垆土铁棍山药与沙土铁棍山药的性状比较

怀山药道地产区的铁棍山药分为垆土铁棍山药与沙土铁棍山药两种,本文从植物生长环境以及外观性状以及成分含量入手,分析此两种铁棍山药的区别,为进一步研究和开发提供依据。     

Validating the Asher-McDade score to assess facial aesthetic outcomes in 22 consecutive complete bilateral cleft lip repairs

Most scoring systems used to assess facial aesthetics in cleft patients tend to lack consistency, and the absence of an internationally agreed system makes comparison challenging. The most widely used and validated tool is the five-point Asher-McDade index. We note that there are currently no reports (to our knowledge) of its use for scoring outcomes after bilateral cleft lip repair. To validate it for this use, the aim was to describe the outcomes of 22 consecutive bilateral cleft lip repairs assessed using this scale. A retrospective review was undertaken of 22 consecutive patients with bilateral cleft lip repairs performed at our centre. Each patient underwent bilateral advancement rotation repair with a vomer flap on one side at three months followed by repair of the remaining hard palate and an intravelar veloplasty three months later. Standardised photographs were taken five years after repair and were cropped to isolate the nasolabial component. Eleven members of the cleft multidisciplinary team were asked to rate each image on a five-point Likert scale. Statistical analysis was performed using a two-way ANOVA test and intraclass correlation coefficient to interrogate intraobserver and interobserver variance. A total of 22 consecutive patients with complete bilateral cleft lips were photographed. The overall mean (range) score for the repairs was 3.2 (4.3 - 1.8). Two-way ANOVA demonstrated that inter-rater variability accounted for just over 10% (11.23% of the total variance, p < 0.0001). As predicted, the single biggest factor affecting score variability was the patient’s appearance, which accounted for 44.51% of the total variance between scores (p < 0.0001). Intraobserver variance was not found to be significant, accounting for 0.33% of the total variance (p = 0.0006). We demonstrate that the Asher-McDade scoring system is a valid tool to use when assessing bilateral cleft lip repairs. Variance in the patient’s score was significantly related to a true difference in appearance, with only a small percentage of differences being due to intraobserver and interobserver variation.     

丹参在云南昆明引种栽培研究

目的：通过对云南昆明地区引种的陕西商洛丹参产量、外观质量及药效成分含量进行比较评价,为正品丹参在云南引种栽培及质量控制提供理论依据.方法：采用田间试验和室内检测方法对引种商洛丹参、云南野生丹参、对照原产地商洛丹参的农艺性状、主要药效成分含量进行比较分析.结果：云南昆明引种商洛丹参,根条粗壮、匀长,表面呈红棕色,断面较平整,气微,味微苦涩,符合《中国药典》2010年版对丹参药材性状描述之要求;昆明直播2年生和分根1年生丹参的丹参酮ⅡA和丹酚酸B含量均大幅高于《药典》要求;昆明直播2年生和分根1年生丹参脂溶性成分和总丹参酮接近对照陕西商洛分根1年生丹参,丹酚酸B和水溶性总酚含量明显高于对照陕西商洛分根1年生丹参;昆明野生滇丹参除二氢丹参酮、迷迭香酸、丹参素含量略高于引种和原产地丹参外,其他成分含量均较低,达不到《中国药典》2010年版要求.结论：综合比较云南引种丹参与云南野生滇丹参、对照原产地陕西商洛丹参外观质量性状及内在品质,正品丹参适合在云南昆明地区引种栽培.     

The role of psychological flexibility in appearance anxiety in people who have experienced a visible burn injury

BackgroundIndividuals with visible differences can experience appearance anxiety that is distressing and disruptive to daily functioning. Understanding psychological factors that maintain appearance anxiety related to scarring is important in developing theoretical understanding of adjustment to injury, and in identifying targets for psychological therapies. This study aimed to investigate whether psychological flexibility, a key element underpinning acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), was associated with appearance anxiety. It was hypothesised that reduced psychological flexibility (lower acceptance, cognitive defusion, mindfulness, and committed action) would be related to increased appearance anxiety. The role of psychological flexibility in the maintenance of appearance anxiety was investigated using a cross-sectional quantitative questionnaire study.MethodSeventy-eight burns patients (47 female, 31 male; M age = 45.2 years) completed the Derriford Appearance Scale (DAS-24), the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ-II), the Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (CFQ), the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), and the Committed Action Questionnaire (CAQ-8).ResultsAs hypothesised, increased appearance anxiety was related to reduced acceptance (r_s(76) = 0.80, p < 0.001, one-tailed) and cognitive defusion (r_s(76) = 0.76, p < 0.001). Reduced levels of mindfully describing (r(72) = −0.39, p < 0.001), acting with awareness (r(72) = −0.57, p < 0.001), non-judging (r(72) = −0.61, p < 0.001) and non-reactivity (r(72) = −0.28, p < 0.01) as well as reduced committed action (r(72) = −0.57, p < 0.001) were also related to increased appearance anxiety.ConclusionsIndividuals experiencing appearance anxiety associated with a burn injury may struggle with accepting difficult emotions, stepping back from distressing thoughts, being mindful and engaging in valued action. These findings suggest that ACT may be useful in treating appearance related anxiety and concerns associated with conditions causing a visible difference.