergence of allele frequencies in the two oppositely selected lines. Significant differences in allele frequencies were observed in the HAP1/LAP1 mice with markers on chromosome 9 (p<0.01). In the HAP2/LAP2 mice, significant differences in allele frequencies were identified on chromosomes 2 and 9 (p<0.01). In Study 2, a genome-wide screen was performed in a sample of 432 HAP1×LAP1 F2 animals and a QTL on chromosome 9 (LOD=5.04) was found which met criteria for genome wide significance (p<0.001). Gender specific analyses supported a greater effect of the QTL among female mice (LOD=5.19; p<0.0008) than male mice (LOD=1.19). This study provides additional evidence and confirmation that specific regions on chromosomes 9 and perhaps 2 are important for alcohol preference.