云南高校大学生健康保健需求的调查与分析

目的了解云南省在校大学生的健康状况和保健需求,进一步充实人体健康公选课,提高大学生健康素养。方法采取整群抽样的方法应用自制问卷调查表对181名人体健康公选课的综合院校大学生进行问卷调查,采用百分率、χ2检验进行统计描述与分析,P〈0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果有健康保健欲望,想获得保健、急救、用药安全和预防传染病等知识的学生超过95%;希望了解的疾病种类较多;平衡膳食、睡眠正常、安排时间锻炼身体的人数均不超过50%;情绪积极乐观36.5%,情绪感觉一般51.9%,情绪悲观失望、易激动和焦虑13.8%;希望与更多人交往的占92.3%,不愿与人交往的占7.2%;与同学关系和睦的占91.2%,与同学关系一般的占8.3%;男女生在情绪和交往方面的比较差异无统计学意义（χ2=3.84,P〉0.05）;男女生与同学关系方面的比较差异有统计学意义（χ2=6.69,P〈0.01）;男女生在情绪积极乐观,情绪感觉一般,情绪悲观失望、易激动和焦虑三类情绪比较差异均有统计学意义（χ2=20.81、39.39,P均〈0.05）。结论云南高校学生有较强的保健愿望,希望了解疾病种类的较多,学校应加强在校学生健康素养的培养。     

高职护生实习满意度调查及其对离职意愿的影响分析简

目的：了解高职护生临床实习的满意度及其对离职意愿的影响。方法：采用自行设计的满意度调查问卷的形式,对某校2010级实习护生进行调研,包括自身方面、带教老师、工作环境、工作管理4个维度18个项目。结果：护生对于带教老师方面满意度最高,对工作环境满意度得分较低。而临床工作压力大,工作劳累,以及医院感染对自身可能的威胁成为影响护生产生离职想法的最主要因素。结论：对护生进行人性化管理,提高带教老师的教学能力,对护生进行实习前针对性培训是提高临床护理教学质量、提升实习护生满意度的有效途径。     

儿科护生临床带教方法探讨

目的：探讨提高儿科护生带教质量问题。方法：总结儿科带教经验,从入科教育开始,加强晨间提问、理论知识讲座、操作指导、护理及教学查房、技能考核,全程贯穿思想素质、专业素质教育,由浅入深地进行儿科护理知识和技能教育。结果：全部护生均能达到教学大纲的要求,掌握儿科护理的要领。结论：严格规范的护生带教方法是一种切实可行的方法,能够做好儿科带教工作。     

建水县7～18岁汉族学生生长发育状况分析

目的 了解建水县儿童青少年生长发育规律,为有关部门制定政策提供依据.方法 使用2005年和2010年全国学生体质健康调研数据中的云南省资料,对建水县汉族学生的形态、机能和素质指标进行分析.结果 2010年建水县7～18岁汉族学生身高、体重、胸围和肺活量等形态、机能指标以及速度、爆发力、耐力、肌力和柔韧性指标均有明显的年龄特征,随着年龄的增长呈上升趋势,各年龄的生长速度不同,各指标的发育符合生长发育的一般规律;城市学生身高、胸围发育趋势减缓甚至停滞,农村学生生长发育速度快于城市,城乡差异缩小;速度、下肢爆发力和耐力男生好于女生,柔韧性女生优于男生;除柔韧性城市学生明显高于乡村学生外,其余指标均无明显的城乡差异.男女生速度、耐力、下肢爆发力和女生腹肌力下降,男女生柔韧性、男生上臂肌力有所提高.结论 学校、家庭和社会要形成合力,加强引导,创造学生平衡膳食和加强锻炼的环境,培养学生树立合理膳食、参加运动的意识及行为习惯,促进学生体质健康.     

深圳市宝安区某街道2011-2013年中小学生健康状况分析

目的 了解和分析近年来辖区内中小学生健康状况及学生常见病患病情况,为更好地开展学校卫生监督工作、促进学生健康提供科学依据.方法 收集2011-2013年中小学生健康体检资料,分析学生的健康状况,使用SAS 9.2统计软件对检查结果进行汇总、分析.结果 2011-2013年辖区在校中小学生体检合格率为58.75％,营养不良率为5.77％,肥胖率为9.97％,视力不良、沙眼和龋齿检出率分别为39.47％、2.77％和46.54％,低血红蛋白血症检出率为2.14％,肝功能异常检出率为1.81％.其中公立学校学生肥胖率、近视不良率均高于民办学校（P＜0.05）;小学生营养不良率、近视不良率均低于中学生（P＜0.05）;男生营养不良率、肥胖率高于女生（P＜0.05）,视力不良率和龋齿率则是女生高于男生（P＜0.05）.结论 辖区内中小学生健康状况总体上有所改善,学生营养不良、低血红蛋白、沙眼及肝功能异常检出率有所下降,但与此同时,学生肥胖率、视力不良率和龋齿患病率继续上升.应采取切实可行的预防措施,提高学生的身体健康水平.     

Interventions to Disrupt Coronavirus Disease Transmission at a University,Wisconsin, USA,August–October 2020

University settings have demonstrated potential for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreaks; they combine congregate living, substantial social activity, and a young population predisposed to mild illness. Using genomic and epidemiologic data, we describe a COVID-19 outbreak at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA. During August–October 2020, a total of 3,485 students, including 856/6,162 students living in dormitories, tested positive. Case counts began rising during move-in week, August 25–31, 2020, then rose rapidly during September 1–11, 2020. The university initiated multiple prevention efforts, including quarantining 2 dormitories; a subsequent decline in cases was observed. Genomic surveillance of cases from Dane County, in which the university is located, did not find evidence of transmission from a large cluster of cases in the 2 quarantined dorms during the outbreak. Coordinated implementation of prevention measures can reduce COVID-19 spread in university settings and may limit spillover to the surrounding community.     

Fear and anxiety about COVID-19 among local and overseas Chinese university students

This study aimed to establish a new COVID-19 Fear (Higher Education) scale to investigate the relationship between fear and generalised anxiety symptoms among Chinese students in mainland China, Hong Kong, and other countries. 219 Chinese university students studying in universities in mainland China (n = 76, 34.7%), Hong Kong (n = 66, 30.1%), and overseas (i.e., outside of China as international students, n = 77, 35.2%) participated in an online study from March 31, 2020 to April 4. Participants completed a newly developed COVID-19 Fear (Higher Education) scale to measure three domains of fear including fear of infection, fear of instability and fear of insecurity related to the COVID-19 pandemic. They also completed the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale (GAD-7) on the severity of anxiety symptoms. About 9.6% of the participants could be classified as exhibiting high anxiety level according to the GAD-7. More students studying overseas (about 15%) were classified into the high GAD group when compared to students studying in both mainland China (6.6%) and Hong Kong (6.1%). MANOVA results showed that students studying in Hong Kong and overseas had more concerns related to preventive measures related to COVID-19 than their mainland counterparts did. We concluded that international students studying away from their home country would have higher risk to develop anxiety problems during a collective trauma such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Education institutions should provide support services including online support groups, social media groups for mutual support to alleviate the fear and anxiety of international students.     

初中生主观生活质量现状及其影响因素研究

目的 了解初中生主观生活质量现状,探讨影响其主观生活质量的因素。方法 采用一般调查问卷、儿少主观生活质量问卷及中学生感知学校气氛问卷,于2019年7月—9月间调查安徽省不同地区五所中学300名初中生,采用分层回归方法分析其影响因素。结果 初中生主观生活质量总分为(152.96±22.70)分。300人中,男生148人(49.3%),主观生活质量总分为(151.58±21.25)分;女生152人(50.7%),主观生活质量总分为(154.30±24.02)分。分层回归分析结果显示,影响初中生主观生活质量的主要因素有家庭月总收入(P＝0.027)、师生关系维度(P＝0.000)、同学关系维度(P＝0.037)和学业压力维度(P＝0.005)。结论 初中生主观生活质量总分整体偏低,且与家庭月总收入,学校气氛中的师生关系、同学关系、学业压力因素有关。     

2018年上海市闵行区某镇中小学生裸眼视力及屈光发育状态分析

目的 了解上海市颛桥镇中小学生视力与屈光状况,为社区中小学生眼病防治提供科学依据.方法 运用描述性流行病学方法对2018年上海市颛桥镇6～16周岁中小学生视力与屈光状态资料进行统计分析.结果 2018年颛桥镇中小学生裸眼视力异常发生率为32.69％;屈光异常近视发生率为63.07％,远视发生率为1.40％,散光发生率为...     

Fast Eating Is Associated with Increased BMI among High-School Students

Fast self-reported eating rate (SRER) has been associated with increased adiposity in children and adults. No studies have been conducted among high-school students, and SRER has not been validated vs. objective eating rate (OBER) in such populations. The objectives were to investigate (among high-school student populations) the association between OBER and BMI z-scores (BMIz), the validity of SRER vs. OBER, and potential differences in BMIz between SRER categories. Three studies were conducted. Study 1 included 116 Swedish students (mean ± SD age: 16.5 ± 0.8, 59% females) who were eating school lunch. Food intake and meal duration were objectively recorded, and OBER was calculated. Additionally, students provided SRER. Study 2 included students (n = 50, mean ± SD age: 16.7 ± 0.6, 58% females) from Study 1 who ate another objectively recorded school lunch. Study 3 included 1832 high-school students (mean ± SD age: 15.8 ± 0.9, 51% females) from Sweden (n = 748) and Greece (n = 1084) who provided SRER. In Study 1, students with BMIz ≥ 0 had faster OBER vs. students with BMIz < 0 (mean difference: +7.7 g/min or +27%, p = 0.012), while students with fast SRER had higher OBER vs. students with slow SRER (mean difference: +13.7 g/min or +56%, p = 0.001). However, there was “minimal” agreement between SRER and OBER categories (κ = 0.31, p < 0.001). In Study 2, OBER during lunch 1 had a “large” correlation with OBER during lunch 2 (r = 0.75, p < 0.001). In Study 3, fast SRER students had higher BMIz vs. slow SRER students (mean difference: 0.37, p < 0.001). Similar observations were found among both Swedish and Greek students. For the first time in high-school students, we confirm the association between fast eating and increased adiposity. Our validation analysis suggests that SRER could be used as a proxy for OBER in studies with large sample sizes on a group level. With smaller samples, OBER should be used instead. To assess eating rate on an individual level, OBER can be used while SRER should be avoided.