肥胖患者上尿路结石MPCNL治疗的临床研究

目的：探讨微创经皮肾镜取石术（MPCNL）治疗肥胖患者上尿路结石的安全性和可行性。方法：选择本院2007年11月至2011年9月间实施的、符合病例入选标准及排除标准的439例MPCNL患者。肥胖组（体重指数BMI≥24）78例,正常体重组（18.5〈BMI〈24）391例。研究组MPCNL术由同一个医疗组医师完成。分别记录两组患者的术前-术毕血红蛋白和红细胞压积的差值,输血率以及手术时间、结石清除率、术后平均住院天数、并发症发生率等。结果：所有的手术均取得成功,无一例中转开放,术中未发生损伤胸膜和肠管手术并发症。两组间比较,术前-术毕血红蛋白和红细胞压积差值、术后住院时间、结石清除率和手术并发症发生率、输血率等均无统计学差异（P﹥0.05）,肥胖患者组手术时间较正常体重组手术时间长,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：MPCNL治疗肥胖和正常体重患者上尿路结石同样安全、有效,但一定程度上肥胖体质增加了MPCNL治疗上尿路结石的手术时间;肥胖患者上尿路结石MPCNL应由熟练的、有经验的医师完成。     

中老年男性前列腺体积及相关参数城乡差异分析

目的调查社区中老年男性前列腺及相关参数情况,比较上海市区与浙江农村地区男性前列腺体积（PV）及其相关参数的差异。方法使用统一格式的问卷,调查40～70岁城市及农村男性居民各1000例,获得有效问卷1982份,应用国际前列腺症状评分（IPSS）评估其下尿路症状（LuTs）,测量血清生殖激素等相关参数水平,经直肠超声测量前列腺各径线大小。结果40～49岁、50～59岁和60～70岁3个不同年龄组上海市区中老年男性PV平均值分别为28．74、30．61、35．88mL,浙江农村男性平均值为22．19、25．34、29．81mL;上海市区男性IPSS评分平均值分别为2．83、3．83和6．04,浙江农村男性平均值为0．59、1．20和2．97;上海城区男性身体质量指数（BMI）平均值分别为25．03、24．78和24．99,农村男性平均值分别为24．06、23．60和23．76。结论中老年男性PV及LUTS症状随着增龄呈现梯度性增加,但上海市区人群前列腺体积与相关参数显著高于浙江农村地区。     

24h尿枸橼酸定量分析在尿石症患者诊治中的意义

目的对30例含钙尿石症患者24h尿枸橼酸排泄进行了病例对照研究,旨在从病因学角度对尿石症的影响因素进行探讨,为临床诊治提供依据。方珐测定30例尿石症患者和30例正常人的24h尿枸橼酸和钙的含量,比较两组的差异;并比较低枸橼酸尿症与高钙尿症与尿石症发病的相关性。结果24h尿枸橼酸的排泄量在结石患者为（224．26±147．63）mg,显著低于正常人（434．58土280．89）mg,且性别差异具有显著性意义,男性低于女性（P〈0．05）。结石患者24h尿液中的枸橼酸／钙比值明显高于正常人（P〈0．05）。低枸橼酸尿症与尿石症发病的相关性高于高钙尿症（P〈0．05）。结论女性24h尿枸橼酸排泄量约为男性的1．4～1．6倍,建议对尿石症患者的代谢评估应考虑性别差异。在结石的代谢评估中,按照性别分类的24h尿枸橼酸／钙比值的降低可能比单纯尿枸橼酸降低更有意义。低枸橼酸尿症在尿石症的代谢评估中可能是比高钙尿症更加重要的指标。     

原发性肝癌患者术前肝储备功能的预测和术后评价

目的 运用脉动色素浓度法(PDD)测定吲哚氰绿潴留率(ICGR15)及有效肝脏血流量(EHBF)评估原发性肝癌患者术前肝脏的储备功能.方法 对55例原发性肝癌患者术前应用PDD法检测ICGR15和EHBF并根据ICGR15分为3组,并行Child-Pugh评分;根据术后肝功的恢复情况将患者分为肝功能恢复良好(G)、轻度不全(M)和重度不全组(S).分析ICGR15三组中术后肝功不全的发生率以及在不同肝功恢复组中ICGR15、EHBF与Child-Pugh评分比较.结果 术后肝功不全在ICGR15三组中的发生率差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);肝功恢复不同组间ICGR15、EHBF同Child-Pugh评分比较具有显著性差异(P＞0.05);在不同的Child-Pugh分级之间,ICGR15及EHBF值差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 ICGR15、EHBF比传统Child-Pugh评分可以更准确的评估肝储备功能并指导确定手术方案.     

泌尿系结石成分分析及意义

目的：分析赤峰地区泌尿系结石成分特点,对预防泌尿系结石的复发提供帮助。方法：对89例泌尿系结石标本进行成分分析,并对结果进行比较。结果：泌尿系结石男性发病多于女性,男、女患者比为1．7：1,上尿路结石明显多于下尿路结石,上、下尿路结石例数比为8．9：1。本地区泌尿系结石成分以混合结石为主,共56例,占62．92％,其中碳酸磷灰石与草酸钙混合结石所占比例最大。单纯成分结石共33例,所占比例为37．08％,其中以草酸钙结石为主。结论：根据结石成分分析得到的结石成分特点,对患者饮食、生活习惯等方面进行指导,以预防泌尿系结石的复发。     

腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除术及直肠代膀胱术的临床疗效分析(附37例报告)

目的探讨腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除术及直肠代膀胱术的手术方法和临床疗效。方法收集本单位2011年10月至2014年6月采用腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除术及直肠代膀胱术的37例膀胱癌患者的临床资料,观察手术时间、术中出血量、术后肠道功能恢复、住院时间、术后并发症及手术效果,并进行统计分析。结果 37例患者的手术均成功完成。手术时间(230±55)分钟,术中出血量(320±110)ml,术后肠蠕动恢复时间为(4±2)天,术后拔除引流管时间为(7±2)天,术后拔除输尿管支架管时间为(13±3)天,术后住院天数为(18±3)天。1例患者术后2月出现粘连性肠梗阻,其余均未出现感染、肠瘘和术后出血等严重手术并发症。术后随访2~36个月,1例死于原发病转移,余患者未见肿瘤复发或远处转移。术后患者排尿通畅,未出现排尿困难;直肠膀胱功能正常,肾功能正常。结论腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除术及直肠代膀胱术创伤小、出血少、恢复快,但操作难度大,是治疗浸润性膀胱癌的一种有效方法。     

Risk factors of liver dysfunction after extended hepatic resection in biliary tract malignancies

Background

Postoperative hepatic insufficiency is a critical complication after extended hepatic resection in patients with biliary tract malignancies, the majority of whom suffer from obstructive jaundice. The aim of this study was to assess clinical parameters linked to this type of liver dysfunction.

Methods

A total of 111 patients were retrospectively reviewed. Patient background, pre- and intraoperative parameters, and a ratio of remnant liver volume/entire liver volume (RLV/ELV) as a volumetric parameter were compared between patients with and without postoperative hyperbilirubinemia and subsequent fatal outcome.

Results

Logistic regression indicated that only RLV/ELV ratio was an independent factor influencing postoperative hyperbilirubinemia, and RLV/ELV ratio and indocyanine green retention rate at 15 minutes (ICG-R15) were factors affecting survival. Patients with RLV/ELV less than 40% had 7.6 times the risk of postoperative hyperbilirubinemia, while no patients with RLV/ELV greater than 40% and ICG-R15 less than 25% died of liver failure.

Conclusions

The RLV/ELV ratio was the factor with the greatest impact on liver dysfunction after extended hepatectomy in patients with biliary tract malignancies.     

Urinary continence recovery after radical prostatectomy – anatomical/reconstructive and nerve‐sparing techniques to improve outcomes

In an editorial board‐moderated debate format, two experts in prostate cancer surgery are challenged with presenting the key strategies in radical prostatectomy that improve urinary functional outcomes. Dr Bernardo Rocco was tasked with arguing the facts that support the anatomical preservation and reconstruction steps that improve urinary continence. Drs Christian Pavlovich and Sasha Druskin were tasked with arguing the facts supporting neurovascular bundle and high anterior release surgical planes that improve urinary continence. Associate Editor John Davis moderates the debate, and outlines the current status of validated patient questionnaires that can be used to evaluate urinary continence, and recent work that allows measuring what constitutes a ‘clinically significant’ difference that either or both of these surgical techniques could influence. A review of raw data from a publication from Dr Pavlovich's team demonstrates how clinically relevant differences in patient‐reported outcomes can be correlated to technique. A visual atlas is presented from both presenting teams, and Dr Davis demonstrates further reproducibility of technique. A linked video on this concept is available as a supplementary file.