Outcome of a 10-year follow-up of laser in situ laser keratomileusis for myopia and myopic astigmatism

PurposeTo evaluate the results of laser in situ laser keratomileusis (LASIK) for myopia/myopic astigmatism over a 10-year period.MethodsWe examined LASIK patients who received regular postoperative assessments over 10 years. We evaluated uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), manifest refraction, best-corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, retreatment rate, safety, efficacy, and complications.ResultsWe studied 5423 eyes between December 1997 and February 2002. The study criteria were met by 346 eyes. A UCVA of 20/40 was achieved in 86.1% of the patients, with 52.0% achieving 20/20 at 10 years. Refraction within 1.00 σ of target was achieved in 76.3% of the patients, and 95.7% were within 2.00 σ at 10 years. Retreatment was required in 124 eyes (35.8%). The preoperative logMAR UCVA of 1.24 improved to −0.08 at 1 month, and slightly decreased to 0.06 at 10 years. The safety and efficacy indices were 1.0 and 0.89 at 1 month, and 0.99 and 0.71 at 10 years.ConclusionWe analyzed 6.3% of patients who regularly returned for postoperative examinations. Despite the relatively low 10-year-visit rate and the inclusion of single- and multiple-treatment cases, our results may represent the real-world picture of LASIK; furthermore, our study shows that LASIK is an effective and safe procedure.     

Corneoplastique?: Art of vision surgery

Corneoplastique incorporates the entire spectrum of Vision corrective surgery including Lasik, premium cataract surgery, corneal surgery, ocular surface surgery and the full range of anterior segment surgery itself in manipulating the optics of every eye towards unaided emmetropia to define each and every eye surgeon as a “Vision Corrective Surgeon”. This concept of approaching each case individually and designing vision therewith enables surgeons to correct not only virgin eyes but also approach complex cases and complications with the goal of 20/20 vision. Armed with this holistic approach, eye surgeons can use minimally invasive, aesthetically pleasing and visually focused surgery in single or staged process aiming for each patient''s Best Vision Potential (BVP) raising eye surgery itself then to an Art!     

三种仪器测量白内障术前角膜生物学参数的比较

目的：比较Pentacam、IOL Master和iTrace三种仪器测量白内障患者术前角膜曲率和散光的测量值的差异。

方法：前瞻性临床研究。收集白内障患者68例82眼，术前均接受IOL Master、Pentacam及 iTrace检查，测量患眼平坦轴角膜曲率(K1)、陡峭轴角膜曲率(K2)、角膜散光及轴向，计算平均角膜曲率(Km)、散光矢量 J0和J45，分析三种仪器测量结果的差异性、相关性和一致性。

结果：三种仪器测量的K1、K2、Km值均无差异(P>0.05)； 三种仪器测量的K1、K2、Km值均呈高度相关(|r|>0.5，P<0.01)，IOL Master与Pentacam、IOL Master与iTrace测量的J0、J45值均呈中度相关(0.3<|r|<0.5，P<0.01)，Pentacam与iTrace测量的J0、J45值均呈低度相关(0.1<|r|<0.3，P<0.05)； Bland-Altman分析法显示三种仪器测得K1、K2、Km、J0、J45一致性差。

结论：Pentacam、IOL Master和iTrace测量角膜曲率及散光之间具有相关性，但一致性差，不可任意替代使用，需根据患者眼部具体情况谨慎选择。     

Afatinib for the Treatment of NSCLC Harboring Uncommon EGFR Mutations: A Database of 693 Cases

IntroductionLimited clinical data are available regarding the efficacy of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR TKIs) in patients with NSCLC harboring uncommon EGFR mutations. This pooled analysis assessed the activity of afatinib in 693 patients with tumors harboring uncommon EGFR mutations treated in randomized clinical trials, compassionate-use and expanded-access programs, phase IIIb trials, noninterventional trials, and case series or studies.MethodsPatients had uncommon EGFR mutations, which were categorized as follows: (1) T790M; (2) exon 20 insertions; (3) “major” uncommon mutations (G719X, L861Q, and S768I, with or without any other mutation except T790M or an exon 20 insertion); (4) compound mutations; and (5) other uncommon mutations. Key end points were overall response rate (ORR), duration of response, and time to treatment failure (TTF).ResultsIn EGFR TKI–naive patients (n = 315), afatinib demonstrated activity against major uncommon mutations (median TTF = 10.8 mo; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 8.1–16.6; ORR = 60.0%), compound mutations (median TTF = 14.7 mo; 95% CI: 6.8–18.5; ORR = 77.1%), other uncommon mutations (median TTF = 4.5 mo; 95% CI: 2.9–9.7; ORR = 65.2%), and some exon 20 insertions (median TTF = 4.2 mo; 95% CI: 2.8–5.3; ORR = 24.3%). The median duration of response for major uncommon mutations, compound mutations, other uncommon mutations, and some exon 20 insertions was 17.1, 16.6, 9.0, and 11.9 months, respectively. Activity of afatinib was also observed in EGFR TKI–pretreated patients (n = 378). A searchable database of these outcomes by individual genotype was generated.ConclusionsAfatinib has clinical activity in NSCLC against major uncommon and compound EGFR mutations. It also has broad activity against other uncommon EGFR mutations and some exon 20 insertions. The data support the use of afatinib in these settings.     

The Effect of Corneal Higher Order Aberrations on Postoperative Residual Astigmatism after Toric IOL Implantation

Background: To demonstrate the effect of preoperative higher order aberrations (HOAs) on postoperative residual astigmatism in toric intraocular lens (IOL) implantation.

Methods: A retrospective, controlled, comparative study that involved patients who underwent toric IOL implantation. Patients were divided into two groups according to the difference between the estimated residual astigmatism and actual postoperative astigmatism [difference ≤0.5 diopters (D), Group A; difference >0.5 D, Group B]. Corneal astigmatisms with axis, and various aberration values were compared between the two groups.

Results: Total RMS and HOA RMS values in Group B were significantly higher than those in Group A (p < .001, = 0.003). The vertical coma value, and its absolute value, in Group B were significantly higher than those in Group A (p < .001, = 0.002). The total RMS and absolute value of the vertical coma showed a positive linear correlation with the degree of residual postoperative astigmatism (R-square = 0.139, 0.131; p = .027, 0.036).

Conclusions: If the residual astigmatism after insertion of the toric IOL was greater than expected, corneal aberrations, shown by total RMS and HOA RMS values before surgery, especially of the vertical coma, tended to be high.     

角膜后表面散光的测量及临床意义

角膜散光由角膜前表面散光（anterior astigmatism，AA）和角膜后表面散光（posterior astigmatism，PA）组成。据文献统计，PA在-0.01~-1.10 D范围内，85.0%~96.1%为逆规散光。随着年龄的增长，PA总体呈现由逆规向顺规漂移的趋势，AA的趋势则与之相反。因此，对于青年人，PA使总角膜散光（total astigmatism，TA）减小；对于老年人，PA使TA增大。在临床上，忽略PA会错误估计TA，影响屈光性白内障手术后的视觉质量。本文旨在介绍PA的测量方法及临床意义，以供眼科医生在临床工作中参考。     

复方妥布霉素滴眼液与普南扑灵滴眼液在儿童斜视术后的疗效观察

目的比较复方妥布霉素滴眼液及普南扑灵滴眼液在儿童斜视术后的抗炎效果及安全性。方法征得患儿父母同意,87例（174眼）3～11岁儿童经全身麻醉或局部麻醉下行双眼斜视术矫正后,随机一眼用普南扑灵滴眼液,另一眼用复方妥布霉素滴眼液,自术后第1天开始,每天4次,持续4周,比较两种滴眼液在术后的抗炎作用及对眼内压的影响。结果两种滴眼液对术后炎症反应均有显著的抑制作用,其抗炎效果比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,复方妥布霉素滴眼液组有明显的升高眼内压作用,普南扑灵组无明显的升高眼内压作用,两者比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论两种滴眼液均对儿童斜视术后有较好的抗炎作用,但普南扑灵无明显的升高眼内压作用。     

Reversible electrophysiological abnormalities in hypokalemic paralysis: Case report of two cases

Compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude declines during a paralytic attack in patients with hypokalemic periodic paralysis (HPP). However, serial motor nerve conduction studies in hypokalemic paralysis have not been commonly reported. We report two cases with hypokalemic paralysis, who had severely reduced CMAPs in all motor nerves at presentation during the episode of quadriparesis. However, the amplitude of CMAPs increased and reached normal levels, as the serum potassium concentration and motor power returned to normal state.     

复方芪术汤对四氯化碳致大鼠肝纤维化的影响研究

目的探讨复方芪术汤对四氯化碳(CCl4)致大鼠肝纤维化药效的干预作用。方法Wistar雄性大鼠30只,随机分为正常组10只和四氯化碳处理组(20只),四氯化碳1 ml/kg,每周2次腹腔注射,正常组注射等量的生理盐水。造模的第8周,四氯化碳处理组大鼠随机分为复方芪术汤组和模型组,每组10只。在继续造模的同时,复方芪术汤组给予70千克成人的10倍量灌胃,模型组给予等量的生理盐水灌胃,给药4周。12周末处死全部大鼠,留取肝组织样本和血清,测定谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、白蛋白(ALB)、总胆红素(TBiL)。结果四氯化碳造模12周,模型组血清ALT、AST活性显著升高;ALB含量显著下降。血清TBiL含量显著升高。与模型组相比,复方芪术汤组大鼠血清ALB含量显著升高,血清ALT和AST活性显著降低(P<0.01)。但复方芪术汤对血清TBiL降低不明显。病理组织学显示,模型组假小叶形成,肝脏纤维化程度分级均为2、3级;复方芪术汤干预组肝小叶结构不同程度被破坏,肝脏纤维化程度分级大部分在1、2级。结论复方芪术汤可以显著改善大鼠肝功能,对CCl4引起的慢性肝纤维化大鼠有很好的降低肝纤维化程度的作用。