Residential Trajectories of Street Youth—the Montréal Cohort Study

Little is known about the course of homelessness among youth between the ages of 18 and 25 despite the many characteristics distinguishing them from adolescents and from older street-involved populations. We examined the residential trajectories of homeless young adults in Montréal over a 21-month period and identified determinants of various trajectory profiles. The 365 study participants (79 % men, mean age 21.9 years) were followed for an average of 515 days (range 81–630 days). We assessed housing status with a questionnaire based on the residential follow-back calendar designed by the New Hampshire Dartmouth Research Center. Using latent growth analysis to examine achievement of residential stability over time, we observed three different trajectories: group 1 presented a low probability of housing throughout the entire study period; group 2 showed a high probability of early and stable housing; group 3 displayed a fluctuating pattern. Protective correlates of residential stability included high school education, birth in Canada, and presence of mental health problems. Drug abuse or dependence was associated with a decreased probability of housing.     

青年胰腺恶性肿瘤33例临床病理分析

目的 探讨青年胰腺恶性肿瘤（pancreatic malignant tumor,PMT）的临床病理表现,以提高其诊治水平.方法 回顾33例青年PMT的临床病理资料,结合文献综合分析.结果 33例PMT中,实性假乳头状瘤10例,导管腺癌8例,内分泌肿瘤7例,黏液性囊腺癌4例,导管内乳头状黏液癌3例,淋巴瘤1例;TNM分期：Ⅰ期13例,Ⅱ期6例,Ⅲ期6例,Ⅳ期8例.临床表现以腹痛、腹胀、腹部包块、食欲减退等为主,4例内分泌肿瘤出现血糖增高等内分泌症状,10例出现皮肤黄染.手术治疗26例,其中根治性手术21例.随访9～ 33个月,14例死亡,17例存活,2例失访.结论 青年胰腺恶性肿瘤早期多无特殊症状,且预后不良,应重视对青年胰腺恶性肿瘤的早期诊治.     

The impact of afterschool program attendance on academic outcomes of middle school students

This evaluation examined the effects of afterschool programs—supported by an afterschool system intermediary organization (ASIO)—on middle school students' academic performance and examined how those effects varied by student characteristics and program engagement. In this longitudinal, quasi-experimental matched comparison group evaluation, propensity score matching was used to create demographically balanced samples of ASIO-supported afterschool program participants and nonparticipants. Students enrolled in the afterschool programs did not differ from non-participants in growth over time on most academic outcomes. Students attending the afterschool programs showed less growth on certain state test scores compared to nonparticipants. Student demographic characteristics did not consistently influence participant outcomes. Among program participants only, students who were enrolled more than 1 year demonstrated a 7-percentile-point increase in state test scores per year of program engagement. There was no consistent evidence that ASIO-supported afterschool program participation was associated with improved student academic outcomes. However, study results support increased emphasis on afterschool program retention, given that longer duration of participation in the afterschool programs was associated with more growth on multiple academic outcomes.     

Reconsidering interactive resilience processes in mental health: Implications for child and youth services

Research consistently demonstrates resilience as an interactive process, drawing on personal assets together with relational and contextual resources, to support improved outcomes in contexts of nonnormative adversity. What remains unclear are the dynamics of this process and what drives it. This article draws on a prior scoping review of the literature to conceptually explore the positioning of the individual within this dynamic interplay of risks, resilience, and sociocultural context as it pertains to child and youth mental health. The paper begins by summarizing findings from this scoping review, highlighting core resilience elements and processes. These are then considered in relational to the global meaning theory, situating meaning-making as a key mechanism that mediates the interaction between individuals and their ecologies. Drawing on the literature, this article considers how this interaction shapes the particular ways in which resilience then manifests itself in the lives of individuals and becomes available as a resource to assist in the promotion of mental health.