《诸病源候论》调息研究初探

《诸病源候论》导引法有很强实践性和操作性,具有明显的中医特色。结合作者练功体会,分析研究《诸病源候论》中调息操作特点,认为《诸病源候论》导引法的调息操作重视补阳,强调吸气及吸气后的停顿,吸气操作出现在从起始姿势到极势的过程中;此外六字诀的使用是建立在六字诀对气机的影响之上。     

汕头市疾病监测点1990-2000年居民死因分析

目的 研究汕头市国家疾病监测点居民死亡模式及其动态变化。方法 对监测点常住居民1990-2000年的死亡监测资料进行死因分析。结果 11年间监测点年均报告死亡率为212.33/10万，年均报告死亡率居前3位的疾病分别为肿瘤（83.22/10万）、心血管疾病（52.75/10万)和呼吸系统疾病(26.91/10万)。恶性肿瘤和心血管疾病年均报告死亡率均呈逐年上趋势，分别由1991年的91.33/10万和55.44/10万，上升至2000年的117 .50/10万和68.04/10万。三大类疾病中，慢性非传染性疾病占总死亡总数87.8%，感染性疾病和产科及围产期疾病占8.6%，意外伤害仅占3.7%。结论 慢性非传染性疾病是严重危害监测点居民健康的疾病，对此应采取综合预防和控制措施。     

湖北省1989年五岁以下儿童死亡调查分析

本文对湖北省1989年五岁以下儿童死亡情况进行了分析。结果表明：全省五岁以下儿童死亡率为50．52‰，1～4岁儿童死亡率为3．24‰。婴儿死亡率为39．11‰，新生儿死亡率为24．22‰。5岁以下各年龄组死亡率均为农村高于城市，农村中山区最高，丘陵其次，平原最低。文章同时分析了全省五岁以下儿童和婴儿前10位主要死亡原因以及主要影响因素。     

北京市288例长寿老人5年纵向观察

报道288例长寿老人5年(1985.6～1990.6)纵向观察结果,5年累计存活率为22.2％,死因依次为心血管病、肺部感染、脑血管病。免疫功能观察,体液免疫无显著变化,细胞免疫有显著降低。慢性支气管炎、肺气肿、老年痴呆、股骨颈骨折及尿失禁等患病率分别由42.2％、42.2％、4.7％、4.7％及3.1％增至68.8％、68.8％、15.6％、14.1％及7.8％。对长寿因素及保健措施进行了讨论。     

胆汁反流性胃炎的中医研究述评

:从病名、病因病机、辨证分型、治疗规律等诸方面 ,对胆汁反流性胃炎的中医研究现状和进展进行了评述。认为今后应在胆汁反流性胃炎的中医病名研究 ,建立完整客观的诊断指标 ,完善辨证分型标准及疗效评定标准 ,加强实验研究等方面多做工作。以利于进一步提高中医药治疗本病的临床水平     

Causes of secondary glaucoma in Paraguay

Summary Glaucoma is the third-most-frequent cause of blindness in the world, with a total of 5.2 million blind people as a result of this disease; 80 % live in developing countries. In Paraguay, after cataract it is the second-most-frequent-cause. Early detection of the risk factors and groups can help to avoid progress of this disease. Trauma, cataract and infectious uveitis represent special risks for developing secondary glaucoma, which is a more frequent cause of blindness in third-world countries than in industrialized nations. Until now there has been little data regarding the causes, disease course, and options for therapy. Therefore, secondary glaucoma was examined in Paraguay to obtain information on the situation in Latin America. The aim of the study was to explore the causes of secondary glaucoma for programs concerning prevention and therapy. From November 1996 to February 1997 patients with secondary glaucoma were examined at the University Hospital of Asunción, Paraguay. After the clinical examination the secondary glaucomas were classified. Patients with primary glaucoma were included in the same period of time as well in order to get the rate of secondary glaucoma. Altogether 293 patients were examined: 61 with secondary and 232 with primary glaucoma. The causes of secondary glaucoma in 73 eyes were: 20 (27 %) with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma, 19 (26 %) with post-traumatic glaucoma, 16 (22 %) with neovascular glaucoma, 4 (5 %) with lens-related glaucoma, 3 (4 %) with glaucoma associated with ocular surgery, 2 (3 %) with pigmentary and 2 (3 %) with corticoid-induced glaucoma. A ratio of 4:1 primary glaucomas to secondary glaucomas was found. The development of special measures for prevention and early therapy is only possible if the causes of this severe disease are explored. The results of this study represent basic information and could help to introduce of prevention programs.      

Renal Replacement Therapy in Patients with Diabetic Nephropathy, 1980-1985: Report from the European Dialysis and Transplant Association Registry

Diabetic nephropathy, a rarely listed cause of end-stage renalfailure (ESRF) among patients starting renal replacement therapy(RRT) in the early seventies, has progressively gained in importanceand become one of the major reasons for the continuous growthof the patient population on RRT in most European countries.Amongst new patients commencing RRT in 1985, the acceptancerate varied between 3 and 12 per million population for typeI diabetes mellitus and between one and four per million populationfor type II diabetes mellitus. Nordic countries, particularlySweden and Finland, had the highest acceptance rate of youngpatients with type I diabetes mellitus whose median ages were38–42 years. In most central and southern European countriesthe median age of patients with type I diabetes mellitus variedbetween 50 and 58 years. The high number of young patients withtype I diabetes mellitus and ESRF in Nordic countries pointto a different natural history of this disease. It cannot beexcluded, however, that the higher median age in other countriesmight result from doctors mistakenly diagnosing type I diseasein patients with type II disease who need insulin treatment.Patients with type II diabetes mellitus had a similar age distributionat start of RRT throughout Europe and their median ages clusteredaround 60 years in most countries. The contribution of haemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis and renaltransplantation was analysed for diabetic compared to non-diabeticESRF. Despite large geographical differences in the proportionaluse of methods of treatment, a general trend to apply CAPD morefrequently in diabetic as compared to non-diabetic patientswas observed, and this was true for countries with both predominanthaemodialysis and predominant transplant programmes. Transplantationwithout prior dialysis was performed in 17% of Swedish and 30%of Norwegian patients with type I diabetes mellitus. In order to better explain the high mortality of patients withdiabetic ESRF, the proportional distribution of causes of deathwas analysed. Myocardial ischaemia and infarction was confirmedto be the leading cause of death in patients with diabetes mellituson RRT. The coronary death rate was estimated to be 10 timesgreater in young patients with type I diabetes mellitus as comparedto their non-diabetic counterparts. Other cardiovascular aswell as infectious causes were recorded in a similar proportionof deaths in diabetics as in non-diabetics. Cancer deaths, however,appeared to be definitely less frequent in patients on RRT dueto diabetic nephropathy.     

《诸病源候论》对宣导术的发挥

《诸病源候论》是一部中医临床病理学和证候学方面的不朽专著,在记述诸证之后多附养生法和宣导术以防治疾病。书中所载不仅保存早已失传的很多内容,并对宣导术有诸多发挥,如解释行功的具体做法,对宣导术理论阐发,对宣导基本术语进行通俗易懂的解释,宣导后附有医嘱,强调调气伴咽津,宣导结合存思,导引饮食忌宜,最早明确“六字决”与脏腑配对及“辨证施功”。     

影响洗胃效果的原因分析

对口服药物中毒的１８例患者，进行经口插管洗胃，并分别留取洗出液进行毒物检测，目测洗出液澄清无味时留取最终标本检测毒物含量。结果最终标本毒物残留量最少０．４％，最多７６．７％，说明操作者用目测洗胃液澄清度或闻及气味来判断洗胃是否彻底的方法是影响洗胃效果的重要因素。另外，对影响洗胃效果的其它因素（如药物的理化性质、洗胃液及患者的体位等）进行了分析。     

西藏尼木县孕产期活跃期停滞产妇病例临床分析

目的对活跃期停滞的95例临床资料进行分析,探讨其发生的原因、产程特点和对母儿的影响。方法选择2007年7月至2010年6月在本院单胎头位分娩被诊断为活跃期停滞的95例产妇为观察组,另选同期住院分娩产程正常的单胎头位初产妇95例为对照组,比较两组产妇的产程、产力、胎方位、胎儿及并发症情况,总结引起活跃期停滞的原因。结果两组产妇潜伏期、产力、新生儿体重、新生儿窒息的发生率及产后出血率比较,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论活跃期停滞的原因有潜伏期延长、胎方位异常、官缩乏力等,出现活跃期停滞时及时行内诊检查分析其原因,针对性地给予及时处理,可有效降低剖宫产率及母儿并发症。