Surgical treatment of stress urinary incontinence using the tension-free vaginal tape-obturator system (TVT-O) technique

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the research was to provide a review of the efficacy of the TVT-O technique for the surgical treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and to assess surgical and postsurgical complications related to this technique. STUDY DESIGN: An initial assessment was carried out on 44 women who underwent TVT-O surgery between 16 September 2004 and 1 February 2005. The follow-ups after 3 and 12 months were attended by 37 and 35 patients, respectively. All 44 patients were included for the statistical estimation of intra- and postoperative complications, whereas improvement in the quality of life was assessed only in those patients who came for a follow-up visit. To assess the efficacy of the treatment, the participants were surveyed using the King questionnaire on the day preceding surgery and during a follow-up visit 3 and 12 months after surgery. The participants whose scores from the two questionnaires changed > or =90% were deemed to be cured. A considerable improvement in quality of life was recorded when the score was 89-75%. With scores of 74-50%, there was a reduction in SI symptoms. However, when the score was 50-0%, no improvement in quality of life was reported, and in participants with scores <0% the quality of life deteriorated. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) V. 10.0, with the Spearman correlation and Chi-squared tests. The results were considered statistically significant when P<0.05. RESULTS: After 12 months, total cure was achieved in 15 participants (42.8%), significant improvement was noted in 6 (17.1%), SUI symptoms abated in 4 (11.4%), no improvement was noted in 7 (20%), and quality of life deteriorated in 3 (8.7%). CONCLUSION: TVT-O surgery is an efficient and reasonably safe method of SUI treatment in women. The ease of use, short duration of surgery and hospitalisation, minor postsurgical discomfort and a small proportion of complications make this method acceptable to patients. With regard to the results of treatment, additional patients should be analysed for a longer period of time.     

The perinatal autopsy: pertinent issues in multicultural Western Europe

Western Europe is in a demographic transition with increasing multicultural societies. Health professionals have to understand the background, religious and cultural aspects of parents to counsel them regarding an autopsy in the event of a perinatal loss. Autopsy rates have declined over the past decades, the major limiting factor being the granting of permission for an autopsy, possibly because of adverse publicity or reluctance of doctors to obtain consent. Autopsy has proved its value in revealing unsuspected findings. The public can be convinced of this utility by means of good information notwithstanding their religious or cultural background.     

2型糖尿病患者血尿酸水平与尿白蛋白排泄率及颈动脉内中膜厚度的关系

目的 探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者血清尿酸(SUA)水平与尿白蛋白排泄率(UAER)和颈动脉内中膜厚度(CIMT)的关系.方法 2008年5月-2009年5月收治T2DM患者372例,其中男性184例,女性188例.收集相关临床资料.Pearson法检验患者SUA水平与各项临床指标的相关性;多元逐步回归法分析影响UAER和CIMT的相关因素.结果 男性T2DM患者SUA水平明显高于女性(P<0.01).男性和女性T2DM患者SUA水平均与UAER相关;在校正内生肌酐清除率(Ccr)的影响后,相关性仍然存在(男性:r=0.24, P<0.01;女性:r=0.29, P<0.01).女性T2DM患者SUA水平与CIMT相关(r=0.29, P<0.01). 多元逐步回归分析显示,SUA是T2DM患者UAER(男性: β=0.16,P<0.05;女性: β=0.20,P<0.05)及女性T2DM患者CIMT的独立相关因素(β=0.16,P<0.05).结论 SUA在T2DM患者肾病和心血管病的发生和发展中起一定作用,控制SUA水平可能有助于延缓糖尿病肾病和防治糖尿病血管并发症.     

灌肠：右侧卧位优于左侧卧位

清洁灌肠或药物保留灌肠都应该提倡用右侧卧位代替传统的左侧卧位。通过解剖部位、物理流体力学、临床实践、实验室观察等,对比左侧和右侧两种卧位的优劣。认为右侧卧位的临床实效和患者的感受,都明显优于左侧卧位。故应改革此百年陋习。     

泌尿外科腔镜立体化培训医学生的实践

随着腹腔镜技术在泌尿外科的广泛应用,对开展腹腔镜技术的医师进行系统的理论学习及规范的操作培训显得尤为重要.本文通过在泌尿外科腔镜临床带教实践中的探索,对立体化培训形式进行总结和详细的阐述.     

Initial satisfying experience of total retroperitoneal laparoscopic radical nephroureterectomy: a retrospective comparative research

BackgroundRadical nephroureterectomy (RNU) is the principal method for treatment of high-risk upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). The transperitoneal approach is associated with poor disease progression, but the distal ureter-bladder cuff (DUBC) resection through retroperitoneal laparoscopic approach is difficult. This study proposed a modulated RNU technique, namely, total retroperitoneal laparoscopic radical nephroureterectomy (tRLRNU), with its advantages of DUBC resection and requiring fewer trocars etc. The efficiency, safety, and short-term impacts were retrospectively compared with total transperitoneal laparoscopic radical nephroureterectomy (tTLRNU).MethodsTotal of 12 patients who received tRLRNU and 28 patients who received tTLRNU were enrolled. The choice of surgical approach was random and their data were retrospectively analyzed. During tRLRNU, the laparoscope was versed towards the caudal direction and a retroperitoneal laparoscopic ureterectomy was performed. The bladder cuff was entirely transected and the bladder incision was sutured. The tRLRNU cases were compared with the tTLRNU cases in terms of general clinical data, pathologic parameters, peri-operative parameters, adjuvant therapy, and short-term outcomes. The independent samples t-tests, chi-square tests, and Fischer exact tests were used to analyze the differences.ResultsThere were no significant differences in the basic patient characteristics between the 2 groups. The data were comparable. There were significantly fewer trocars utilized in tRLRNU group compared to tTLRNU group (P=0.0008). tRLRNU group experienced less blood loss (98.33±61.32 versus 170.71±121.32 mL; P=0.017), smaller drainage volume (182.08±163.60 versus 1,924.82±3,370.02 mL; P=0.011), and shorter extubation time (5.67±1.07 versus 8.57±6.96 days; P=0.040) compared to tRLRNU group. There were no statistically differences in the other peri-operative parameters, including whole operation time, transfusion, visceral and vascular injuries, open conversion, post-operative bleeding, recovery time of intestinal function, and discharge time. The patient outcomes in tTLRNU group at 6 months were significantly worse than that of tRLRNU group by comparing progression-free survival, progression survival and mortality (P=0.039).ConclusionsThe tRLRNU was potentially safer, minimally invasive, and more effective compared to the tTLRNU. Due to the small sample size, short follow-up time and no randomization of the study, future comparative studies are warranted to further analyze long-term outcomes of tRLRNU.     

经阴道无张力尿道中段悬吊术治疗女性压力性尿失禁28例围术期护理体会

目的:探讨经阴道无张力尿道中段悬吊术(TVT)治疗女性压力性尿失禁的护理方法。方法:回顾性分析行TVT手术治疗的28例女性压力性尿失禁患者的护理资料,术前做好充分准备,术后加强对伤口的护理,密切观察病情变化,观察有无排尿困难、出血、感染等并发症。结果:本组24例术后排尿功能恢复良好,4例因膀胱不稳定或感染发生排尿困难,经持续导尿、膀胱训练及药物治疗后均恢复排尿功能。结论:对女性压力性尿失禁患者行TVT手术,并给予术前充分准备和术后严密观察护理,可减少术后并发症的发生,促进患者康复。     

Vascular air embolism during percutaneous nephrolithotomy without pneumopyelogram: a case report of successful rescue

Vascular air embolism (VAE) is a rare complication of percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Paradoxical air embolization resulting from VAE may be more likely to occur in patients with an atrial-septal defect, such as patent foramen ovale. Here, the case of a female patient with VAE that occurred during percutaneous nephrolithotomy is presented. Although the patient was diagnosed with patent foramen ovale, she recovered well without any severe paradoxical air embolization symptoms. To our knowledge, this is the first report of VAE with paradoxical air embolization that occurred in a patient with patent foramen ovale during percutaneous nephrolithotomy that was conducted without pneumopyelography.     

基于早期预警评分应用于子痫前期患者的效果

目的 探讨基于早期预警评分应用于子痫前期患者的效果及对母婴结局的影响。方法 将2019年1月—2020年12月我院收治的80例子痫前期患者纳入研究,按照随机数字表法分为两组,对照组40例予以常规妇产科干预,研究组40例予以基于早期预警评分的护理。比较两组干预前后心理状态、实施救治所需时间、终止妊娠时孕周、住院时间、血压、24 h尿蛋白量以及母婴结局。结果 研究组HAMD、HAMA评分低于对照组（P <0.05）。研究组实施救治所需时间、住院时间短于对照组,终止妊娠时孕周长于对照组（P <0.05）。研究组血压和24 h尿蛋白量低于对照组（P <0.05）。研究组产后出血、胎盘早剥、肝肾损伤发生率低于对照组（P <0.05）。研究组胎儿生长受限、胎儿窘迫、新生儿死亡、新生儿窒息发生率均低于对照组（P <0.05）。结论 子痫前期患者应用基于早期预警评分可有效改善患者心理状态,缩短患者的救治时间,延长孕周,控制病情进展,缩短住院时间,改善母婴结局。     

脊髓损伤尿潴留患者无创护理干预研究进展

尿潴留是脊髓损伤患者常见的并发症之一,目前对尿潴留缺乏有效的治疗,临床上主要采用留置导尿管引流尿液,被动等待膀胱功能的恢复。由于导尿易致尿道黏膜损伤,尿道附近及尿道内存在的细菌可经损伤的黏膜进入机体,引起上行感染;通过无创护理干预来解决患者的尿潴留问题显得尤为重要,本文从促进排尿和膀胱功能训练两方面,综述了脊髓损伤患者尿潴留的无创护理干预进展。