非嗜酸性粒细胞哮喘诊治进展

哮喘是全球最常见的慢性呼吸系统疾病之一,非嗜酸性粒细胞哮喘（non-eosinophilic asthma,NEA）是哮喘的一种特殊表型,其气道炎症的特征是细胞浸润以中性粒细胞为主,缺乏嗜酸性粒细胞。NEA发病与环境及宿主因素均有关,例如职业暴露、环境污染、吸烟、感染和肥胖,上述风险因素单独或联合作用可以激活特定的细胞和分子途径,导致NEA发生。NEA的临床特征是对标准哮喘治疗的反应不佳,尤其是对吸入性皮质类固醇,导致疾病更严重和难以控制的哮喘。虽然NEA不是最普遍的哮喘表型,但重度哮喘患者中NEA比例高,其重要性不容忽视。本文就近年来NEA的流行病学现状、致病因素、发病机制和治疗现状作一综述。     

基于数据整合模式的基层医疗卫生机构智能报表填写模型构建路径研究

目的/意义 探索面向基层医疗卫生机构的智能自动化模型构建路径,解决报表重复上报问题。方法/过程 运用现场调研和专家咨询等方法,在北京市东城区基层医疗卫生机构开展实地调研,通过信息资源规划方法、数据整合与映射技术等,梳理基层医疗卫生机构业务交互与信息流动情况,研究自动化报表模型的构建路径。结果/结论 建模梳理业务流、数据流,整理报表相关指标库,构建多源数据自动映射模型与规则,为实现基层医疗卫生机构智能报表提供具有可行性的参考路径。     

互联网自助医疗诊断中数据隐私保护方案研究

目的/意义 针对互联网自助医疗诊断中易泄漏患者隐私的痛点,设计一套安全的数据隐私保护方案,既保护患者医疗健康数据,又提供准确的诊断和治疗建议。方法/过程 医疗机构存储的疾病数据和患者医疗健康数据,经同态加密和隐私保护控制技术处理后上传至云服务器,云服务器计算患者医疗健康数据与医疗机构疾病数据之间的相似度并匹配患者疾病情况,将治疗方法发送给患者。结果/结论 基于同态加密和隐私保护访问控制设计的医疗数据隐私保护方案,在互联网自助医疗诊断中能够有效保护患者隐私,同时提供准确的医疗诊断和治疗建议。     

不明原因发热182例临床分析

目的探讨不明原因发热(FUO)的病因分布特点。方法对符合不明原因发热诊断标准的182例病人资料进行分析研究。结果182例病人中有153例最终确诊,确诊率为84.1%。病因分布如下:感染性疾病92例(60.1%),其中结核病51例,位居FUO病因第一位;肿瘤性疾病27例(17.6%),其中淋巴瘤、白血病占66.7%;结缔组织病23例(15.0%),其中Still病占52.2%;其他疾病11例(7.2%),包括坏死性淋巴结炎、药物热、伪热;29例病人最终未被确诊,占15.9%。结论FUO病人的主要病因是感染性疾病,其中结核病是感染的主要病种。另外,肿瘤性疾病和结缔组织病也是FUO常见的病因。     

肺硬化性血管瘤的诊断与治疗--附15例临床分析

对15例肺硬化性血管瘤(SHL)患者临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果显示,15例术前均未确诊,多误诊为肺癌。影像学表现为肺周围性孤立性圆形或类圆形肿块;CT多表现为瘤体内血运丰富;强化CT见瘤体内大幅度均匀增强。4例行术中冰冻病理检查均误诊。所有病例均行手术治疗,以肺叶切除术为主。回顾性分析结果提示,SHL术前多误诊。本病好发于中年女性,右肺多于左肺,下叶多于上叶。CT表现为瘤体内血运丰富,增强CT见瘤体大幅均匀增强有一定诊断价值。术中冰冻病理检查误诊率高,应提高对本病冰冻病理形态学认识。     

肺癌胸腔积液CEA和CYFRA21-1及NSE术中联检的临床价值

目的:探讨术中胸液CEA、CYFRA21-1和NSE联检对肺癌患者预测胸膜微转移的价值。方法:术中采集35例肺癌患者和20例良性肺疾病患者的胸腔积液,应用电化学发光免疫分析(ECLIA)技术,进行CEA、CYFRA21-1和NSE联检。结果:肺癌组CEA、CYFRA21-1和NSE水平分别为(144·81±272·56)、(252·20±171·91)和(107·30±88·53)μg/L,明显高于良性疾病组的(1·94±3·72)、(45·46±34·74)和(43·66±29·88)μg/L,t值分别为-2·335、-5·296和-3·105,P值分别为0·023、0·000和0·003。分别以>8、102和92μg/L为阳性界值,以其中两项或三项阳性为诊断依据,对胸膜微转移有较高的诊断灵敏度(74·3%)和特异度(100%);随访1~12个月,已有5例患者术后出现癌性胸腔积液,其中腺癌4例,鳞状细胞癌1例。结论:初步断定此方法对胸膜微转移有重要的预测价值,其中对肺腺癌患者价值更大。     

Removal of Epimacular Membranes

Vitreous surgery was used to remove epiretinal macular membranes in 328 cases, 184 (56%) of which had membranes that were considered idiopathic and 144 (44%) which were due to other causes. The 12- to 92-month follow-up showed that visual acuity improved two lines or more in 243 (74%) of the eyes, 79 (24%) were unchanged and 6 (2%) became worse. Recurrence of membranes was seen in 24 (7.3%) eyes and 27 (8%) eyes developed complications. In the idiopathic cases visual results were significantly better and complications fewer. Rapidly progressive nuclear sclerosis was noted in 23 (12.5%) eyes. The degree of cystoid edema had no relationship to the final visual result. Pseudoholes which were present in 14 (8%) of the idiopathic cases either became smaller or disappeared following successful surgery with an average increase in acuity of five lines.     

腺苷脱氨酶活性检测在胸腔积液诊断中的临床价值

目的探讨腺苷脱氨酶（ADA）活性测定在胸腔积液诊断和抗结核疗效观察中的应用价值。方法采用北京利德曼生物技术有限公司ADA液体试剂盒,对127例胸腔积液患者胸腔积液中ADA活性进行检测,并对44例结核性胸腔积液和83例非结核性胸腔积液进行ADA活性比较及结核性胸腔积液治疗前、后ADA活性变化比较。结果127例患者胸腔积液中ADA活性增高共43例,其中结核组41例,非结核组2例,结核性胸腔积液组ADA活性为（40．67±10．22）U／L,明显高于癌性胸腔积液组[（5．98±5．56）U／L3及炎性胸腔积液组[（6．35±4．65）U／L3,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;ADA诊断结核性胸腔积液的敏感性为93．2％（41／44）,特异性为97．6％（81／83）。结核性胸腔积液患者ADA活性治疗前[（40．67±10．22）U／L3与治疗后[（9．12±6．24）U／L3比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论胸腔积液ADA活性检测可以作为鉴别结核核性与非结核性胸腔积液的指标,并可作为抗结核治疗疗效观察的指标。     

Screening for unilateral aldosteronism should be combined with the maximum systolic blood pressure,history of stroke and typical nodules

To determine factors associated with lateralization in primary aldosteronism (PA). The clinical data for PA patients hospitalized at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from October 2016 to March 2021 were included in this study. They were classified according to results derived from computed tomography (CT): bilaterally normal nodules (no typical nodules were found in either adrenal glands, only changes in unilateral adrenal hyperplasia thickening or bilateral adrenal hyperplasia thickening), unilateral nodules (typical nodule appears in unilateral adrenal gland, and there are no abnormalities in the contralateral adrenal gland or only thickening of unilateral adrenal hyperplasia) and bilateral nodules (typical nodule like changes in bilateral adrenal glands). Multivariate logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) were used to analyze the factors associated with lateralization of PA and consistencies between adrenal CT images and adrenal venous sampling (AVS) results. A total of 269 patients with PA were recruited, with an average age of 46 years and 112 cases had typical nodules. Results from CT scans revealed that there were 49 bilateral normal cases, 177 cases were unilateral abnormal and 43 cases were bilateral abnormal. In all of the PA patients, multifactorial logistic regression analysis showed that the maximum systolic blood pressure (OR = 1.03, P < .001), history of stroke (OR = 2.61, P = .028), and typical nodules (OR = 1.9, P = .017) were all relevant factors in unilateral primary aldosteronism (UPA). In the unilateral nodule group, multivariate logistic regression analysis suggested that maximum systolic blood pressure (OR = 1.03, P < .001) and typical nodules (OR = 2.37, P = .008) were the related factors for UPA. However, the consistency between adrenal CT and AVS was only 40.68%, while maximum systolic blood pressure (OR = 1.02, P < .001) and plasma aldosterone renin ratio (OR = 1.001, P = .027) were the relevant consistent factors between AVS and CT results. Maximum systolic blood pressure, typical nodules, and history of stroke are important factors to consider when screening for UPA. It is recommended to combine medical history and imaging findings when looking at different subgroups before a clinical decision is made. Patients with PA in the absence of lesions or bilateral lesions on CT should be diagnosed by AVS as far as possible.