PACS系统实施效益与现状分析

PACS(医学影像存储与传输系统)的引进实施是实现数字化医院的关键,因此它逐渐成为医院信息化建设的下一个目标。本文主要介绍了PACS系统实施后,医院工作流程的优化及效益提升,对PACS系统目前的应用现状进行了分析比较,并提出了PACS系统实施过程中应避免的几点模糊认识。     

PCaGuard: A Software Platform to Support Optimal Management of Prostate Cancer

Background and Objective  Prostate cancer (PCa) is a severe public health issue and the most common cancer worldwide in men. Early diagnosis can lead to early treatment and long-term survival. The addition of the multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging in combination with ultrasound (mpMRI-U/S fusion) biopsy to the existing diagnostic tools improved prostate cancer detection. Use of both tools gradually increases in every day urological practice. Furthermore, advances in the area of information technology and artificial intelligence have led to the development of software platforms able to support clinical diagnosis and decision-making using patient data from personalized medicine. Methods  We investigated the current aspects of implementation, architecture, and design of a health care information system able to handle and store a large number of clinical examination data along with medical images, and produce a risk calculator in a seamless and secure manner complying with data security/accuracy and personal data protection directives and standards simultaneously. Furthermore, we took into account interoperability support and connectivity to legacy and other information management systems. The platform was implemented using open source, modern frameworks, and development tools. Results  The application showed that software platforms supporting patient follow-up monitoring can be effective, productive, and of extreme value, while at the same time, aiding toward the betterment medicine clinical workflows. Furthermore, it removes access barriers and restrictions to specialized care, especially for rural areas, providing the exchange of medical images and patient data, among hospitals and physicians. Conclusion  This platform handles data to estimate the risk of prostate cancer detection using current state-of-the-art in eHealth systems and services while fusing emerging multidisciplinary and intersectoral approaches. This work offers the research community an open architecture framework that encourages the broader adoption of more robust and comprehensive systems in standard clinical practice.     

协同办公平台设计与实现

分析协同办公平台应用现状与发展趋势,阐述中国疾病预防控制中心协同办公平台功能及架构设计,包括认证管理、权限管理、LDAP目录服务、工作流引擎、网络拓扑等方面,指出该平台有助于实现信息共享,充分利用各种资源提高工作效率和管理水平。     

全自动血型仪2种不同交叉配血流程比较

目的通过对供血者标本采用2种不同工作流程,观察交叉配血结果的一致性及所用时间,为临床工作提供最佳的工作流程。方法分别采用供血者压积红细胞标本、供血者稀释为1%悬液红细胞标本和相同的受血者标本在全自动血型仪上进行主侧交叉配血试验,比较全自动血型仪交叉配血结果的一致性。分别比较供血者压积红细胞标本工作流程和供血者稀释为1%悬液红细胞标本工作流程供血者血液标本前处理,标本处理中,标本后处理,及标本全程处理所用的平均时间。结果供血者压积红细胞标本和供血者稀释为1%悬液红细胞标本全自动血型仪交叉配血结果差异无统计学意义(U=0,P0.05)。供血者压积红细胞标本和供血者稀释为1%悬液红细胞标本工作流程供血者血液标本标本前处理、标本处理中平均用时比较,差异无统计学意义(t=0.692、t=0.562,P0.05),标本后处理和标本全程处理平均用时差异有统计学意义(t=146.485、t=67.053,P0.05)。结论供血者稀释为1%悬液红细胞标本工作流程,其标本后处理,标本全程处理所用的平均时间更短,更加适合标本量大的医院在临床工作中使用。     

Additive Technology: Update on Current Materials and Applications in Dentistry

Additive manufacturing or 3D printing is becoming an alternative to subtractive manufacturing or milling in the area of computer‐aided manufacturing. Research on material for use in additive manufacturing is ongoing, and a wide variety of materials are being used or developed for use in dentistry. Some materials, however, such as cobalt chromium, still lack sufficient research to allow definite conclusions about the suitability of their use in clinical dental practice. Despite this, due to the wide variety of machines that use additive manufacturing, there is much more flexibility in the build material and geometry when building structures compared with subtractive manufacturing. Overall additive manufacturing produces little material waste and is energy efficient when compared to subtractive manufacturing, due to passivity and the additive layering nature of the build process. Such features make the technique suitable to be used with fabricating structures out of hard to handle materials such as cobalt chromium. The main limitations of this technology include the appearance of steps due to layering of material and difficulty in fabricating certain material generally used in dentistry for use in 3D printing such as ceramics. The current pace of technological development, however, promises exciting possibilities.     

A Web-Based Flexible Communication System in Radiology

A web-based system for rapid multidirectional communication has been created in the Radiology department at San Francisco General Hospital. The system allows messaging among radiology attendings, residents, and technologists, as well as other members of the hospital community, such as Emergency Department physicians and nurses. Instead of being tied to a particular workflow, this system provides a flexible communication infrastructure which can be easily adapted for different functions and user roles. The system has so far been configured to successfully support the standard “wet reading” workflow, to support marking and tracking of critical results, as well as multiple educational and quality improvement workflows. In the 19 months of operation, the system has gained over 1,800 users (virtually all providers at our institution), it has been accessed by radiologists over 39,000 times and by non-radiologists over 34,000 times. It has become an integral part of the radiology department operations and non-radiology clinical workflows. Unlike most existing softwares, our system is not a task-specific application, but a multipurpose communication system. It is able to effectively accommodate multiple workflows and user roles through configuration (without additional programming). This flexibility has helped this system to be rapidly and widely adopted within our enterprise. The extended reach of the system enables improved monitoring and documentation of workflows, helping with management decision making, and quality assurance. We report a successful radiology communication system based on the principles of flexibility and inclusiveness of users inside and outside the radiology department.     

Radiologist Use of and Perceived Need for Patient Data Access

Given the increasing volume of radiological exams, the decreasing frequency of direct communication with the referring provider, and the distribution of patient data over many clinical systems, radiologists often do not have adequate clinical information at the time of interpretation. We have performed a survey of radiologists to determine the need and actual utilization of patient data at the time of image interpretation. Our findings demonstrate that most radiologists want more clinical information when interpreting images and that this information would impact their report, but they are discouraged by the time it takes to access this information. In addition, current mechanisms for monitoring necessary patient follow-up are inadequate.     

基于工作流技术的医院机关管理系统的研究

为加强医院信息化建设,提高机关办公效率和质量,利用工作流管理技术,结合医院现有资源,对医院机关管理系统的功能、设计、关键技术等进行研究,从而为开发该系统奠定基础,由此实现医院机关管理的信息化、数字化和自动化。     

Comparing 0.2 tesla with 1.5 tesla intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging analysis of setup, workflow, and efficiency

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To compare low-field with high-field intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in respect to setup, workflow, and efficiency. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 750 patients were investigated either with a 0.2 T (March 1996-July 2001) or a 1.5 T (April 2002-August 2004) MRI system adapted for intraoperative use. RESULTS: With the low-field setup, 330 patients were examined in 65 months; with the high-field setup, 420 patients were examined in 29 months, which is a 2.8-fold increase in cases per month (14.5 versus 5.1) reflecting improved ease of use. Concerning intraoperative workflow, the time for preparation to start intraoperative imaging decreased fivefold (2 minutes instead of 10 minutes); navigation was applied more often with 57% versus 51% (240/420 versus 167/330), whereas functional data were integrated in 35% versus 39% (84/240 versus 65/167). Application of navigation updates was doubled (22% versus 11%; 53/240 versus 18/167). Image acquisition time was reduced by a factor of two, allowing a more detailed imaging protocol, whereas the image quality is clearly improved in the high-field setup, where there was no difference between the standard preoperative image quality compared with the intraoperative quality. This contributed to an increased detection of tumor remnants and extended resections in pituitary (36% versus 29%; 47/129 versus 17/59) and glioma surgery (41% versus 26%; 38/93 versus 28/106). CONCLUSION: Compared with the low-field setup, the high-field setup results not only in clearly superior image quality and increased imaging armamentarium, contributing to increased rates of detected tumor remnants, but also in a distinct improvement of intraoperative workflow. Furthermore, intraoperative high-field MRI offers various modalities beyond standard anatomic imaging, such as magnetic resonance spectroscopy, diffusion tensor imaging, and functional MRI.