肝门区胆管癌的MRI应用价值

目的探讨肝门区胆管癌(HC)的MRI检查技术及应用价值。方法HC34例所有病例均行MR一体化扫描,包括MR平扫、MRCP、MR动态增强血管成像(3D-DCE-MRA),并作出能否手术切除的评价,与手术结果相对照。结果34例HC均可见肝门肿块、肝内胆管扩张、肝门胆管中断,动态增强扫描31例表现为延迟强化,3D-DCE-MRA中6例在动脉期表现为螺旋样动脉,18例可见门静脉受侵,表现为门脉侧壁浸润、门脉缩窄或闭塞,MRI对能否手术切除评估的准确性为88.2%(30/34)。结论MRI检查能充分显示HC病变及其侵犯范围,对HC进行准确的诊断和术前评估。     

Utility of SPECT Lung Perfusion Scans in Assessing the Early Changes in Pulmonary Function after Radiotherapy for Patients with Lung Cancer

OBJECTIVE Radiation-induced lung injury commonly follows radiotherapy (RT) fortumors within and near the thorax. Lung function is usually measured by pulmonary function tests (PFTs). But RT-induced regional changes of pulmonary function cannot be accurately evaluated by PFTs. Lung perfusion scintigraphy compared with other radiographic methods can assess well regional pulmonary physiological function, and a 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy planning system can quantitatively calculate irradiation dosage. The purpose of this study is to assess, by lung perfusion scintigraphy, early changes in the pulmonary function of patients with lung cancer when receiving thoracic 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT).METHODS Nineteen patients receiving thoracic 3D-CRT for lung cancer were studied. A single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)lung perfusion scan, X-ray or CT scan before RT and after 40～50Gy radiation were performed. Pre-RT SPECT lung perfusion images were classified by comparing lung perfusion defects with radiological abnormalities before RT. Grade 0: There was no lung perfusion defect in the area of radiological abnormality. Grade 1: The size of the radiological abnormality was similar to the area of the lung perfusion defect. Grade 2: The area of the lung perfusion defect was bigger than the size of the radiological abnormality and extended to one lobe of the lung. Grade 3: The area of lung perfusion defect exceeded one lobe of the lung. The radiation field with more than 20 Gy was drawn as a region of interest (ROI). The proportion of radioactive dose within this ROI relative to total lung dose in one slice was calculated.RESULTS All patients had lung perfusion defects, nine patients with grade 1,five patients with grade 2 and five patients with grade 3 damage,respectively. All tumors in the 19 patients were reduced in CT or X-ray images to various degrees after 40～50 Gy radiation. The mean proportion of ROI in 19 patients was 53.7±29.8% before radiation as compared to 57.6±22.6% during RT. The difference between these two groups was not significant (P=0.280). The decreased relative lung perfusion post-RT was found in six patients, whereas the increased relative lung perfusion post-RT was observed in 13 patients.CONCLUSION SPECT lung perfusion scaning is a simple, convenient and useful method for assessing regional lung function pre-RT and for monitoring the changes in regional lung function after irradiation.     

急 慢性粒细胞白血病初诊骨髓磁共振成像表现比较

目的比较急、慢性粒细胞白血病初诊骨髓磁共振成像(MRI)表现。方法搜集经细胞形态学、免疫学及遗传学(MIC)分型综合分析确诊的成人初诊急性粒细胞白血病28例及慢性粒细胞白血病16例,所有患者均行骨盆及股骨中上段MRI检查,选取20名年龄匹配的健康志愿者作为对照组。结果将患者骨髓MRI表现按浸润程度和范围分为5级,急性粒细胞白血病患者23例属Ⅰ~Ⅲ级,5例属Ⅳ级,无Ⅴ级病例;慢性粒细胞白血病患者12例属Ⅴ级,4例属Ⅳ级,无Ⅰ~Ⅲ级病例。两组患者MRI分级总体分布差异具有统计学意义(Uc=5.231,P<0.01)。结论慢性粒细胞白血病初诊患者骨髓MRI多显示弥漫浸润,急性粒细胞白血病患者股骨头及大转子可保持正常信号,前者受累范围大于后者。     

磁共振成像在分析脊髓栓系综合征神经损伤因素中的价值

目的研究腰骶椎磁共振成像(MRI)在评估脊髓栓系综合征(TCS)神经功能损伤中的价值,分析影响神经系统损害的因素。方法搜集TCS患者58例,按年龄分为小儿及成人两组,行MRI腰骶椎脊髓及终丝成像。神经损伤的轻重程度依临床表现分为4级。在MRI图像中观察脊髓圆锥的位置、形态及脊椎的全貌,按圆锥在椎管内的位置分为高低两级。结果58例TCS患者脊髓圆锥位置均低于L2椎体下缘,小儿组合并脊柱侧弯或腰椎生理曲度加大或硬膜囊扩张的脊柱畸形患者神经损伤程度较未合并脊柱畸形患者轻,差异有统计学意义(P=0.0035)。小儿组脊髓圆锥的位置较成人组低、神经损伤的程度较成人组严重,差异均有统计学意义。结论MRI可全面显示脊髓圆锥、终丝及周围组织形态,能为TCS患者脊髓张力的判断及神经损伤的评估提供重要的影像学依据。     

膝关节类风湿性关节炎的MRI诊断

目的探讨磁共振成像(MRI)技术在类风湿性关节炎(RA)患者膝关节病变临床诊断中的应用价值.方法对32例51个膝关节进行磁共振检查,并分析其表现.结果MRI显示了RA患者膝关节的滑膜增生及血管翳形成、关节软骨破坏、骨质受侵、关节囊积液及周围邻近软组织的改变,并可通过血管翳的信号和强化程度判断疾病的时期.结论MRI能直接显示RA患者膝关节的各种改变,与X线及CT比较有明显优势,有助于疾病的早期诊断和临床分期.     

迟发性外伤性颅内病变的CT检查

近年来颅脑外伤患者呈逐年增多趋势 ,以车祸伤增多更为明显。及时发现外伤性颅内迟发性病变对提高颅脑外伤患者的生存率和降低致残率有重要作用。本文旨在通过对一组外伤性迟发性颅内病变的CT分析 ,探讨颅脑外伤患者复查CT的最佳时机 ,以免延误诊治。材料与方法　搜集 1999～ 2     

桥小脑角区肿瘤的低场MRI诊断

目的探讨低场磁共振成像(MRI)对桥小脑角区肿瘤的临床诊断价值。方法经临床、手术病理证实的桥小脑角区肿瘤61例,回顾性分析其低场MRI表现。结果听神经瘤33例,表皮样囊肿9例,脑膜瘤7例,三叉神经瘤6例,蛛网膜囊肿4例,室管膜瘤2例。结论低场MRI对桥小脑角区肿瘤也有很高的临床诊断价值。     

核磁弥散加权高信号的意义

核磁弥散加权穴DiffusionMRimaging熏DWI雪能够根据水分子在脑组织中的移动形成对比影像、因而对缺血性卒中高度敏感。由于对磁共振设备有较高的要求。核磁弥散加权在近期才得到普及。1. 弥散加权成像的基本原理弥散是因粒子或分子随机碰撞而造成的移动。弥散依赖于被研究的分子或粒子的类型、温度和弥散发生的环境。1965年Stejskal和Tanner第一次描述弥散加权序列眼1演。具体方法是:在常规自旋回波序列180°脉冲前后施加强梯度场,无弥散存在的情况下,质子依磁场梯度随机移动,以不同频率自旋,质子在回波时不能完全再聚焦熏从而使信号随…     

获得性肝性脑部变性的MRI诊断

目的 研究获得性肝性脑部变性的MRI特征。方法 收集经临床确诊的获得性肝性脑部变性4例，其中男性1例女性3例。全部病例均有完备的MRI资料。结果 4例脑部均有阳性MRI表现，其中双侧苍白球4例、豆状核3例、中脑红核周围3例、垂体前叶l例，表现为自旋回波(sE)序列T1WI为高信号，T2WI及FLAIR像无异常。结论 获得性肝性脑部变性的MRI征象具有特征性，MRI对该病的诊断有较高价值。