急性心肌梗死直接PCI术中应用血栓抽吸对窦性心律震荡的影响及意义

【】 目的 探讨急性ST段抬高心肌梗死(STEMI)患者直接经皮冠状动脉内介入治疗(PCI)术中应用血栓抽吸导管进行血栓抽吸对窦性心律震荡(HRT)的影响及临床意义。方法 选择2012年1月至2014年1月在广州市第一人民医院心内科住院诊断为STEMI的患者224例,入选病例均接受直接PCI治疗并随机(随机数字表法)分为对照组116例和血栓抽吸组108例,患者于PCI术后48小时进行24小时动态心电图检查,计算窦性心律震荡指标：震荡初始(To)与震荡斜率(Ts),分析两组患者To、Ts的差异。术后对患者进行随访6个月,记录随访期间心脏不良事件(MACE)的发生情况,采用多因素logistic回归分析血栓抽吸及HRT指标To、Ts对患者PCI术后6个月内MACE发生的预测意义。结果 与对照组相比,血栓抽吸组患者HRT指标To、Ts值均优于对照组[(-1.26±0.78% 比 -0.86±0.56,p<0.05);(2.76±1.01 比 2.38±0.89 p<0.05)],并且术后6个月内MACE的发生率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(5.56%比14.66%,p<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示Ts＜2.5ms/RR是STEMI患者直接PCI术后近期预后的独立预测因子,而直接PCI术中应用血栓抽吸则对降低MACE事件的发生有保护作用(p<0.05)。结论 STEMI患者直接PCI术中应用血栓抽吸能改善患者的HRT,降低MACE的发生率,改善临床预后。     

Safety and effectiveness of combined scoring balloon and paclitaxel-coated balloon angioplasty for stenosis in the hemodialysis access circuit

Purpose

To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of combined scoring balloon (SB) and paclitaxel-coated balloon (PCB) angioplasty for stenosis in the dysfunctional hemodialysis access circuit.

冠状动脉支架患者氯吡格雷抵抗现象探讨

目的 ①评价冠状动脉支架(CS)置入患者氯吡格雷抵抗的发生情况;②观察CS术后1个月复发缺血事件与氯吡格雷抵抗的关系.方法 ①所有入选患者于服氯吡格雷前、服药后24 h及1个月分别测定ADP(25 μmol/L)诱导的血小板聚集率,计算血小板聚集抑制率(△A),△A≤10%(包括负值)时考虑存在氯吡格雷抵抗;②观察CS术后1个月内复发缺血事件的情况.结果 ①共入选患者42例,其中△A 24 h≤10%者18例(43%),△A1m≤10%者13例(31%);②在1个月的随访中,无一例患者因心血管疾病死亡或再发心肌梗死,△A1m≤10%的患者有1例发生脑梗死,1例复发心绞痛,缺血事件发生率为15.4%,△A1m＞10%的患者未发现缺血事件.结论 ①一部分CS患者存在氯吡格雷抵抗,测定血小板聚集率有助于发现这部分患者;②氯吡格雷抵抗患者CS术后1个月内复发缺血事件增加.     

Long term outcome of elective day case percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with stable angina

Patients undergoing elective PCI are traditionally admitted overnight, however day case PCI cuts costs and has been proposed as a safe method for selected patients. We evaluated the success and long term clinical outcomes of day case percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for outpatients with stable angina.In total, 484 consecutive patients treated over a five year period with planned day case PCI were studied and followed up for 12 months. Successful PCI with same day discharge was performed in 463 patients (95.7%). There were 21 patients (4.3%) who required hospital admission. Reasons for failed discharge were hematoma formation (n = 7, 1.4%), coronary dissection (n = 4, 0.8%), post-procedural chest pain (n = 3, 0.6%), prolonged procedure (n = 2, 0.4%), and 1 each of acute stent thrombosis, coronary perforation, anaphylaxis, minor drug reaction and a functional study for untreated disease. One year follow up was complete for 439/484 (90.7%). At 12 months there were 6 hospitalizations for angina (1.2%, 95% CI 0.6–3.0%), 20 repeat revascularisations (4.1%, 95% CI 2.7–6.3%), 3 myocardial infarctions (0.6%, 95% CI 0.2–2.1%) and 2 deaths (0.4%, 95% CI 0.1–1.6%). Event free survival at 1 year follow up was 93.6% (95% CI 90.7–95.6%).Selecting patients for day case PCI is safe, and can achieve a high rate of success with excellent long term outcomes.     

曲美他嗪对冠脉多支病变血运重建不完全患者的疗效

目的：评价曲美他嗪对冠脉多支病变血运重建不完全患者的疗效。方法：选择冠脉多支病变血运重建不完全患者82例，随机分为治疗组及对照组，两组均于介入治疗后行常规治疗，同时治疗组还13服曲美他嗪，观察两组心功能、心绞痛的改善及心血管事件的发生。结果：治疗组与对照组比较总有效率为92．9％：80．0％（P〈0．05），较之对照组，治疗组的心功能有明显改善，复发心绞痛明显减少（P均〈0．05），治疗组的心血管事件较对照组减少，但无统计学意义。结论：在常规治疗的基础上加用曲美他嗪对冠脉多支病变血运重建不完全的患者有一定疗效。     

急性冠状动脉综合征患者经皮冠状动脉介入术后无复流现象的危险因素及预后

目的分析经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)后冠状动脉无复流现象发生的危险因素和预后。方法回顾性分析因急性冠状动脉综合征入我院行PCI治疗的患者524例中有较完整随访资料的427例,PCI支架置入即刻在无影响血流的血栓、栓塞、夹层、痉挛情况下,冠状动脉造影前向血流TIMI≤2级为无复流,TIMI 3级为正常血流。利用Excel随机函数表,从393例急诊PCI冠状动脉前向血流恢复正常的患者中随机抽取70例,为对照组。结果冠状动脉无复流患者34例,无复流组心肌梗死和糖尿病比例明显高于对照组,且胰岛素水平、白细胞总数和中性粒细胞总数也明显高于对照组。院内和院外不良事件发生率无复流组明显高于对照组,左心室射血分数较前明显减低,而左心室舒张末内径较前明显增大。结论无复流受既往糖尿病、胰岛素及白细胞水平的影响,可使住院期间和院外不良事件明显增加,是心肌继续缺血、心室重构和心功能恢复障碍的预测因子,也是心肌和微血管损伤的标志。     

Clinical impact of direct referral to primary percutaneous coronary intervention following pre-hospital diagnosis of ST-elevation myocardial infarction.

AIMS: Treatment delay is a powerful predictor of survival in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We investigated effectiveness of pre-hospital diagnosis of STEMI with direct referral to PCI, alongside more conventional referral strategies. METHODS AND RESULTS: From January 2003 to December 2004, 658 STEMI patients were referred for primary PCI at our intervention laboratory. Three predefined referral routes were compared: (1) for patients within 90 min drive of the PCI centre, pre-hospital diagnosis and direct transportation (n=166), (2) diagnosis at the interventional hospital emergency department (n=316), (3) diagnosis at local hospitals before transportation (n = 176). Pre-hospital diagnosis was associated with more than 45 min reduction in treatment delay (P = 0.001). No significant difference in in-hospital mortality was apparent in the overall study population. In the cardiogenic shock subgroup (n = 80), pre-hospital diagnosis was associated with a two-thirds reduction in in-hospital mortality (P = 0.019); mortality was only 6.2% in shock patients who underwent PCI in < 2 h. CONCLUSION: This study shows that pre-hospital diagnosis can provide a reduction in primary PCI treatment delay, and suggests the hypothesis that this referral strategy might provide survival benefits to patients with cardiogenic shock.     

代谢综合征对冠心病冠状动脉支架术后患者临床事件的影响

目的探讨代谢综合征(MS)对冠状动脉(冠脉)支架术后临床事件发生率的影响。方法自2000年至2006年115例冠脉支架术后的患者,50例置入金属裸支架(BMS),65例置入药物涂层支架(SES)。分组:(1)无MS组;(2)MS组。比较主要心脏不良事件(MACE)发生率。结果两组基础临床资料差异无统计学意义,置入BMS组,MS与对照组MACE发生率分别为20.8%、20.0%,P>0.05;置入SES组,MS与无MS组MACE发生率分别为6.4%、4.7%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论MS是冠心病的独立危险因素,且合并MS的冠心病冠脉血管病变较严重,但是MS对于冠脉支架术后MACE发生率无明显影响。     

炎性相关细胞因子和心肌梗死微循环再灌注状态的关系

目的　观察急性心肌梗死 (AMI)患者梗死相关血管 (IRA)开通前后炎性细胞因子的动态变化及其与心肌组织水平灌注状态的关系。方法　 (1)测定 8例健康人和 2 2例AMI患者急诊冠状动脉介入治疗术 (PCI)前即刻 ,术后 12、2 4h ,血浆白细胞介素 (IL) 1β、肿瘤坏死因子 (TNF)α、IL 10的变化。 (2 )按照再灌注后 2h心电图ST段回落是否 >70 % ,将 2 2例AMI患者分为 :A组 (ST回落≥ 70 % )12例和B组 (ST回落 <70 % ) 10例 ,比较两组患者IL 1β、TNFα、IL 10的变化幅度。 结果　 (1)治疗前A、B两组AMI患者血浆TNFα、IL 10略高于健康对照组 ,但差异无统计学意义 (P >0 0 5 ) ;而IL 1β显著高于健康对照组 (P <0 0 5 ) ;再灌注后 12、2 4hA、B两组血浆IL 1β和TNFα均较术前显著增高 (P <0 0 1,P <0 0 5 ) ,B组血浆IL 10较术前显著增高 (P <0 0 5 ) ,A组则无此变化 (P >0 0 5 )。 (2 )A、B两组间比较 ,治疗前TNFα、IL 1β、IL 10差异均无显著性 (P >0 0 5 ) ;成功PCI、IRA血流达TIMI 3级者 ,B组患者血浆IL 1β、TNFα、IL 10 ,在再灌注 12h显著高于A组 (P <0 0 1,P <0 0 5 ,P <0 0 5 ) ,再灌注 2 4h ,IL 1β、IL 10仍然高于A组 (P <0 0 5 )。 (3)A、B两组患者抗炎因子IL 10的升高幅度均显著低于致炎     

冠状动脉僵硬性病变的切割球囊术后即刻结果

目的　研究新技术切割球囊对僵硬的冠状动脉狭窄病变的效果。方法　 33例病人经应用耐高压球囊高压扩张后 ,对不能扩张的僵硬病变换用切割球囊扩张后 ,对比其扩张结果。结果　切割球囊扩张僵硬性病变的总成功率达 87 9%。当耐高压球囊不能扩开病灶或效果不佳时 ,换用切割球囊 ,应用切割球囊取得了良好的效果 (最小血管内径 2 4 7± 0 5 4mm ,基线血管内径狭窄率 16 %± 15 % )。结论　切割球囊应用较低的压力和较小的扩张时间也可以用于硬性病变或某种程度的钙化病变 ,得到了较高的手术成功率且非常安全 (无心脏事件发生 )。