后疫情时代的肺移植临床研究发展和未来展望

肺移植技术在全球经历了近半个世纪的发展,在中国也高速发展了二十余年,中国肺移植逐渐融入国际肺移植大家庭。2020年新型冠状病毒肺炎(新冠肺炎)疫情暴发,既是对中国肺移植发展的挑战,也使得全球同行关注中国肺移植发展,加速了国际间的交流与合作。随着对新冠肺炎重症患者肺移植的临床和基础研究逐步深入,移植科医师对于未来中国肺移植在供者的维护、高龄和儿童受者的选择、围手术期管理等方面有了更多的认知和思考。对于肺移植相关学科交叉领域的研究,需要开展设计优良、多方协作的临床试验,不断推进学科理论和实践的创新。     

C反应蛋白和临床肺部感染评分在老年社区获得性肺炎预后评估中的作用

目的探讨C反应蛋白(CRP)及临床肺部感染评分(CPIS)的变化对老年社区获得型肺炎(CAP)患者预后的评估作用。方法对98名老年CAP患者进行回顾性分析,以同期入院的30名老年非感染患者为对照组。分别记录和检测肺炎组入院第1天、第7天的CRP、CPIS评分、血白细胞计数(WBC)、中性粒细胞百分比(N)、白蛋白(ALB)和前白蛋白(PA)。根据预后将患者分为生存组和死亡组,通过ROC曲线选取最佳临界点,分别以治疗后CRP下降率<70%和治疗后CPIS下降值<0.5为分组标准,通过统计学处理分析上述不同组别的预后并进行比较。结果入院时CRP在生存组为(77.87±69.97)mg/L,死亡组为(71.10±71.75)mg/L,与对照组(4.30±3.91)mg/L相比显著增高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),CRP和CPIS在生存组与死亡组之间差异无统计学意义。治疗7 d后与入院时相比,生存组的CRP(22.44±22.83)和mg/L和CPIS(2.34±2.15)有明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),死亡组CRP(61.28±40.37)mg/L和CPIS(6.04±2.23)差异无统计学意义。2者之间相比,死亡组的CRP和CPIS明显高于生存组(P<0.01)。根据ROC曲线计算曲线下面积(AUC),CRP下降率的AUC为0.750,CPIS下降的AUC为0.755。根据ROC曲线计算出最佳临界点,CRP下降率为70.33%,CPIS下降值为0.5。CRP下降率<70%和CPIS下降值<0.52个指标连用对预测死亡的特异性为82.4%、阳性预测值为58.1%,高于单用其中一项指标。对肺炎组的死亡因素进行回归分析得到:Y^=0.551+0.064CPIS2+0.064CPR2-0.205ALB1,该回归方程的决定系数为0.603。结论动态监测CRP和CPIS对于评价老年CAP预后具有重要的临床指导意义。特别是对于临床表现不典型的老年CRP患者,推荐同时监测这2项指标。     

The SMART‐COP score performs well for pneumonia risk stratification in Australia’s Tropical Northern Territory: a prospective cohort study

Objective To prospectively compare a modified pneumonia severity scoring system, SMARTACOP, with other severity scores in patients presenting with pneumonia to the emergency department (ED) of a tertiary referral hospital in tropical Australia. Methods We conducted a prospective observational study of adult patients presenting with radiologically confirmed pneumonia over a 12‐month period. The sensitivity of risk stratification scores were assessed against the need for intensive respiratory or vasopressor support (IRVS). Results There were 367 ED attendances for pneumonia of whom 77.1% were admitted to hospital, 10% required intensive respiratory or vasopressor support and 2.8% died. Mean age was 50.0 years, 52% were men and 59% were Indigenous. The sensitivity of a SMART‐COP score ≥3, a SMARTACOP score ≥3 and a pneumonia severity index (PSI) class ≥3 for predicting IRVS was 97%, 97% and 78% respectively. Conclusions We found no significant advantage of the SMARTACOP over the SMART‐COP score for the prediction of intensive respiratory or vasopressor support, but both scores significantly outperformed PSI. The SMART‐COP score should replace the PSI in tropical Australia and should be assessed in other tropical areas for pneumonia risk stratification in emergency departments.     

A case with life-threatening interstitial pneumonia associated with bucillamine treatment

Abstract

We report a case of bucillamine-induced interstitial pneumonia accompanied by severe hypoxemia in an 83-year-old woman who had rheumatoid arthritis. Respiratory failure worsened even after withdrawal of bucillamine and administration of high-dose corticosteroids, and mechanical ventilation was required. A review of 15 cases with bucillamine-induced pulmonary injury suggests that advanced age may be associated with the development of severe interstitial pneumonia. Bucillamine can cause corticosteroid-resistant and life-threatening lung injury, especially in the elderly.