重型颅脑损伤早期肠内营养的临床研究

目的　探讨重型颅脑损伤早期肠内营养的合理性与临床价值。方法　GCS≤ 8的重型颅脑损伤患者随机分为两组 :A组 32例 ,早期肠内营养 ;B组 36例 ,早期全胃肠外营养。两组营养支持均在伤后或术后 2 4小时开始 ,观察两组患者营养状况 ,胃肠道并发症及其他并发症的发生率及预后。结果　EEN组的营养状况优于TPN组 ,胃肠道并发症及其他并发症的发生率低于TPN组 (P <0 .0 5) ,预后亦较TPN组有明显改善 (P<0 .0 5)。结论　重型颅脑损伤后早期肠内营养可改善患者营养状况 ,减少并发症的发生 ,并改善预后。     

黄芪灯盏花注射液对阳气虚型冠心病心率变异的影响

观察黄芪灯盏花注射液对 2 5例阳气虚型冠心病患者的心率变异性(HRV)的影响 ,并设对照组及正常人组 ,采用动态心电图含有 HRV时域分析软件进行分析。结果 :黄芪灯盏花注射液组 HRV数值明显提高 ,差异显著 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,或非常显著 (P<0 .0 1)。提示 :黄芪灯盏花注射液对冠心病患者 HRV心脏自主神经功能具有益影响。     

Risky drug practices and treatment needs of youth detained in New South Wales Juvenile Justice Centres

Demographic, drug use and criminal correlates of risky drug practices were examined among 279 detained youth in NSW Juvenile Justice Centres. Binge drinking was common, with 63% reporting the consumption of at least five drinks in a row in the 2 weeks prior to incarceration. It was associated with being older, being from an English-speaking background, regular tobacco consumption and having a current drug problem. A quarter (24%) of the sample had injected an illicit drug, over one-third (37%) of whom also reported sharing needles. Injectors were more likely to be polydrug users, regular amphetamine users and have a past history of drug treatment. While 16% of the sample indicated a need for drug treatment, only 10% were currently receiving some form of treatment, most commonly counselling. Appropriate strategies are needed among this population to address gaps in treatment provision.     

Work-place screening of mine employees using the alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT) and alcohol breathalyzation

Although public health campaigns focusing on alcohol in the work-place are receiving increasing attention, there is little empirical evidence regarding the use of screening. In this work-place study, 152 mining personnel (67% of the work-force) completed a self report screen using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). One hundred and thirty-three of these (58.5% of the work-force) also consented to be breathalysed and one (0.75%) recorded a BAC just over threshold for detection. Forty-eight males (37.7% of the male work-force) recorded AUDIT scores of eight or more consistent with hazardous alcohol use and one female registered a cumulative score above the female cut-off level for hazardous alcohol use. Eighty males (67% of the work-force), recorded binge drinking at least monthly and 81 males recorded a cumulative AUDIT score of less than eight; however, on item analysis, 64 (83%) of these recorded binge drinking at least sometimes. There is substantial hazardous alcohol use in this sample work group and younger males had higher alcohol consumption, more adverse consequences and higher total AUDIT scores identifying them as particularly at risk. The Cronbach & AUDIT was 0.72, confirming adequate internal consistency.     

Polydrug use at raves by a Western Australian sample

This study aimed to quantify the patterns of drug use among a group of participants in the rave scene in Perth, Western Australia. Interviews were conducted with 83 people who had recently been to a 'rave'. The study incorporated a semi-structured qualitative interview and a structured quantitative questionnaire. This paper reports on the quantitative data collected concerning patterns of drug use in association with the last rave attended. Use of 'dance drugs' (ecstasy, amphetamines or LSD) was reported by 86.8% of the 76 respondents who had used at least one drug in association with their last rave. Nearly 80% of these had also used at least one other drug on this occasion (mean number used = 2.4). Cannabis and inhalants were the drugs most commonly combined with the 'dance drugs', several respondents used more than one 'dance drug' concurrently and 16.7% had used alcohol. It seems that a significant proportion of those using 'dance drugs' in association with raves and dance parties are mixing these drugs with other substances despite harm reduction advice to the contrary. The need for more research in this area is discussed.     

单用国产紫杉醇治疗乳腺癌

目的评价国产紫杉醇（特素）对乳腺癌的治疗效果和不良反应。方法自１９９５年３月至１９９５年７月,采用紫杉醇治疗乳腺癌２２例。紫杉醇１７５ｍｇ／ｍ２（１７０．９～２１０．８ｍｇ／ｍ２）,２１天为１个周期,共１～４次（中位数３次）。结果紫杉醇近期客观疗效：完全缓解３例,部分缓解１１例,总有效率６３．６％（１４／２２）,有效患者的病情已全部再度进展,缓解期２～７个月（中位３．５个月）。特素化疗的主要不良反应为白细胞下降（９６．２％）、脱发（１００％）和肌肉疼痛（８４．９％）。结论国产紫杉醇治疗乳腺癌有效,不良反应可以耐受。     

恩丹西酮（齐鲁）预防非顺铂化疗所致呕吐的Ⅲ期临床研究

目的改进用药方法,进一步确定恩丹西酮的临床应用价值。方法首次用非顺铂药出现呕吐者为入组对象。再次化疗时,给予恩丹西酮（齐鲁）８ｍｇ静脉注射,每日１次。化疗结束后口服８ｍｇ,每日２次,用１天的简化方法。结果经多中心１９３例患者应用,第１天止吐有效率达９３．３％,对迟发性呕吐也有很好疗效。第１～５天平均呕吐次数为０．４～０．０１。结论本法疗效高,副作用小,且经济方便,更适于临床推广应用。     

The use of benzodiazepines among injecting drug users

Benzodiazepine use among injecting drug users (IDUs) presents a major clinical and public health problem that may increase in importance. The current paper examines the research on the extent of benzodiazepine use among IDUs and the harmful consequences associated with such use. Numerous studies have found benzodiazepine use to be widespread among IDUs, and to be associated with greater levels of risk-taking and polydrug use, and poorer psychosocial functioning than other IDUs. The injection of benzodiazepines has also been reported, and presents problems in itself. The implications of existing research for both clinical practice and research are discussed.