卤虫卵油脂肪酸组成分析及α-亚麻酸含量测定

目的采用毛细管气相色谱法分析卤虫卵油的脂肪酸主要组成并建立测定卤虫卵油中α-亚麻酸含量的方法。方法采用DB-WAX毛细管柱;程序升温:起始温度150℃,升温速率3℃.min-1,结束温度240℃,保持10 min;氢焰离子化检测器温度250℃。结果卤虫卵油中不饱和脂肪酸占总脂肪酸质量分数超过70%,其中油酸、α-亚麻酸质量分数分别为26.9%、27.7%。α-亚麻酸甲酯质量在0.719～3.60μg内线性关系良好(r=0.999 8,n=5),平均回收率为101.6%,RSD=2.3%。结论毛细管气相色谱法可作为卤虫卵油α-亚麻酸的含量测定方法。     

TM6SF2在非酒精性脂肪肝病中的研究进展

非酒精性脂肪肝病（nonalcoholic fatty liver disease,NAFLD）是一类慢性肝脏疾病,以肝脏中甘油三酯（triglycerides,TG）异常积聚为特征,其发病率逐年增加,是目前最常见的肝脏疾病。跨膜6超家族成员2(transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2,TM6SF2)属于跨膜蛋白超家族成员,大量研究证实TM6SF2在NAFLD的发生发展中起重要作用。本文就TM6SF2在NAFLD中的作用及可能机制进行综述。     

西红花酸改善大鼠酒精性脂肪肝作用机制研究

目的研究西红花酸对酒精性脂肪肝大鼠的作用及其机制。方法将30只雄性SD大鼠随机分为健康对照组、模型组及西红花酸组,每组各10只。模型组及西红花组大鼠均行酒精性脂肪肝造模,同时西红花酸组予西红花酸50mg／（kg·d）灌胃预防性治疗。比较3组大鼠血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、甘油三酯（TG）水平及肝脏极低密度脂蛋白（VLDL）分泌速率,肝脏TG、游离脂肪酸（FFA）含量,肝脏脂肪酸线粒体β-氧化速率及脂肪酸过氧化物酶体β-氧化速率,苯胺羟化酶（ANH）、乙醇脱氢酶（ADH）及乙醛脱氢酶（ALDH）活性,肝脏超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性、谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量及丙二醛（MDA）含量。结果模型组与西红花酸组大鼠血清ALT和TG含量、肝脏TG和FFA含量、肝质量系数均高于健康对照组（P〈0．01,P〈0．05）,而西红花酸组均低于模型组（P〈0．01,P〈0．05）;模型组及西红花酸组大鼠肝脏脂肪酸线粒体β-氧化速率、过氧化物酶体β-氧化速率和VLDL分泌速率均低于健康对照组（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）,且西红花酸组脂肪酸线粒体β-氧化速率高于模型组（P〈0．05）;与健康对照组比较,模型组ANH活性及MDA含量升高（P〈0．05）,ADH、ALDH、SOD活性及GSH含量降低（P〈0．01）,而西红花酸组ANH活性及MDA含量较模型组降低（P〈0．05）,ADH、ALDH、SOD活性及GSH含量升高（P〈0．05）。结论西红花酸对酒精性脂肪肝有改善作用,其作用机制可能是通过加速肝脏线粒体脂肪酸氧化,增强血浆中TG消除速度,减轻肝脏脂肪堆积,增强ALDH活性,进而加速乙醇和乙醛的清除。     

A novel function of bamboo extract in relieving lipotoxicity

Lipotoxicity is closely related to the etiology and complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study investigated the protective effect of an extract from bamboo Phyllostachys edulis against palmitic acid (PA)-induced lipoapoptosis. The lipo-detoxification function of the bamboo extract (BEX) was evaluated using cell culture models. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay and cell apoptosis was monitored by Annexin V staining. Cellular uptake of fluorescent free fatty acid (FFA) analog was measured by flow cytometry. Protein levels of total protein kinase B (Akt) and phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) were measured by western blotting. The results show that co-incubating BEX with mouse myoblast C2C12 cells had no effect on the cellular uptake of FFA, but dramatically decreased PA-induced cell apoptosis and protected cell viability. A similar antilipotoxicity effect of BEX was observed in other mammalian cells. BEX significantly decreased the protein levels of both Akt and p-Akt in C2C12 cells under normal cell culture conditions but not under lipotoxic conditions, indicating the regulatory effect of BEX on cell signaling pathways and its response to a high FFA environment. This study demonstrated a novel function of bamboo extract in preventing lipotoxicity in mammalian cells, implicating a promising phytotherapeutic approach for lipo-detoxification.     

病毒性脑炎患者BDVp24、p40基因片段的核酸检测

目的分别检测病毒性脑炎患者脑脊液有核细胞（CSFMCs）中博尔纳病病毒（BDV）p24、p40基因片段,探讨病毒性脑炎患者与BDV感染的关系及阳性患者的临床特征。方法用荧光定量巢式逆转录聚合酶链反应（FQ—nRT—PCR）方法检测病毒性脑炎患者及对照者CSFMCs中BDVp24、p40基因片段,将两个保守区p24和p40检测均为阳性的标本再做进一步分析,并总结阳性患者的临床特征,同时用β-肌动蛋白（B—actin）作为内参照。结果实验组102例病毒性脑炎患者CSFMCs中BDVp24基因片段检测中有11例阳性,BDVp40基因片段检测中有10例阳性,两个保守区p24和p40检测均为阳性标本10例,对照组84例中均为阴性,两者比较阳性率差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。阳性基因片段产物测序后与BDV标准病毒株V和马源的BDV病毒株H1766序列比较,同源性分别为96．35％和98．85％,在4个位点出现基因突变（nt1649T→C,nt1656G→A,nt1670C→T,nt1676C→T）;8例阳性患者主要以精神行为异常为起病方式,患者与动物关系密切,其他临床特征无特殊。结论病毒性脑炎的发生与BDV感染有关,主要以精神行为异常为临床特征。     

妊娠期糖尿病营养治疗进展

妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)营养治疗主要通过评估患者个人情况后制订合适的能量摄入计划,如限制糖类的摄入量,通过血糖指数/血糖负荷理论配合食品交换份法来搭配食物。科学搭配膳食三大营养素可为孕妇提供最佳的营养,促进适当的孕期体质量增加,达到理想的血糖控制水平,为胎儿正常生长发育提供足够的能量。该文就GDM营养治疗的基本治疗和最新进展进行综述。     

Effects of an Amino Acid-Based Formula Supplemented with Two Human Milk Oligosaccharides on Growth,Tolerability, Safety,and Gut Microbiome in Infants with Cow’s Milk Protein Allergy

This open-label, non-randomized, multicenter trial (Registration: {"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT 03661736","term_id":"NCT03661736"}}NCT 03661736) aimed to assess if an amino acid-based formula (AAF) supplemented with two human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) supports normal growth and is well tolerated in infants with a cow’s milk protein allergy (CMPA). Term infants aged 1–8 months with moderate-to-severe CMPA were enrolled. The study formula was an AAF supplemented with 2′-fucosyllactose (2′-FL) and lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT). Infants were fed the study formula for 4 months and were offered to remain on the formula until 12 months of age. Tolerance and safety were assessed throughout the trial. Out of 32 infants (mean age 18.6 weeks; 20 (62.5%) male), 29 completed the trial. During the 4-month principal study period, the mean weight-for-age Z score (WAZ) increased from –0.31 at the baseline to +0.28 at the 4-months’ follow-up. Linear and head growth also progressed along the WHO child growth reference, with a similar small upward trend. The formula was well tolerated and had an excellent safety profile. When comparing the microbiome at the baseline to the subsequent visits, there was a significant on-treatment enrichment in HMO-utilizing bifidobacteria, which was associated with a significant increase in fecal short-chain fatty acids. In addition, we observed a significant reduction in the abundance of fecal Proteobacteria, suggesting that the HMO-supplemented study formula partially corrected the gut microbial dysbiosis in infants with CMPA.     

Branched-Chain Fatty Acids Alter the Expression of Genes Responsible for Lipid Synthesis and Inflammation in Human Adipose Cells

Recently, we have demonstrated a decreased level of iso-branched-chain fatty acids (iso-BCFAs) in patients with excessive weight. However, it is still unclear whether BCFAs may influence lipid metabolism and inflammation in lipogenic tissues. To verify this, human visceral adipocytes were cultured with three different concentrations of selected iso-BCFA (14-methylpentadecanoic acid) and anteiso-BCFA (12-methyltetradecanoic acid), and then the expression of genes associated with lipid metabolism (FASN—fatty acid synthase; SREBP1—sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1; SCD1—stearoyl-CoA desaturase; ELOVL4—fatty acid elongase 4; ELOVL6—fatty acid elongase 6; FADS2—fatty acid desaturase 2; FADS1–fatty acid desaturase 1) and inflammation (COX-2—cyclooxygenase 2; ALOX-15—lipoxygenase 15; IL-6—interleukin 6) were determined. This study demonstrates for the first time that incubation with iso-BCFA decreases the expression of adipocyte genes that are associated with lipid metabolism (except FASN) and inflammation. These findings suggest that changes in the iso-BCFA profile in obese patients may contribute to adipose inflammation and dyslipidemia. Further studies should evaluate whether iso-BCFA supplementation in obese patients would be beneficial.     

Effects of Five Amino Acids (Serine,Alanine, Glutamate,Aspartate, and Tyrosine) on Mental Health in Healthy Office Workers: A Randomized,Double-Blind,Placebo-Controlled Exploratory Trial

Background: The importance of maintaining good mental health with overall well-being has recently drawn attention from various spheres of academics and the working population. Amino acid intake has been reported to reduce depression symptoms and other mental health problems. However, the effectiveness of amino acid intake (i.e., single or combined) remains unknown. In this study, we assessed a combination of five amino acids (serine, alanine, glutamate, aspartate, and tyrosine; SAGAT) reported to regulate mental health. Methods: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled exploratory trial was conducted. Participants, aged between 20 and 65 years with fatigue sensation, were randomized to receive either SAGAT or the placebo and ingested them for four weeks. A transient mental work was loaded at day 0 and after four weeks of intervention. As the primary outcomes, the fatigue sensation was assessed. The mood status, cognitive function, work efficiency, and blood marker were also measured as secondary outcomes. Results: The number of participants analyzed for the efficacy evaluation were 20 in SAGAT and 22 in the placebo. There were no significant differences in the primary outcomes. However, as the secondary outcomes, the SAGAT group showed a significant improvement in motivation and cognitive function in the recovery period after mental work loaded in a four-week intervention compared to the placebo. Conclusion: The current findings suggest that SAGAT contributes to maintaining proper motivation and cognitive function. Clinical Trial Registration: University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trial Registry (ID: UMIN 000041221).