合肥市农村居民健康知识行为现况调查

目的了解合肥市农村居民健康状况和健康需求,为进一步更好开展合肥市“全国亿万农民健康促进行动”工作提供科学的参考数据。方法采用多阶段抽样法,按照经济状况,共抽取3600人,进行调查问卷。结果合肥市农村居民健康知识知晓率和健康行为形成率分别为62.86%和59.32%;“全国亿万农民健康促进行动”相关信息总体知晓率为10.78%;农村居民最愿意接受的三种传播卫生知识的方式是：电视、广播和书报杂志。结论农村居民健康知识知晓率和健康相关行为形成率处于较低的水平。亟待加强对其进行相关知识的宣传和教育。     

南京市社区居民道路交通安全知识、态度、行为分析

目的 了解南京市某社区居民预防道路交通伤害的知识、信念和行为情况,为开展社区道路交通安全健康教育工作提供参考.方法 采用随机多级抽样的方法抽取被调查社区,用自行设计的调查问卷对社区居民进行调查.结果 社区居民道路交通知识的知晓率较低;29.07%的人认为道路交通安全应该由行人、机动车和非机动车共同负责;社区居民参与交通过程中的违章情况较多,在调查前一个月有过1种以上违章行为的社区居民比例为45.47%;在过去的一个月中,有2.23%的人发生过交通事故.结论 南京市社区居民预防和控制道路交通伤害的知识、信念和行为均存在着一定的差距,应进一步加强对社区居民开展以宣传道路交通安全法为主的健康教育活动.     

衡阳地区农村居民艾滋病相关知识和态度的调查

[目的]了解衡阳地区农村居民的艾滋病的知识水平和对艾滋病及艾滋病感染者的态度。[方法]分别在衡阳县、来阳市和衡南县各随机抽取1个村，由调查员在抽中的村随机入户调查。[结果]对于艾滋病的传播途径的知晓率相对较高。而对于非传播途径的知晓率较低；艾滋病知识主要来源于电视广播和报纸杂志；88．5％的人有艾滋病的风险意识；只有55．7％的人能正确对待艾滋病病人。[结论]衡阳地区农村居民的艾滋病知晓率较高，但不够深入和全面。在健康教育中应当在利用媒体的同时，发挥学校和医务工作者的重要作用。     

呼和浩特市农村居民高血压相关知识与行为调查

目的了解内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市农村居民高血压相关知识与行为现状，并探究知识与行为的关系，以探索在农村地区开展高血压健康教育及行为干预模式。方法用整群抽样方法抽取内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市下属4个自然村的35岁以上居民516人。通过问卷调查和体格检查，获得了被调查者高血压相关知识与行为以及血压、身高、体重。结果被调查者高血压相关知识知晓率为40．5％，高血压相关行为评分为8．5±2．6分，行为评分与相应知识知晓率的Spearman等级相关系数为rs=-0．116。“亲戚朋友介绍”是高血压患者及非高血压患者获取高血压相关知识的最重要途径。结论被调查者高血压相关知识与行为水平均较低，且存在知识与行为脱节的现象，同伴教育是在农村地区进行健康教育时可供选择的模式。     

我国城乡婴幼儿营养健康状况及差异分析

目的了解我国城乡婴幼儿营养健康变化情况及城乡差异，为国家制定相关政策、提高国民素质提供科学依据。方法以历次全国营养普查数据为主，分析我国城乡婴幼儿营养健康状况的变化规律及城乡差距。结果我国出生婴儿的死亡率不断下降、出生体质明显改善；0～3岁婴幼儿身高、体重明显增加，生长迟缓率和低体重率明显下降。但缺铁性贫血患病率显著增加；我国婴幼儿营养健康状况的城乡差距进一步加大，农村婴幼儿的生长迟缓率、低体重率和贫血患病率均显著高于城市。结论我国婴幼儿营养健康状况不断改善，但营养不良问题仍相当突出，特别是农村应引起足够重视。     

社区居民心理健康预警及干预机制探讨

心理卫生问题已成为公共卫生问题和突出的社会问题.社区居民心理健康预警及干预机制,是应对社区居民心理健康问题的有效机制.建议:重视并建立社区心理服务机构,完善社区心理卫生服务机构及职能,建立有效的社区心理健康卫生服务预警及治疗机制,加强健康教育、健康促进及心理卫生知识宣传工作,贯彻心理卫生工作的三级预防及三级功能方针.由此,预防社区居民心理疾病的产生,提高社区居民心理健康水平,促进我国社区精神卫生服务的建设及发展.     

The Buen Pastor cemetery in Trujillo, Venezuela: measuring dengue vector output from a public area

As vector control of dengue typically targets individual households to eliminate breeding sites or control adult mosquitoes during epidemics, public spaces are frequently neglected. To investigate the importance of such places as sources of dengue vectors, a study of Aedes aegypti productivity in a cemetery in northern Venezuela, using standard entomological indices for assessing dengue vector infestations, was carried out in the wet season in May 2003. Containers were found on 72.8% of graves; 44% of the containers held water and in 46.9% of these we found A. aegypti larvae and/or pupae. The average density of Aedes-infested containers was 39 per hectare. There were no significant differences in infestation rates between container types (vases, planters or others) or materials (cement, plastic, glass, etc.). Containers with 1-5 l of water held the greatest proportion of the pupae found in the cemetery (46.7%); containers with <100 ml of water contained no pupae. The mean number of pupae produced in the cemetery was estimated at 4185 pupae/ha per 48 h and the daily output of potential vector mosquitoes from the entire cemetery was calculated at approximately 3000 females per day. These mosquitoes presumably left the cemetery to feed in the nearby communities, thus thwarting the environmental management and health education programmes that had reduced household dengue vector infestations. The study shows the importance of public places as sources of dengue vectors in urban areas, and the need to include such areas in vector control programmes.     

Nursing home residents' dependence and independence

Background. Entering an institution constitutes one of the most difficult developmental challenges for older people, and may lead to increased dependency because of reinforcing environmental events such as the interaction pattern of the staff. Aims and objective. The aim of this paper was to describe the pattern of social interaction between nursing home residents and the nursing staff during mealtimes. Design and methods. Six residents of a nursing home in a suburb of Oslo were observed. Data were collected during 120 systematic observations. Different types of behaviour relating to the residents’ level of independence when interacting with the staff were examined using a structured observational scheme developed by Baltes. Results. Data showed that the residents’ maintenance of independent self‐care was the most predominant behaviour. Residents were rarely socially active. The behaviour of one resident varied among meals. Observations of independent self‐care maintenance during interactions between the residents and the staff were sometimes consistent and sometimes inconsistent. The response of the nursing staff to the residents’ social engagement was variable. Generally, however, they did not respond at all and seldom displayed engagement‐supportive behaviour. Conclusions. The results represent a challenge to the nursing staff to increase social interaction during mealtimes, and also to examine their inconsistent behaviour towards the residents. Relevance to clinical practice. Mealtime appears to be a good opportunity to foster the independence of the residents as well as to enhance social activity in the form of informal conversation. Greater consistency of staff behaviour is required, based on ethical values such as consideration of the residents’ self‐esteem and autonomy, thereby stimulating independent self‐care at mealtimes. Inconsistent behaviour, often based on values that are not clarified, may, on the contrary, lead to increased dependence of the residents.     

Living in towers as risk factor of pollen allergy

BACKGROUND: The effects of fluctuations in pollen counts have important implications for health services. Little research on the clinical implications of the vertical distribution of pollen in allergy symptoms has been carried out. METHODS: We have investigated the allergic symptoms of a population of 17 171 patients coming from our health area (Valladolid, Spain) and living in the city and villages. We compared the prevalence of sensitization to different pollens: Graminae, trees and shrub in relation with the floor of the building where they were living. RESULTS: Relative risk of pollen sensitization (confidence index, CI 95%) was higher in patients who were living at high floors than in those patients who were living in lower floors or at street level, independently of rural or urban conditions The chi-square showed a lineal trend in this relationship in the case of sensitization to grass pollen: chi(2): 1794, P > 0.00001 CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of our local investigations, natural pollen sensitization appears to increase with height where the patient lives. This paper reports clinical results on the influence of vertical pollen distribution in pollen allergy.     

Epidemiology and symptomatology of migraine among school children: Denizli urban area in Turkey

OBJECTIVE: This study was aimed at finding the prevalence, associated factors, and symptomatology of migraine among 5 to 8 grades of secondary and 9 to 11 grades of high school children (age range between 11 and 18 years old) in the Denizli urban area in the western part of Turkey. BACKGROUND: Data from the developed countries indicate that migraine is the most common cause of recurrent headaches in children. Also, childhood migraine is sufficiently severe to prevent the half of the suffering children from carrying on their usual daily activities. METHODS: A cross-sectional school-based study was conducted between May 2000 and June 2000. There were 2,490 participants selected by a multistage stratified clustered sampling procedure. A validated self-administered questionnaire designed according to the International Headache Society criteria was given to the school children of age between 11 and 18 years. RESULTS: Overall migraine prevalence was 8.8%; it was 6.7% in boys and 11.0% in girls (OR: 1.7; 95% CI: 1.3 to 2.3). Among girls, the highest prevalence (17.7%) occurred at 15 years of age, but among boys, the highest prevalence (11.9%) occurred at 16 years of age. Of children with migraine, 56.5% had a positive family history, and only 29.1% visited a doctor for headache. CONCLUSION: Migraine is a common health problem among school children in Denizli urban area and it often goes underdiagnosed.