Investigation of Direct Causes of Drug Relapse and Abstainers’ Demands in a Compulsive Detoxification Center in Wuhan City of China

Objective To identify the direct causes of drug relapse and abstainers’ demand, and to develop programs for the prevention of drug relapse. Methods Abstainers in a Compulsive Detoxification Center in Wuhan City, capital of Hubei Province were randomly selected. An investigation on the direct causes of drug relapse and abstainers’ demands was conducted with multiple-choice questionnaires and face to face interviews. Data were analyzed with SPSS 12.0. Results The direct causes leading to drug relapse included: temptation to use drug again by themselves or by their drug mates, seeking pleasure and ecstasy from drug use, relatively well off living, mental stress, irritation, demoralization, family conflicts, unemployment, feeling distrusted by the family, lack of care and love from the family, and discrimination by others. abstainers’ demands after detoxification and returning to the society included: care and support from the family, employment assistance, changing living environment, understanding by others, support from the society, and keeping far away from drugs. Conclusions Environmental factors are the direct causes of drug relapse, and negative irritation is its predisposing causes. Leaving former residence, more care and help given by both the family and the society and raising their overall quality of life are the demands of abstainers.     

脑肿瘤误诊原因分析

本文23例脑肿瘤误诊为其他神经内科疾病12种,其中误诊为脑血管病15例,占65%.作者结合文献对其误诊原因作丁分析:1.发病年龄、形式、临床过程及局灶体征均貌似脑血管病。2.忽略某些肿瘤慢性进展的特点。3.颅内高压不明显.4.局灶性癫痫反复发作对肿瘤诊断上的重要意义。5.临床表现形式特殊:如偏头痛,痴呆等.     

Group Similarities in Beliefs Concerning the Causes of Alcohol Problems and the Effectiveness of Means of Overcoming Problem Alcohol Use

Four hundred and eight respondents, who did or did not know persons close to themselves with alcohol problems, from four different racial/ethnic groups (with one group, Filipinos, categorized in terms of whether they were born in the Philippines or in the US.) rated the importance of 19 different causes of problem alcohol use and 22 different means of overcoming problem alcohol use. Rank-order correlations across sexes, persons differing in exposure to problem drinkers, and ethnic groups were nearly all in the 0.90's regarding causation. Correlations of Caucasians' ratings with those of other groups were high, but only in the 0.60's and 0.70'9, chiefly because Caucasians were more prone to regard problem alcohol use as hereditary and as a disease, and less likely to believe problem use to result from social factors. All across-group correlations concerning beliefs about the effectiveness of means of overcoming problems were in the 0.90's. Some of the means of treatment regarded most highly by all groups have not been demonstrated to be effective.     

Takayasu arteritis: Follow-up studies for 20 years

We reviewed retrospectively 126 (5 male, 121 female) patients suffering from Takayasu arteritis who had been treated in our clinics from 1971 to 1990. The patients' ages ranged from 19 to 80yrs old (1990) with a mean age of 48.7 ± 11.8 years. HLA typing analysis in 98 patients revealed that 45 patients (47%) were confirmed as carrying the Bw52 antigen, a high result that is statistically significant as compared with that in healthy Japanese. Arteriograms (performed in 75 patients) revealed that 28 patients (37%) were affected in the aorta and its main branches by this disease (type IV by Nasu's classification) and 23 patients (31%) were affected only in the main branches (type I). The C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) improved significantly from 2.55 ± 0.28(+) and 57.0 ± 5.69 mm/hr to 0.53 ± 0.12(+) and 31.2 ± 3.45 mm/hr, respectively after treatment including steroid and antiplatelet therapy (P < 0.01).=" patients=" with=" bw52=" exhibited=" more=" severe=" inflammatory=" conditions=" than=" those=" without=" bw52.=" lung=" scintillations=" performed=" in=" 81=" patients=" showed=" pulmonary=" arterial=" lesions=" in=" 50=" patients=" (62%).=" echocardiograms=" revealed=" aortic=" regurgitation=" (ar)=" in=" 44=" patients=" (35%),=" with=" a=" significant=" difference=" noted=" between=" the=" bw52=" positive=" group=" and=" the=" bw52=" negative=" group=" [29/40=" (73%)=" versus=" 11/47=" (23%),=">P < 0.001].=" patients=" with=" bw52=" were=" prescribed=" higher=" doses=" of=" steroids=">P < 0.05)=" for=" longer=" periods=">P < 0.01)=" than=" those=" without=" bw52.=" of=" 11=" patients=" who=" died=" during=" our=" study=" period,=" 7=" died=" of=" cardiac=" complications,=" all=" of=" whom=" were=" suffering=" from=" ar.=" hla=" analysis=" performed=" in=" 6=" of=" these=" 7=" patients=" revealed=" that=" all=" carried=" the=" bw52=" antigen.=" in=" conclusion,=" the=" retrospective=" survey=" revealed=" that=" patients=" carrying=" the=" bw52=" antigen=" showed=" more=" severe=" inflammatory=" conditions=" and=" progressed=" more=" rapidly=" to=" complications=" and=" the=" fatal=" morbid=" condition,=" as=" compared=" with=" those=" without=" bw52.=" this=" suggests=" the=" important=" role=" of=" gene=" disequilibrium=" with=" this=" hla=">     

重庆市交通警察截缩寿命研究

对重庆市交通警察1988～1997 年全死因和去死因截缩寿命进行了分析,结果显示:15 岁组平均期望寿命53.18 岁,较重庆市七区居民(1989 年)低4.1 岁,平均死亡年龄为56.53 岁,寿命损失量随年龄增加而增大。主要死因顺位为恶性肿瘤、心脑血管疾病和意外死亡(以车祸为主)。经研究表明,改善交警工作环境,延长交警寿命的任务还很艰巨     

308例神经系统病残儿童病因分析

目的:通过分析近两年泸州市区及各乡镇神经系统疾病所致病残儿童的病因,探讨减少病残儿童发生的防治措施并提出相应的对策。方法:对泸州市区及各乡镇因第1子女为神经系统疾病所致残疾,不能成长为正常劳动力而要求生第2个孩子的308例病残儿鉴定审批表进行疾病分类、病因分析。结果:癫痫82例(26.6%),脑瘫79例(25.6%),智力低下61例(19.8%),脑发育不全52例(16.9%),脑炎后遗症34例(11.1%)。在各种疾病的形成中,生产因素(包括产前和产时)占50.0%,后天因素(包括脑炎后遗症、外伤等)占36.7%,遗传因素占5.2%,原因不明占8.1%。结论:认真做好优生优育宣传工作,加强产前检查、提高产科质量,预防早产儿及畸型儿出生对降低神经系统疾病发病率至关重要。对有神经系统病残倾向的儿童应早期检查、早期干预,以减少病残儿童的发生,减轻病残程度。     

人工晶状体固定性瞳孔夹持治疗方法的探讨

目的 探讨三种类型白内障摘除人工晶状体植入后发生固定性瞳孔夹持原因和手术治疗方法。方法 对21例人工晶状体固定性瞳孔夹持的原因进行分析。用2种不同的手术方法进行处理。术后随访3-12月。结果 固定性瞳孔夹持主要见于小儿外伤性白内障及成人外伤性白内障，术后小儿组矫正视力≥0.3者10眼（58.82%)。成人组矫正视力≥0.3者5眼（83.33%)。老年性白内障0.41例，0.61例。结论 固定性瞳孔夹持3月后，经手术可以复位，获得较好视力。     

零售药店药疗事件成因分析及对策研究

目的:探讨零售药店药疗事件的成因及防范对策。方法:从零售药店普遍存在的一些现象分析药疗事件成因,提出防范对策。结果与结论:零售药店药疗事件的成因涉及合理用药服务机制和国家有效监督管理体制等多种因素,减少和避免零售药店药疗事件需多方面综合治理。     

急性重症胆管炎手术时机和死亡原因的探讨

目的 探讨急性重症胆管炎(ACST)病人的手术时机及死亡原因。方法 回顾性分析116例ACST病人的治疗及予后情况。结果 围手术期死亡10例。在中毒性休克6h内行手术者全部存活，超过24h8例，除1例幸存外，余7例均于术后1～4d死于中毒性休克、多器官功能衰竭。结论 ACST病人应在出现休克或精神症状之前采用手术治疗，越早手术效果越好；延误手术时机、严重并发症、高龄是死亡的主要原因。     

165例老年肺结核病医院感染的临床研究

目的：探讨老年肺结核病患者医院感染的临床特点及易感因素，以采取有效防治措施。方法：采用回顾性调查方法对1468例肺结核病患者医院感染进行调查。结果：老年肺病患者医院感染率28．1％，感染部位以呼吸道为主，泌尿道，肠道次之；医院感染病菌以革兰阴性菌为主，病程，原发病情况，并存率，抗生素的使用及侵袭性操作为易感因素，结论L积极治疗原发疾病，减少复治，难治老年肺结核病患者，防治并存症，合理使用抗生素，减少，避免侵袭性操作，是防治老年肺结核病医院感染的有效措施。