高职护理专业学生对老年高血压患者家庭护理的认知与态度

目的了解高职护理专业学生对老年高血压患者家庭护理的认知与态度。方法对218例高职学生进行关于老年高血压患者家庭护理的问卷调查,内容包括疾病基本知识、营养知识、健康教育、心理护理、家庭护理技能以及异常情况观察等方面。结果高职学生对老年高血压及其家庭护理了解程度较好者占19.72%和32.57%;有一定了解者占52.29%和45.41%;完全不了解者27.98%和22.02%。其相关知识问卷总分为(51.66±4.02)分;其中对心理护理了解最差,其次为营养知识、健康教育、疾病基本知识、异常情况的观察、家庭护理技能。结论高职学生对老年高血压患者家庭护理的认知与态度不容乐观,应加强相关知识和技能的教育,对减少患者并发症的发生、提高其生活质量具有重要意义。     

United States Version of the Stroke Driver Screening Assessment: A Pilot Study

Abstract

Background: Most stroke survivors who resume driving in the United States do so within the first year. More than 87% of these individuals resume driving without a formal evaluation of their fitness to drive because of the absence of standard practices and generally accepted and valid screening tools. The Stroke Driver Screening Assessment (SDSA) is an established battery for predicting stroke survivors’ driving performance but is not currently used in the United States. This pilot study investigated the predictive ability of the US version of the battery in a US-based cohort of stroke survivors. Method: Fifteen first-ever stroke survivors (age, 52±12 years) and 16 healthy adults (age, 40±16 years) were administered the US version of the SDSA in a standardized format. Performance on the SDSA was compared with driving performance in a high-fidelity driving simulator. Results: Stroke and healthy participants’ driving performance was predicted with 87% and 88% accuracy, respectively. Conclusion: The US version of the SDSA battery has the potential to be a good predictor of driving performance of mildly impaired stroke survivors. Larger studies are needed to further establish its predictive accuracy.     

贵州地区1244名高职新生乙肝病毒感染情况调查

用酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)对入校的1 244名贵州地区高职新生乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染情况进行检测,结果1 244名高职新生HBV感染率为12.70%(158/1244),抗-HBs阳性率为11.74%(146/1244),5项标志物全阴性为75.56%(940/1244)。高校新生抗-HBs阳性率较低,因此需做好学生乙肝防治知识的宣教及疫苗接种工作。     

中医美容高职人才培养目标体系的研究

准确定位人才培养目标,是建立科学、合理、有效的专业人才培养方案的前提条件,也是提升人才培养质量、实现高校输送有用人才、服务社会职能的基本保障。本文依据高职教育的性质和特点,结合美容业对中医美容专业人才在就业岗位、技术能力、综合素质等方面的职业要求,对中医美容人才进行了定性、定位分析,探讨了培养理念、培养要求,总结确立了中医美容高职人才培养的目标体系,为进一步建立实施人才培养方案提供理论参考。     

中医美容专业高职人才培养考评体系建设

考核评价体系是人才培养方案的重要组成部分。笔者对中医美容专业高职人才培养考评体系建设进行了详细的阐述,根据课程体系建设当中的理论知识模块、专业技能模块和职业素质教育模块来设置不同的考核方式,设计了独具特色的理论考试、技能考核和素质评定方法,注重过程考核,引进学分制,采用多元化的考核模式及考试主体,加强综合素质考核,使学生的职业能力得到充分的锻炼与提升。     

Driving and off‐road impairments underlying failure on road testing in Parkinson's disease

Parkinson's disease (PD) affects driving ability. We aimed to determine the most critical impairments in specific road skills and in clinical characteristics leading to failure on a road test in PD. In this cross‐sectional study, certified driving assessment experts evaluated specific driving skills in 104 active, licensed drivers with PD using a standardized, on‐road checklist and issued a global decision of pass/fail. Participants also completed an off‐road evaluation assessing demographic features, disease characteristics, motor function, vision, and cognition. The most important driving skills and off‐road predictors of the pass/fail outcome were identified using multivariate stepwise regression analyses. Eighty‐six (65%) passed and 36 (35%) failed the on‐road driving evaluation. Persons who failed performed worse on all on‐road items. When adjusted for age and gender, poor performances on lateral positioning at low speed, speed adaptations at high speed, and left turning maneuvers yielded the best model that determined the pass/fail decision (R² = 0.56). The fail group performed poorer on all motor, visual, and cognitive tests. Measures of visual scanning, motor severity, PD subtype, visual acuity, executive functions, and divided attention were independent predictors of pass/fail decisions in the multivariate model (R² = 0.60). Our study demonstrated that failure on a road test in PD is determined by impairments in specific driving skills and associated with deficits in motor, visual, executive, and visuospatial functions. These findings point to specific driving and off‐road impairments that can be targeted in multimodal rehabilitation programs for drivers with PD. © 2013 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society     

基于JACK的驾驶姿势的下肢关节受力及舒适度分析

目的 研究驾驶姿势下外力施加给人体下肢时,关节角度及外力大小对关节力矩大小的影响特征;根据力矩计算单关节舒适度并验证。方法 采集人体测量参数,在Jack中建立了10名志愿者对应的个性化数字人模型。模拟人的驾驶姿势,计算下肢各关节处的力矩大小。结果 Jack计算出关节力矩与角度和外力的相关性明显,变化趋势与实测结果一致。舒适度评价方法反映出真实关节感受。结论 各关节力矩与踝关节角度呈负相关,与外力呈正相关;驾驶员的膝关节角度取108°到113°度为宜;对于髋关节和踝关节力矩,外力的影响最大;对于膝关节力矩,膝关节角度的影响最大;关节力矩受踝关节角度的影响最小,与之负相关;基于力矩的舒适度概念定量地反映出关节舒适感,可以为驾驶环境设计提供参考。