Bupropion and nicotine patch as smoking cessation aids in alcoholics.

This is a double-blind placebo-controlled study of sustained-release bupropion as a smoking cessation aid in alcoholics undergoing treatment for their alcoholism. Participants (N=58) were enrolled within 1 week of entry into alcohol treatment from community and Veterans Affairs Substance Use Disorder programs. All participants received nicotine patch and were invited to attend a smoking cessation lecture and group. Cigarette smoking and alcohol outcomes were measured at 6 months. Bupropion when added to nicotine patch did not improve smoking outcomes. One third of participants on bupropion reported discontinuing the drug during weeks 1-4. Participants reported cigarette outcomes with nicotine patch that are similar to those seen in the general population. All study participants significantly reduced cigarette use. Comorbid affective disorder or antipersonality disorder did not affect outcomes. Alcohol outcomes were improved in those who discontinued cigarettes.     

Graduate Education in the Field of Substance Abuse

Abstract: Twenty-six part-time students from a variety of professional backgrounds are enrolled in the first year of a Graduate Diploma in Social Science (Drug Dependence) at the Phillip Institute of Technology in Victoria. The course is conducted under the auspices of the School of Social Work and commenced in 1984. It is argued that the graduates from this unique course could play a key role in providing personnel to fill positions in the areas of clinical work, staff development, drug education, programme development and management and research.     

阿片类依赖者的社会心理因素分析

本文对２８４例自愿戒毒的阿片类依赖者的部分社会心理因素进行分析。３０ａ以下、初中以下文化的青年，特别是待业和个体户，性格不稳定者是阿片类物质滥用的高危人群，为预防的重点对象。阿片类依赖戒断治疗后的高复吸率，反映出目前的治疗仅注重戒断，忽视康复和回归社会后的随访工作。今后应在人力、财力方面向康复和社会随访方面转移和倾斜，方能真见成效。     

中国蒙,汉族酒依赖与醇脱氢酶和醛脱氢酶基因多态性的相关研究

为探讨醇脱氢酶（ＡＤＨ）基因和醛脱氢酶（ＡＬＤＨ）基因多态性与酒依赖患病的相互关系，用耳血干血痕聚合酶链反应、等位基因特异性寡核苷酸探针方法，检测乙醇代谢酶ＡＤＨ和ＡＬＤＨ基因型在我国蒙、汉民族酒依赖与非酒依赖者中分布频率。结果显示在酒依赖组（汉族５２例，蒙族３１例）与正常对照组（汉族４８例，蒙族３５例）之间：汉族的ＡＬＤＨ２基因型频率与等位基因频率的分布差异有非常显著性（Ｐ＜０．０１），而蒙族则表示为ＡＤＨ２基因型频率与等位基因频率的分布差异有非常显著性（Ｐ＜０．０１）。这提示汉族酒依赖的发病与ＡＬＤＨ２基因有关，蒙族则与ＡＤＨ２基因有关。     

Depressive symptoms during buprenorphine vs. methadone maintenance: findings from a randomised, controlled trial in opioid dependence

Research suggests that buprenorphine may possess antidepressant activity. The Beck Depression Inventory was completed at baseline and 3 months by heroin dependent subjects receiving either buprenorphine or methadone maintenance as part of a larger, pre-existing, double blind trial conducted by NDARC (Australia). Depressive symptoms improved in all subjects, with no difference between methadone and buprenorphine groups, suggesting no differential benefit on depressive symptoms for buprenorphine compared to methadone.     

鸟牌呼吸机故障及排除三例

呼吸机在国内外医院广泛应用，详细介绍鸟牌呼吸机在临床上3例常见的故障和排除方法。     

针刺对海洛因依赖的脱毒疗效及其防复吸潜力的临床研究

目的 比较针刺、针刺加阿片、阿片加丁丙诺啡及阿片加韩氏戒毒仪4种方法的脱毒疗效及其对脱毒末期稽延性戒断症状和心理渴求的影响。方法 应用戒断症状量表观察脱毒疗效，应用视觉类比量表(VAS)研究心理渴求程度。结果 针刺改善海洛困依赖者戒断症状的优势主要表现在治疗的第6天以后，改善渴求心理的优势表现在第8天以后，且无明显副作用。结论 针刺具有防复吸潜力。可作为解决稽延性戒断症状和消除心理依赖的治疗方法。     

AMPA受体介导的突触可塑性与药物依赖

突触可塑性改变是形成药物依赖长期效应的病理基础,兴奋性氨基酸受体在其中起十分重要的作用。近年来的研究表明,多种药物依赖过程与AMPA受体有关。联系药物依赖所致的AMPA受体的变化与神经元的可塑性改变,探讨AMPA受体介导药物依赖的形成机制,可为进一步理解AMPA受体在药物依赖中的作用提供帮助。     

Diplotypes of the human serotonin 1B receptor promoter predict growth hormone responses to sumatriptan in abstinent alcohol-dependent men.

BACKGROUND: Some studies have associated alcohol dependence (AD) with the human serotonin (5-HT)(1B) receptor (HTR1B). This investigation explored the functional responsivity of HTR1B in abstinent AD men using a sumatriptan challenge, while measuring genetic heterogeneity in the HTR1B promoter. METHODS: Abstinent AD men (n = 27) and abstinent men without any alcohol use disorder (n = 19) were administered 6 mg of sumatriptan succinate, subcutaneously. Plasma samples collected over the following 2 hours were assayed for growth hormone (GH) concentrations. His DNA was genotyped for the A-161T and T-261G polymorphisms of the HTR1B promoter and diplotypes determined. RESULTS: Integrated GH responses were predicted by interactions of AD and promoter diplotypes, as well as subject ethnicity. The final model accounted for nearly 35% of the variance in GH responses. Post hoc evaluation revealed that AD was associated with a blunting of GH secretion only among individuals with the most common HTR1B diplotype (TT/TT). CONCLUSIONS: A blunting of GH responses in abstinent AD men was observed only among those with the most common HTR1B promoter diplotype. Less common promoter diplotypes appeared protective. Controlling for genetic background is a useful augmentation of case-control pharmacological challenge strategies designed to elucidate the psychobiology of AD and other complex disorders.     

Neuropsychological changes during steady-state drug use,withdrawal and abstinence in primary benzodiazepine-dependent patients

Impairment on neuropsychological tests during steady-state drug use and withdrawal, and after discontinuation of benzodiazepines, was studied in primary benzodiazepine-dependent patients. One group of patients was tested before and the other group after the initiation of a gradual tapering-off of the drug, and both groups were tested approximately 1 year later. At the initial assessment, both groups of patients showed impairment on most of the tests of general intelligence and on several of the tests in the Halstead-Reitan battery, as well as on a test of nonverbal memory, in comparison with healthy controls. At follow-up the patient groups had reached the level of the control group. This study confirmed earlier observations of neuropsychological deficits in long-term benzodiazepine-using patients and demonstrated that these changes are at least partly reversible by discontinuing drug intake.