12例原发性甲状腺淋巴瘤的病例回顾分析

目的: 通过分析原发于甲状腺的淋巴瘤(primary thyroid lymphoma,PTL)的临床特点,总结该病的诊治经验。方法:回顾性分析1995年1月至2015年9月北京大学第一医院收治的12例PTL病例的临床特点、诊治经过及预后。结果:12例PTL患者中男4例、女8例,平均年龄63岁(42~81岁),起病至诊断时间平均5个月(0.5~24个月)。其中1例因咳嗽、憋气就诊,余11例均因颈部肿物进行性增大就诊。除1例无甲状腺功能检查结果外,其余11例首诊时有7例为甲状腺功能减退,4例甲状腺功能正常。初诊11例行颈部B超,双侧均有结节者9例,肿瘤平均直径3.87 cm。4例经甲状腺部分切除术术后病理确诊,8例经甲状腺肿物粗针穿刺确诊,病理报告结果均为非霍奇金淋巴瘤,包括9例弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤、2例黏膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤(mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma,MALToma)、1例小B细胞淋巴瘤,5例病理证实合并桥本甲状腺炎。除1例MALToma因考虑肿瘤相对惰性,未行化疗,余11例均予化疗。中位生存时间24个月(1~117个月),死亡3例。健在的9例患者中,7例化疗后定期随访肿瘤无进展,1例MALToma甲状腺肿物切除术后未予化疗及放疗,仍带瘤生存,1例仍在化疗中(2周期)。结论:中老年(尤其女性)桥本甲状腺炎患者出现迅速增大的甲状腺肿物,B超提示甲状腺结节或实质内不均质低回声,伴颈部淋巴结肿大和气管压迫时需高度警惕PTL的可能,对可疑病例适时采用粗针穿刺活检可以避免不必要的手术创伤,化疗为主要治疗手段。     

Ⅰ型Mirizzi综合征的腹腔镜治疗

目的 :探讨腹腔镜治疗Ⅰ型Mirizzi综合征的手术方法及疗效。方法 :回顾分析腹腔镜胆囊切除(LC)术治疗Ⅰ型Mirizzi综合征 6例的临床资料。结果 :6例中 4例行胆囊切除术 ,2例行大部胆囊切除术 ,均获成功。结论 :在腹腔镜下采取不同手术方式和耐心细致的操作可顺利处理Ⅰ型Mirizzi综合征。     

髂骨和耻坐骨尤文氏肉瘤的影像学诊断及鉴别诊断

目的：探讨髂骨和耻坐骨尤文氏肉瘤的影像学表现及鉴别诊断,以提高本病的术前诊断率。方法回顾性分析本院经手术后病理证实的15例髂骨和耻坐骨尤文氏肉瘤的影像学表现。所有病例均行 X 线平片检查,12例行 CT 检查,11例行 MRI 检查。结果15例中髂骨尤文氏肉瘤8例,耻坐骨尤文氏肉瘤7例。X 线平片呈单纯溶骨性骨质破坏12例,混合型骨质破坏3例,病灶周围见软组织包块15例;CT 扫描见病灶边缘膨胀、内部溶骨性骨质破坏7例,骨质破坏周围见不规则瘤骨或骨硬化5例,病灶周围见不规则骨膜反应6例。病灶周围软组织包块环绕12例;MRI 扫描病灶呈长 T1长 T2信号7例,长 T1混杂 T2信号4例,抑脂序列呈不均匀高信号5例,11例均见骨质破坏及软组织包块。结论髂骨和耻坐骨尤文氏肉瘤较少见,具有一定的影像特点, X 线平片结合 CT 扫描可以提高术前诊断准确率,MRI 检查有助于手术范围确定和治疗。     

血管性帕金森综合征与帕金森病的临床特点与影像学特征比较

 目的 对比血管性帕金森综合征(vascular Parkinson’s syndrome,VP)与帕金森病(Parkinson’s disease,PD)临床特点及影像学特征。方法 收集我院神经内科收治的70例VP患者作为VP组;同期来我院治疗的70例PD患者为PD组,记录并比较两组现病史(高血压病、冠心病、高脂血症、糖尿病、脑卒中),临床症状(静止性震颤、行走困难、步态不稳、偏侧躯体感觉障碍),以及头颅影像学改变。结果 VP组和PD组高血压病、冠心病、高脂血症、糖尿病、脑卒中发病率分别为(46%、52%、54%、40%、57%)、(30%、27%、28%、22%、38%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);PD组以静止性震颤为主,与VP组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而VP组以行走困难、步态不稳为主要表现,与PD组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);VP组老年性脑改变数量、梗死灶数量明显多于PD组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 高血压病、冠心病、高脂血症、糖尿病、脑卒中为VP的危险因素,VP临床症状及影像学改变不同于PD。     

Hallux varus following scarf osteotomy

Hallux varus is an uncommon condition and majority of the cases are iatrogenic. It can occur as a result of any type of hallux valgus correction surgery and in our cases scarf osteotomy is not an exception. Treatment of this complication can be challenging and it is important to understand the factors that cause this deformity before embarking on surgical correction. Four cases of hallux varus following Scarf osteotomy (1% of our total Scarf osteotomy cases) and discuss the salient features of these patients. The authors ascertained the factors that caused iatrogenic hallux varus and formulated a classification of the nature of the deformity. The management of iatrogenic hallux varus based on our experience and proposed classification system has also been outlined and discussed.     

张灿玾临证方药运用经验

国医大师张灿玾教授,从医70余载,始终坚持多科应诊、博采众长的医风,重视理论与实践结合、继承与发展并重,临证经验丰富,在方药运用方面造诣颇深,主要体现在以下四个方面:一是临证思路精妙,辨证精准,遣药组方注重通权达变,勇于突破创新,并主张辨证宜多面化,有是证用是药;二是制方严谨,谨遵君臣佐使的组方原则,配伍合理,尤其强调药性平衡,临证处方善用对药,相辅相成,或相反相成;三是善用古方,师而不泥,化裁灵活,无论单方化裁,多方合用,还是群队组合,重在章法有度,使对古方的认识及应用得到进一步的扩展和深化;四是临证选用土单方、经验方,用药简便廉验,注重方药的经济实用。     

孤独症谱系商儿童版-中文简化版的信效度研究

背景　目前国内适用于孤独症儿童初级筛查的量表少。研究显示,孤独症谱系商儿童版-简化版适用于孤独症儿童的初级筛查。目的　检验孤独症谱系商（AQ）儿童版-中文简化版的信效度,为我国孤独症儿童的初级筛查提供新的有效工具。方法　选取2015年6-9月、2017年9-12月于北京大学精神卫生研究所门诊连续就诊的孤独症儿童101名为孤独症组（低功能孤独症者58名,高功能孤独症者43名）,同期按照年龄与孤独症组相匹配的原则,选取天津市一所普通幼儿园及一所普通小学的儿童124名为正常对照组。采用AQ儿童版-中文简化版评估受试者孤独症症状。孤独症组、正常对照组均由最了解儿童情况的1名家长（多为儿童母亲）填写AQ儿童版-中文简化版,同时分别从孤独症组、正常对照组中各选取10名儿童,由了解其情况的另1名家长单独填写AQ儿童版-中文简化版。2周后,再次分别从孤独症组、正常对照组中各选取10名儿童,由首次填写AQ儿童版-中文简化版的家长（同1名家长）再次填写AQ儿童版-中文简化版。使用区分效度和效标效度进行效度分析;使用评分者信度、重测信度、内部一致性信度进行信度分析。结果　低功能孤独症者AQ儿童版-中文简化版总分与高功能孤独症者比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。孤独症组AQ儿童版-中文简化版总分高于正常对照组（P<0.05）。以儿童精神科主任医师按照美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第4版（DSM-Ⅳ）做出的诊断为金标准,绘制ROC曲线,ROC曲线下面积为0.97（P<0.01）;AQ儿童版-中文简化版总分临界值为15.0分时,灵敏度为0.94,特异度为0.89。评分者信度分析结果显示,AQ儿童版-中文简化版总分的组内相关系数（ICC）为0.90（P<0.05）,各条目的ICC为0.60~0.86（P<0.05）。重测信度分析结果显示,AQ儿童版-中文简化版总分的ICC为0.97（P<0.05）,各条目的ICC为0.82~0.92（P<0.05）。AQ儿童版-中文简化版的Cronbach's α系数为0.85（P<0.01）。结论　AQ儿童版-中文简化版的信效度较好,灵敏度、特异度较高,可用于孤独症儿童的筛查。     

福白菊化学成分LC-MSn定性分析及HPLC-UV法多成分含量测定

建立LC-MSⁿ法对福白菊化学成分进行定性研究,鉴定了22个化学成分,包括13个黄酮类成分和9个酚酸类成分;采用HPLC-UV法,同一色谱条件下测定福白菊中5种化学成分含量,包括:绿原酸( 1 )、木犀草素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷( 2 )、木犀草素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷( 3 )、3,5-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸( 4 )、芹菜素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷( 5 ),建立5种化学成分的回归方程,线性关系均良好(r>0.999 9),加样回收率为98.72%~103.16%,采用此方法成功检测了10个福白菊样品中上述5种成分的含量。本文建立分析方法简便可靠,可定性及定量分析福白菊中的主要化学成分,适用于福白菊药材的质量分析。     

Esophageal adenocarcinoma after sleeve gastrectomy: actual or potential threat? Italian series and literature review

BackgroundSleeve gastrectomy (SG) leads to esophageal mucosal damage in an elevated percentage of cases, configuring a clinical condition of Barrett’s esophagus (BE) in a proportion as high as 15–18.8%. BE may rarely evolve into esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC).ObjectivesTo raise awareness of BE as a precancerous lesion which may progress toward malignancy after this popular bariatric procedure.SettingBariatric referral centers, Italy.MethodsAll patients referred to our bariatric center who developed an EAC after SG between 2012 and 2019 were reviewed and consecutively included in this study. The available scientific literature regarding this complication is additionally reviewed.ResultsThe 3 male patients comprised in this case series underwent laparoscopic SG between 2012 and 2015 in different bariatric referral centers. Age and body mass index at baseline ranged from 21–54 years and 43.1–75.6 kg/m², respectively. All patients were lost to follow-up early after surgery (3.7 ± 1.4 months), and were diagnosed with EAC at a mean of 27.3 ± 7.6 months after SG. The 4 reported cases in the scientific literature developed an EAC at a mean of 32.5 ± 23 months from SG. Overall, a diagnosis of EAC was made approximately 30.3 ± 17.1 months postoperatively, which seems relatively and worryingly early after surgery.ConclusionAlthough the rate and probability of progression from BE to EAC is still not well defined, assuming that the rising popularity and execution of SG leads to a growth in the BE incidence, then the preoperative identification and stratification of cancer risk factors in this subset of patients is strongly encouraged. Clinical and endoscopic follow-ups are essential to allow for prevention and early diagnosis and for epidemiologic data collection purposes.