羟基磷灰石制剂用于活髓切断术的动物实验研究

用５只１．５～２岁的杂种狗，共１６０个实验牙２４０牙根。采用氢氧化钙碘仿制剂、羟基磷灰石（ＨＡＰ）磷霉素钙制剂、磷霉素钙、ＨＡＰ４种盖髓剂进行了活髓切断术。术后分别观察１、４、８周和６月．结果表明：ＨＡＰ磷霉素钙制剂具有较好的生物相容性和促进牙髓形成牙本质桥的能力，且抗菌性能优越，无变态反应。     

急性呼吸窘迫综合征并发医院获得性肺炎39例病原学分析

目的探讨急性呼吸窘迫综合征并发医院获得性肺炎病原学及对常用抗菌药物的敏感性。方法统计近年来我院符合诊断标准的病例资料,并分析病原学培养结果。结果合并医院获得性肺炎的病原菌以革兰阴性杆菌为主,且对三代头孢菌素较敏感。结论分析急性呼吸窘迫综合征并发医院获得性肺炎的病原学及耐药状况,对临床抗菌药物的选择有一定指导意义。     

Plasmodium berghei HAP2 induces strong malaria transmission-blocking immunity in vivo and in vitro

Fertilization in Plasmodium is a complex process that occurs in the gut of the female Anopheles mosquito upon uptake of a bloodmeal. It requires the emergence of the gametocyte from the RBC and release of eight flagellate male gametes from each male cell, and subsequent fertilization of a similarly emerged immotile extracellular female macrogamete. Previous studies have demonstrated that antibodies against male gamete surface proteins ingested from the blood of an infected and immunized host inhibit parasite transmission. Gene disruption studies in Plasmodium berghei and complimentary studies on the green alga Chlamydomonas have shown that a conserved male gamete sterility gene, HAP2, is essential for fusion of male and female gametes. Genetic disruption of the HAP2 locus revealed that parasite fertilization is prevented, yet hap2 KO male gametes still retained the ability to form tight pre-fusion membrane attachments with females.We demonstrate that heterologous expression of the P. berghei HAP2 protein in Escherichia coli, and subsequent immunization of rabbits, has produced anti-sera that react specifically with recombinant HAP2, and with the native protein on the male gamete. Additionally, anti-HAP2 sera reduces in vitro formation of ookinetes by up to 81%, and, using standard membrane feeding assays, reduces oocyst burden within the mosquito host by up to 81.1%, and prevalence of in vivo infection by up to 34%. Inhibition is dose dependent. These results indicate that HAP2 should be considered as a potential target for any future anti-malarial transmission-blocking vaccine.     

锶磷灰石烧结体修复颌骨缺损的实验研究

目的　用不同比例的元素锶 (Sr)替代羟磷灰石 (HA)中的部分钙元素 ,通过动物实验研究该种复合人工骨在颌骨缺损修复中的应用。方法　将 32只新西兰大白兔 (简称新白 )分为 4组 ,在兔的下颌角造成约 2 m m×12 mm× 4mm的缺损 ,用不同浓度 (10 % ,5 % ,0 % )的含锶 HA块分别予以修复 ,于 2周 ,1月 ,3月 ,6月时随机处死一组进行尸解、组织学、扫描电镜观察以评价其骨修复能力。结果　掺锶羟基磷灰石复合人工骨几乎不引起排斥反应 ,术后早期即随材料的降解 ,新生骨引导进入降解间隙 ,并逐渐诱导未分化细胞转化为成骨细胞 ,随时间延长其成骨量明显较纯羟基磷灰石组为多 ,同时发现 5 %的锶磷灰石烧结体其成骨能力较 10 %者好。结论　掺锶羟基磷灰石较纯羟基磷灰石有更好的组织相容性、骨引导能力及生物降解率 ,并可能具备一定程度的骨诱导能力 ;掺锶羟基磷灰石的骨形成能力与其浓度并不成正相关。     

发热 咳嗽 头发稀疏

<正>患儿男,6月龄,因"发热伴咳嗽半个月"于2009-02-12由南京儿童医院重症监护室(ICU)转入呼吸科。患儿2009-01-28出现不明原因发热,热型不规则,体温最高     

替加环素治疗高龄老年院内获得性肺炎的疗效及安全性分析

目的观察替加环素治疗高龄老年院内获得性肺炎(HAP)耐药鲍曼不动杆菌感染的临床疗效与安全性。方法筛选2014年6月-2015年8月我院老年病科应用替加环素治疗多重或泛耐药鲍曼不动杆菌感染的高龄HAP病例,收集患者临床相关资料,总结分析其临床、细菌学疗效及药物安全性。结果共30例合格病例被纳入研究,分为两组:替加环素单药治疗组6例,临床有效3例,细菌清除1例。替加环素为基础联合其他抗生素治疗组24例,临床有效15例,死亡1例;细菌清除10例。临床总有效率为60%,细菌清除率36.7%。治疗前后患者肝肾功能无明显变化,治疗过程中出现恶心、欲吐不良反应1例。结论替加环素能有效改善高龄HAP耐药鲍曼不动杆菌感染患者的临床疗效,临床可尝试选用替加环素进行治疗,但同时需密切观察其不良反应。     

Proteomic-based identification of haptoglobin-1 precursor as a novel circulating biomarker of ovarian cancer

Screening for specific biomarkers of early-stage detection of ovarian cancer is a major health priority due to the asymptomatic nature and poor survival characteristic of the disease. We utilised two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) to identify differentially expressed proteins in the serum of ovarian cancer patients that may be useful as biomarkers of this disease. In this study, 38 ovarian cancer patients at different pathological grades (grade 1 (n=6), grade 2 (n=8) and grade 3 (n=24)) were compared to a control group of eight healthy women. Serum samples were treated with a mixture of Affigel-Blue and protein A (5 : 1) for 1 h to remove high abundance protein (e.g. immunoglobulin and albumin) and were displayed using 11 cm, pH 4-7 isoelectric focusing strips for the first dimension and 10% acrylamide gel electrophoresis for the second dimension. Protein spots were visualised by SYPRO-Ruby staining, imaged by FX-imager and compared and analysed by PDQuest software. A total of 24 serum proteins were differentially expressed in grade 1 (P<0.05), 31 in grade 2 (P<0.05) and 25 in grade 3 (P<0.05) ovarian cancer patients. Six of the protein spots that were significantly upregulated in all groups of ovarian cancer patients were identified by nano-electrospray quadrupole quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (n-ESIQ(q)TOFMS) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS) as isoforms of haptoglobin-1 precursor (HAP1), a liver glycoprotein present in human serum. Further identification of the spots at different pathological grades was confirmed by Western blotting using monoclonal antibody against a haptoglobin epitope contained within HAP1. Immunohistochemical localisation of HAP1-like activity was present in malignant ovarian epithelium and stroma but strong immunostaining was present in blood vessels, areas with myxomatous stroma and vascular spaces. No tissue localisation of HAP1-like immunoreactivity was observed in normal ovarian surface epithelium. These data highlight the need to assess circulating concentration of HAP1 in the serum of ovarian cancer patients and evaluate its potential as a biomarker in the early diagnosis of ovarian cancer.     

Hydroxyapatite solubility in simple inorganic solutions

OBJECTIVE: To use solid titration and laser-scattering end-point detection to determine the hydroxyapatite (HAP) solubility isotherm at 37 degrees C in a plain KCl solution, with CO(2) present, and with additional phosphate. DESIGN: Pulverised HAP solid was used to perform a titration to saturation. A very sensitive detector capable of detecting the light scattered at small forward angles from a laser beam was adopted to monitor the onset of precipitation (or failure to dissolve) near the equilibrium point. Each addition of HAP solid caused a step increase in scattered light and this signal decreased quasi-exponentially with time. When a steady but elevated scattering was obtained, small portions of 1M HCl were added to lower the pH by about 0.5-2 units, according to need, to dissolve excess solid and allow a further titration. The scatter signal and pH data, plotted against the amount of HAP added, were used to estimate the actual end-point by interpolation and thus construct each point on the solubility isotherm. RESULTS: The solubility isotherm for HAP in plain KCl solution in the absence of CO(2) obtained now differs substantially from the results of previous solubility studies (i.e. much lower). The increase in solubility due to CO(2) reported earlier was confirmed, while the effect of excess phosphate was found to be to increase the apparent solubility of HAP, contrary to elementary mass-action expectations. CONCLUSIONS: The solid titration method is a more reliable approach than that of conventional excess solid method with respect to the determination of the HAP-carrying capacity. The solubility of HAP appears to be substantially lower than previously reported, and a reconsideration of all aspects of the system is warranted.     

羟基磷灰石(HAP)纳米粒子对小鼠H22肿瘤细胞凋亡的影响

目的：研究不同浓度的羟基磷灰石（HAP）纳米粒子对小鼠H22肿瘤细胞凋亡的影响。方法：以腹水瘤（H22）小鼠为对象．观察对照组和高、中、低三个浓度的HAP纳米柱子与小鼠H22肿瘤细胞凋亡的关系。结果：小鼠H22肿瘤细胞对纳米羟基磷灰石（HAP）较敏感，能明显延长小鼠生存期（P〈0．01），与丝裂霉素结果相近（P〉0．05）。实验后小鼠体重没有明显下降。细胞的凋亡率随浓度升高而增大。结论：不同浓度的羟基磷灰石（HAP）纳米粒子能够诱导H22肿瘤细胞的凋亡，并呈剂量依赖性。     

The conserved plant sterility gene HAP2 functions after attachment of fusogenic membranes in Chlamydomonas and Plasmodium gametes

The cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie species-specific membrane fusion between male and female gametes remain largely unknown. Here, by use of gene discovery methods in the green alga Chlamydomonas, gene disruption in the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei, and distinctive features of fertilization in both organisms, we report discovery of a mechanism that accounts for a conserved protein required for gamete fusion. A screen for fusion mutants in Chlamydomonas identified a homolog of HAP2, an Arabidopsis sterility gene. Moreover, HAP2 disruption in Plasmodium blocked fertilization and thereby mosquito transmission of malaria. HAP2 localizes at the fusion site of Chlamydomonas minus gametes, yet Chlamydomonas minus and Plasmodium hap2 male gametes retain the ability, using other, species-limited proteins, to form tight prefusion membrane attachments with their respective gamete partners. Membrane dye experiments show that HAP2 is essential for membrane merger. Thus, in two distantly related eukaryotes, species-limited proteins govern access to a conserved protein essential for membrane fusion.