胰腺结核1例的超声表现

患者男，25岁，大量饮酒后感上腹部不适来做超声检查。平日无不适，无结核病史及家族史。     

钝性创伤致肠系膜上动脉分支假性动脉瘤一例

1病历资料患者女,46岁,2个月前因交通伤致腹部受伤,于当地医院腹腔穿刺抽出不凝血,行保守治疗后出现腹胀、腹痛、左下腹渐增性肿块。体检:贫血貌,左下腹可见一20cm×15cm包块,边界不清,有触痛,无搏动及血管杂音,肠鸣音弱。辅助检查:血红蛋白56g/L,红细胞2.3×1012/L。B超见左下腹有一不规则囊实性肿块,内部回声不均。彩色多普勒超声提示瘤腔内呈涡流的彩色血流信号,破口约0.8cm。CT提示左下腹包块,强化期包块内含造影剂血溢出,向下蔓延形成洋葱层样外观。CT血管成像(CTA)提示肠系膜上动脉分支假性动脉瘤。治疗时先采用介入方法,经股动脉…     

Chediak-Higashi综合征一例

患儿女5岁因感冒发烧在当地医院应用抗生素治疗,但停药后即复发而来我院,经门诊以“发热待查,白血病待除外”收入儿科住院治疗。患儿父母为近亲婚配,足月顺产,孕1产1,母乳喂养,出生时皮肤色泽正常。眼科检查:视力:右0.2-2.25DS-0.5DC×180°=0.3,左0.2-1.75DS-0.5DC×180°=0.4。双眼畏光,眼球水平样震颤,眼位正,双侧眉毛及睫毛呈棕黄色,双巩膜虹膜呈黑色,纹理不清,晶状体及玻璃体未见混浊。眼底检查:双侧视乳头边界清,视网膜血管狭窄,色素缺乏,整个视网膜呈灰白色调,脉络膜血管裸露,黄斑中心凹光反射不清。体格检查:T38.1℃,P110次/分,…     

急性心肌梗死PTCA及支架植入术后的康复护理

近年来，随着介入心脏病学的迅速发展，经皮冠状动脉腔内血管成形术（Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty，PTCA）及冠状动脉支架植入术已成为治疗冠心病的重要方法之一。国内外在急性心肌梗死PTCA及支架植入术后患者的早期康复医疗方面已有较多研究，并在实践中证明，进行早期康复治疗能延长患者寿命及降低病死率。本院对58例此类患者进行早期康复活动观察，观察介入患者的最佳康复时间和指标，现将结果报道如下。     

来自于肠系膜上动脉的副肝右动脉1例

作者在解剖中发现1例营养肝的动脉变异,报道如下。女尸,身高152cm,50￣60岁。该例来源于肝总动脉的肝固有动脉(直径0.55cm)管径比正常小(正常管径0.583cm±0.166cm)[1],并出现了起始于肠系膜上动脉的较粗的支配肝右叶的变异肝动脉,在此暂且将它称为副肝右动脉(见附图)。附图来自于肠系膜上动脉的副肝左动脉示意图肝固有动脉在行程过程中先后发出胃右动脉(直径0.25cm)和另外3个分支右支(直径0.20cm)、中支(直径0.25cm)、左支(直径0.40cm),经肝门左侧份入肝。其中左支还发出食管支。肠系膜上动脉于腹腔干下方0.50cm处起自的腹主动脉前壁,副肝…     

小儿腹腔镜手术的护理要点

腹腔镜手术在全世界范围内得到广泛开展；在小儿外科领域，腹腔镜手术更是随着腔镜器械、影录设备的微形化而日益拓展其手术范畴。与传统外科手术相比，腹腔镜手术相对创伤小、失血、失液、失热都少，并且还可减少伤口疼痛、瘢痕形成，患者早些恢复活动而减少肺部并发症等诸多优越性。近几年来，在我国各地开展小儿腹腔镜手术也逐年增多，就这一点本人谈谈对小儿腹腔镜手术前后的护理要点，供护理专业人事参阅。     

Pediatric intracranial aneurysms——clinical characteristics and therapeutic strategies

Objective To assess the radiological characteristics and therapeutic strategies of intracranial aneurysms in children. Methods From our dedicated neurovascular databank of patients, we reviewed 23 consecutive children who had 24 intracranial aneurysms. There were 14 boys and 9 girls with a mean age of 9.09 years ( range 1 - 14 years ). Results Intracranial aneurysms in children ≤ 14 years constituted 1.3% of all intracranial aneurysms. Internal Carotid artery (ICA) and middle cerebral artery (MCA) were the most frequent sites for aneurysms. About 58.3% of the aneurysms were complex, including dissecting, pseudoaneurysm, giant and fusiform aneurysm. 1/3 of all aneurysms were located in posterior circulation. Only 1 case had multiple aneurysms in this case series. Almost half of all cases presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage and others presented with mass effect. 14 cases underwent endovascular treatment. 4 patients received microsurgical therapy. 5 cases did not receive microsurgical or endovascular therapy, 2 of them whose aneurysms spontaneously thrombosed during follow up. One boy with left vertebral artery giant aneurysm died after endovascular therapy owing to gradual thrombosis in basilar artery. Another child had poor outcome because of rerupture of aneurysm before operation. Whereas the majority had a favorable outcome. Conclusions Intracranial aneurysms in children had many clinical and radiological characteristics different from those in adults : ( 1 ) remarkable male predominance; ( 2 ) ICA and MCA were the most common sites for aneurysms; (3) high incidence of large, traumatic, infectious, dissecting and fusiform aneurysms. (4)For pediatric intracranial aneurysms, both microsurgical approaches and endovascular treatment were effective. Endovaacular therapy was the best choice for complex aneurysms.     

上胸椎前方手术入路

上胸椎前方解剖关系复杂，由浅及深为肌层：颈阔肌，胸锁乳突肌；骨性结构：胸骨柄，胸锁关节；血管性结构：左、右颈总动脉，主动脉弓，无名动脉，左无名静脉，左、右头臂静脉，甲状腺下动脉，胸导管；神经组织：喉返神经，交感神经链；其他深层组织：食管，气管，甲状腺，胸腺。这些器官和组织相互交错，互为邻里，错综复杂。此处椎体或脊髓前方病变时，前方入路可直接暴露病变部位，术野清晰，手术直接，效果明确，但易损伤以上相邻组织，严重者损伤胸髓，导致患者高位截瘫。     

腹腔镜辅助下的腹主动脉瘤手术与传统手术的对比

腹主动脉瘤传统手术采用开腹人工血管置换，手术创伤大，术后患者恢复慢。随着腹腔镜在腹部外科应用的进展，传统腹主动脉瘤手术已经可以被腹腔镜辅助下完成人工血管置换所替代。此外，腹主动脉瘤腔内隔绝术部分并发症也能用腹腔镜辅助方式得到解决，现就该技术的操作、效果以及与传统手术的比较作一综述。