Medical training in Greece: A crisis in progress

Objectives. We sought to evaluate the opinions of medical students and graduates regarding the quality of medical education in Greece. Methods. Two online questionnaires concerning the undergraduate medical education and specialty training respectively were distributed. Results. Regarding the quality of undergraduate medical education, 52.1% of participants replied favorably while clinical training was found satisfactory by 45.1. Dissatisfaction rates with research opportunities and support from tutors reached 88.4 and 83.3%, respectively. The majority (75.3%) supported the introduction of examinations for commencing specialty training. 52.3% of physicians were satisfied with the quality of specialty training. The most common complaint was the absence of a formal educational program. 67.2% of participants were dissatisfied with working conditions during their specialty training, with 70.1% working >60 h per week. Physicians practicing medical specialties were more satisfied with the quality of specialty training than those practicing surgical specialties (odds ratio: 1.43; 95% confidence limits: 1.09–1.87) and were less likely to work for >60 h per week (odds ratio: 0.66; 95% confidence limits: 0.48–0.9). Conclusion. Opinions expressed in this survey highlight the need for reforming medical education in Greece.     

A virtual COVID-19 ophthalmology rotation

The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic temporarily suspended medical student involvement in clinical rotations, resulting in the need to develop virtual clinical experiences. The cancellation of clinical ophthalmology electives and away rotations reduces opportunities for exposure to the field, to network with faculty, conduct research, and prepare for residency applications. We review the literature and discuss the impact and consequences of COVID-19 on undergraduate medical education with an emphasis on ophthalmic undergraduate medical education. We also discuss innovative learning modalities used from medical schools around the world during the COVID-19 pandemic such as virtual didactics, online cases, and telehealth. Finally, we describe a novel, virtual neuro-ophthalmology elective created to educate medical students on neuro-ophthalmology foundational principles, provide research and presentation opportunities, and build relationships with faculty members. These innovative approaches represent a step forward in further improving medical education in ophthalmology during COVID-19 pandemic and beyond.     

Gender Differences in Deviance and Health Risk Behaviors Among Young-Adults Undergraduate Students

Background: Deviant and health risk behaviors among young-adults are associated with many adverse outcomes. Objectives: This study aims to evaluate a broad variety of behaviors by gender differences and their contribution to predicting cannabis use in undergraduate students. Method: This research is based on a structured, self-reported anonymous questionnaire distributed to 1,432 young adult undergraduate students at an Israeli University, 533 males and 899 females (mean age 27.4; SD 6.01).

Results: The findings demonstrate a significant proportion of sampled young adults reported to be involved in deviant and health risk behaviors and that all risky behaviors were more frequently significant in males than in females. Among drivers 72% reported speeding, 60% reported failure to keep distance, 44% reported being involved at a car accident as a driver, 40% reported not stopping at a stop sign, and quarter reported driving after drinking alcohol. These findings also expand how certain risk behaviors contribute to predicting cannabis use. Conclusions: The relatively high prevalence of some of these risky behaviors among normative young adults suggests that risky behaviors are considered as normative behavior for this group, especially among man, and therefore, policymakers need to consider prevention and harm reduction interventions relevant to this risk group.     

口腔本科实习生临床能力评价指标体系的构建

目的 构建口腔本科实习生临床能力评价指标体系,以应用于口腔本科实习生临床能力的评价,并促进整个口腔临床实践教学,提高实习生临床综合素质。 方法 本研究通过文献回顾的基础上初步构建口腔本科实习生临床能力评价指标体系,应用Delphi专家咨询法进行两轮专家咨询,筛选出口腔本科实习生临床能力评价指标体系及应用层次分析法和百分比权重法确定权重。结果 经过两轮 Delphi 专家咨询,构建了包含8个一级指标、 55个二级指标的口腔本科实习生临床能力评价指标体系并确定其权重。结论 本次研究在合理应用 Delphi 专家咨询法的基础上建立了口腔本科实习生临床能力评价指标体系,内容全面,适合应用于口腔本科实习生临床能力的评价,能较好反应出实习生的临床能力水平,有利于发现实习生在实习期间存在的问题并及时提出改进策略,对提高实习生临床能力发挥指导作用。     

在社区护理教学中开展护理评判性思维教学的实践

目的：探索在社区护理教学中采用案例情景模拟-角色扮演教学法对护理本科生评判性思维能力的影响。方法将河北中医学院2011级护理本科生120人随机均分为两组,实验组采用案例情景模拟-角色扮演法进行教学,对照组采用传统教学方法,比较两组授课前后加利福尼亚评判性思维倾向问卷（ CCTDI）评分和授课后两组对授课的满意度。结果两组授课前CCTDI总分及各维度评分比较差异无统计学意义（ P〉0．05）;对照组授课后仅分析能力、评判性思维的信心两个维度评分显著高于授课前（P〈0．05）;实验组授课后CCTDI总分及各维度评分均高于授课前,且寻找真相、开放思想、系统化能力、评判性思维的信心4个维度评分及总分显著高于对照组授课后（P〈0．05）。实验组授课后对授课满意度评分显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论在社区护理教学中采用案例情景模拟-角色扮演教学法可显著提高学生的评判性思维能力,激发学生对社区护理课程的兴趣。     

本科护生同理心与其对老年人态度的相关性研究

[目的]了解本科护生的同理心水平及对老年人态度的现状,并分析两者之间的相关性。[方法]采用一般资料调查表、人际反应指针量表、中文版老年人态度量表(KAOP)对258名本科护生进行问卷调查。[结果]本科护生同理心得分为29~98(55.11±8.53)分,本科护生对老年人态度得分107~220(157.75±19.42)分;相关分析显示本科护生对老年人态度与其同理心水平呈正相关关系(P<0.05),多元回归分析显示,本科护生的同理心水平对老年人态度的解释增加了9.60%。[结论]本科护生对老年人态度仍有提升的空间,护理教育者可以在教学过程中培训本科护生的同理心水平,进一步改善本科护生对老年人的态度,从而为养老医疗卫生服务事业储备高素质护理人才。