急性心肌梗死直接与联合冠状动脉入治疗的比较

目的比较尿激酶静脉溶栓联合冠状动脉(冠脉)介入治疗(PCI)术与直接PCI术对急性心肌梗死(AMI)的有效性和安全性。方法64例首次ST段抬高AMI(STelevationmyocarialinfarc-tion,STEMI)患者随机分为直接PCI组(直接PCI治疗)和联合PCI组(在尿激酶静脉溶栓基础上联合直接PCI治疗)。PCI术治疗前后行冠脉造影、心电图检查,观察梗死相关血管(IRA)前向血流,测定心肌梗死溶栓治疗临床试验(TIMI)血流、TIMI心肌灌注分级(TMPG),计算冠脉造影灌注积分(APS)和心电图ST段回落程度,评估心外膜血管和心肌灌注情况,对两组患者介入术前IRA通畅率、住院期间出血并发症、急性缺血事件发生率及出院前左心室功能进行比较。用线性回归分析评价ST段回落程度与APS的相关性。结果PCI术前联合PCI组冠脉再通率显著高于直接PCI组(68.8%比37.6%,P<0.05),其中完全再通率在两组间比较差异有统计学意义(46.9%比21.9%,P<0.05);联合PCI组心肌再灌注率显著高于直接PCI组(71.9%比37.4%,P<0.01),其中完全心肌再灌注率在两组间比较差异有统计学意义(46.9%比21.9%,P<0.05)。PCI术后两组IRA的TIMI血流3级比较差异无统计学意义(90.6%比87.5%,P>0.05),但比较TMPG差异有统计学意义(93.8%比75.0%,P<0.05),其中TMP3级有明显差异(65.6%比37.5%,P<0.05);联合PCI组APS10~12分(心肌完全再灌注)与直接PCI组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。介入治疗后出院前联合PCI组的LVEF值明显大于直接PCI组。联合PCI组ST段完全回落比例明显高于直接PCI组。线性回归分析评价ST段回落程度与APS之间有显著相关性(相关系数r=0.961,P<0.001),住院期间两组均无死亡病例、严重出血及急性缺血事件发生。结论联合PCI术较直接PCI术可获得更好的IRA开通、心肌组织和微循环灌注及心功能的明显改善。APS结合TIMI血流分级和TMPG可较好地完整评价心外膜血管和心肌灌注情况,并与心电图ST段回落程度有显著相关性。     

经皮冠状动脉介入治疗后并发围术期心肌梗死患者的临床特征

目的探讨经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)后围术期并发心肌梗死(PMI)患者的发生原因及临床特征。方法将PMI患者44例与同期行PCI的213例冠心病患者对比分析。结果①PMI患者合并糖尿病者较多(36.4%和27.2%,P=0.016);血清总胆固醇[(5.69±1.73)mmol/L和(4.47±1.61)mmol/L,P=0.041]和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇[(3.17±1.15)mmol/L和(2.67±0.98)mmol/L,P=0.032]较高、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇[(0.41±0.08)mmol/L和(0.53±0.24)mmol/L,P=0.049]较低;冠脉病变积分较高(12.75±5.61和8.96±3.68,P=0.027)、左主干(9.1%和4.2%,P=0.001)和多支病变(63.6%和41.8%,P=0.002)均多于非PMI组。②两组患者PCI成功率(95.5%和94.8%,P=0.523)相当,PMI并发边支闭塞(11.4%和3.8%,P=0.001)和慢(无)血流者(34.1%和13.1%,P=0.001)较多;球囊扩张时间长[(15.4±5.9)s和(8.7±2.4)s,P=0.026]、次数多(3.1±1.2和1.5±0.6,P=0.003),扩张压力无差别[(114.2±26.3)kPa和(98.0±35.4)kPa,P=0.752];支架置入较多(2.8±1.1和1.3±0.4,P=0.037)和X线曝光时间较长[(102.3±14.5)min和(67.9±23.4)min,P=0.002]。结论PMI患者在术前多具有高血糖、高血脂的危险因素,冠脉病变复杂、高危,术中多次、长时间扩张病变和并发边支闭塞及慢(无)血流是其发生PMI的主要原因。     

Evaluación prospectiva del desarrollo de nefropatía inducida por contraste en pacientes con síndrome coronario agudo tratados con angiografía coronaria rotacional vs. angiografía coronaria convencional: Estudio CINERAMA

Introduction and objectives

Rotational coronary angiography (RCA) requires less contrast to be administered and can prevent the onset of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) during invasive coronary procedures. The aim of the study is to evaluate the impact of RCA on CIN (increase in serum creatinine ≥0.5 mg/dl or ≥25%) after an acute coronary syndrome.

Therapeutic Potential of Monteplase in Acute Myocardial Infarction as a Powerful Thrombolytic Agent for Pretreatment of Coronary Intervention

Thrombolysis with conventional thrombolytic agents followed by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) had no impact on the treatment of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, the development of mutant type plasminogen activator (mt‐PA) has prompted us to reassess the combination of thrombolysis and PCI. Monteplase (Eisai, Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) is a newly developed mt‐PA that can be administrated as a single intravenous bolus injection. We initiated a clinical trial [Combining Monteplase with Angioplasty (COMA)] to evaluate the effectiveness of monteplase followed by PCI. The AMI patients were randomly assigned to receive PCI following pretreatment with a single bolus intravenous injection of monteplase or direct PCI without monteplase. The initial coronary angiography prior to PCI showed that 36.2% of patients in the monteplase group achieved Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) 3 flow in the infarct‐related artery, compared with in only 7.9% of patients in the direct PCI group (P < 0.0001). During 24 months following PCI, major cardiac events occurred in 27.7% of patients in the monteplase + PCI group, and in 46.7% of patients in the direct PCI group without monteplase (P < 0.05). Thus, the ideal strategy for the treatment of AMI is the administration of monteplase upon arrival at a community hospital with a prompt transfer to a tertiary center for PCI.     

Peri-procedural outcome of series of 104 carotid artery stenting procedures

BackgroundManagement of carotid artery stenosis is considered an important strategy for stroke prevention. Carotid artery stenting (CAS) has been introduced as an acceptable alternative to surgical carotid endarterectomy (CEA) in the treatment of internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis.ObjectiveAssessment of peri-procedural outcome of CAS in 104 consecutive procedures.MethodsThe study included 104 consecutive CAS procedures. Included patients had ⩾50% ICA stenosis in the symptomatic group and ⩾70% stenosis in the asymptomatic group. Procedures were performed in cath. labs of Catania and Ragusa hospitals-Italy.ResultsIncluded procedures were done in 100 consecutive eligible patients with ICA stenosis. Four patients had undergone CAS procedures in both sides in 2 separate sessions. Patients were 71 males and 29 females, mean age was 71.9 ± 7.85 years, and 21 patients were ⩾80 years old (octogenarians). The majority of patients had asymptomatic ICA stenosis (76%) and was diagnosed accidentally during medical checkup. Twenty-four patients had symptomatic ICA stenosis (ipsilateral TIA or stroke). Technical success was obtained in 103 procedures (99%). Embolic protection devices were used in all succeeded cases. Combined cerebrovascular events had occurred in 5 patients with estimated rate = 4.8%. No cases of amaurosis fugax, MI or death had occurred. Adverse events was 4.1% in the symptomatic group and 1.3% in the asymptomatic group with no significant statistical difference (P = 0.064).ConclusionCAS with EPDs seems a feasible and safe procedure and could be performed with an acceptable rate of periprocedural adverse events.     

曲美他嗪对PCI心肌损伤及术后再发心绞痛的影响

目的:分析曲美他嗪对经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术(PCI)心肌损伤及术后再发心绞痛症状的影响.方法:以随机数字表法抽选96例不稳定型心绞痛患者,均在基础治疗上行PCI,分为曲美他嗪组(48例)和常规治疗组(48例);比较两组心绞痛再发情况,以及对手术心肌损伤作用的差异.结果:PCI手术后各时间点两组患者的cT-nI水平不断升高,除手术后1h外,其余时间段两组的cTnI水平均有明显差异(P＜0.05或＜0.01),且术后24h两组间cTnI水平差异最明显[曲美他嗪组的cTnI(0.21±0.12) ng/ml显著低于常规治疗组的(0.66±0.12) ng/ml],P＜0.01;随访期间,与常规治疗组比较,曲美他嗪组心绞痛再发生率明显降低(29.17％比8.33％),左室射血分数明显提高[(50.89±2.45)％比(57.11±2.13)％],P均＜0.05.结论:曲美他嗪对经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术后心肌有一定保护作用,并且对再发心绞痛症状有一定减少作用.     

替罗非班在急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗中的应用效果分析

目的分析替罗非班在急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)中的应用效果。方法选取我院2011年1月—2014年1月收治的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者98例,随机分为对照组48例和观察组50例。两组患者入院后均给予常规药物治疗和PCI,观察组患者在此基础上给予替罗非班。观察两组患者术后即刻TIMI血流改善率、ST段回落率,术后48 h主要心血管不良事件(MACE)发生率、出血事件发生率,术后6个月左室射血分数(LVEF)。结果观察组患者术后即刻TIMI血流改善率、ST段回落率高于对照组(P0.05);两组患者术后48 h MACE发生率、出血事件发生率、术后6个月LVEF比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论在急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者PCI中应用替罗非班安全有效,其可有效改善患者TIMI血流及心肌灌注,且并不增加MACE、出血事件发生风险。     

老年冠心病患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术后应用雷贝拉唑的安全性分析

目的分析老年冠心病患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后应用雷贝拉唑的安全性。方法选取2011年3月—2012年11月在安庆市第一人民医院心血管内科住院的老年冠心病患者120例(年龄≥60岁),随机分为对照组和雷贝拉唑组,每组60例。两组患者均接受PCI,并于术前、术后口服阿司匹林、氯吡格雷及冠心病治疗药物,雷贝拉唑组患者在PCI术后口服雷贝拉唑钠肠溶胶囊,20 mg/d。观察两组患者上消化道不良反应发生情况,PCI术后3、6个月大便隐血试验阳性率,PCI术后6个月、1年主要复合终点发生情况。结果两组患者均获得随访,无一例失访,无一例死亡。雷贝拉唑组患者上消化道不良反应发生率,PCI术后3、6个月大便隐血试验阳性率均低于对照组(P0.01);两组患者PCI术后6个月、1年主要复合终点发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论雷贝拉唑有助于减少老年冠心病患者PCI术后上消化道不良反应、消化道出血的发生,且不增加其不良临床结局的发生风险,安全性较高。     

CTO Pathophysiology: How Does this Affect Management?

Chronic total occlusion (CTO) pathophysiology has been described in a few, small studies using post mortem histology, and more recently, in vivo intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) to analyse the constituents of occluded segments. Recent improvements in equipment and techniques have revealed new insights into physical characteristics of occluded coronaries, which in turn enable predictable procedural success. The purpose of this review is to consider the published evidence describing CTO pathophysiology from the perspective of the hybrid algorithm approach to CTO PCI. Methods: Literature searches using “Chronic Occlusion”, “angioplasty”, and” pathology” as keywords. Further searches on “coronary” “collateral”, “Viability”. Bibliographies were scrutinised for further key publications in an iterative process. Papers describing animal models were excluded.